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76-665: The district is bordered by Lake Edward to the North West, Rubirizi District to the northeast, Mitooma District to the northeast and east, Ntungamo District to the east and southeast, Rukiga District and Rubanda District to the south, Kanungu District to the west, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo via Lake Edward to the northwest. The district headquarters are approximately 382 kilometres (237 mi), by road, south-west of Kampala , Uganda's capital city. The district

152-443: A banquet was held, during which an inebriated Emin fell out of a second-storey window he mistook for a balcony, and from which he did not recover until the end of January 1890. In the meantime, the rest of the expedition had dispersed; Stanley went to Zanzibar and then to Cairo, where he wrote the 900 pages of In Darkest Africa in just 50 days. The Zanzibari carriers were paid off or (in the case of prisoners) returned to their masters,

228-660: A child slave, and Jameson's diary also shows that he was well informed of cannibal customs and had even seen remainders of a cannibal meal before, making his line of defense doubtful. After the dispatch of a number of letters down-Congo, the expedition returned to Fort Bodo, taking a different route that proved no better for food supply, and it reached the Fort on 20 December, now reduced to 412 men, of whom 124 were too ill to carry any loads. On 16 January 1889, near Lake Albert, Stanley received letters from Emin and Jephson, who had been made prisoner by Emin's officers for several months, while at

304-438: A fortified camp. Meanwhile, at Stanley Falls, Tippu Tib attempted to acquire carriers, but he believed that Stanley had broken his part of their agreement by leaving ammunition behind, and Barttelot came to Yambuya with only an indefinite promise that carriers would arrive in several weeks. Stanley, however, insisted on speed, and left for Lake Albert on 28 June, originally expecting to take two months. The Advance Column, however,

380-486: A heated argument, Stanley determined to leave shortly, and the expedition departed Kavalli's for the coast on 10 April. The trip to the coast passed first south, along the western flank of the Ruwenzoris , and Stairs attempted to ascend to a summit, reaching 10,677 ft before having to turn around. They then passed by Lake Edward and Lake George , then across to the southernmost point of Lake Victoria , passing through

456-662: A high tech E-mobility startup. Mugasho Lincoln, the most sought after cyber security expert in the country. Morrison Rwakakamba , Ugandan public administrator and economist Lt. Gen. Henry Tumukunde , the former Updf Chief of planning, Updf chief of personnel and administration, Updf Commander of 4th division, director of ISO, director of CMI, MP of Rubaabo, Minister of Security and Presidential Candidate in 2021. The parliamentary representatives of this district are Namanya Naboth (FDC) for Rubabo , Jim Muhwezi (NRM) for Rujumbura , Betty Muzanira (FDC) woman representative and Ronald Kaginda (FDC) Rukungiri Municipality. In 1991,

532-588: A long time. Finally, on 17 August at Banalya, 90 miles upstream from Yambuya, Stanley found Bonny, the sole European left in charge of the column, along with a handful of starving carriers. Barttelot had been shot in a dispute, Jameson was at Bangala dying of a fever, Troup had been invalided home, and Herbert Ward had gone back down the Congo a second time to telegraph the Relief Committee in London for further instructions (the column had not heard from Stanley in over

608-547: A number of publications made after the expedition, Stanley asserted that the singular purpose of the effort was to offer relief to Emin Pasha. The advantages of the Congo route were about five hundred miles shorter land journey, and less opportunities for deserting. It also quieted the fears of the French and Germans that, behind this professedly humanitarian quest, we might have annexation projects. However, Stanley's other writings point to

684-604: A park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of its waters are in the DRC and one third in Uganda. Apart from Ishango, the main Congolese settlement in the south is Vitshumbi, while the Ugandan settlements are Mweya and Katwe in the northeast, near the crater lake of that name, which is the chief producer of salt for Uganda. The nearest cities are Kasese in Uganda to the northeast and Butembo in

760-424: A particle remained, each man taking his piece away down to the river to wash it. The most extraordinary thing was that the girl never uttered a sound, nor struggled, until she fell. Until the last moment, I could not believe that they were in earnest... that it was anything save a ruse to get money out of me.... When I went home I tried to make some small sketches of the scene while still fresh in my memory, not that it

836-470: A relief expedition. Stanley declared himself ready "at a moment's notice" to go. Mackinnon then approached James Frederick Hutton , a business acquaintance also involved in colonial activities, and together they organized the "Emin Pasha Relief Committee", mostly consisting of Mackinnon's friends, among them Francis de Winton . Their first meeting took place on 19 December 1886. The Committee raised

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912-505: A second relief expedition under Frederick John Jackson . After waiting fruitlessly for news of the Jackson expedition, Stanley left on 17 September, with a party now reduced to some 700 by a combination of death and desertion. As the expedition approached the coast, they encountered parties of Germans and other signs of German activity in the interior, and were met by commissioner Wissmann on 4 December and escorted into Bagamoyo . That evening

988-637: A secondary goal — territorial annexation. In his account of the expedition, he implied that his meeting with the Sultan of Zanzibar was in regards to British interests in East Africa . These interests were threatened not only by the Mahdists, but also by German imperial ambitions in the region; Germany would not recognize British suzerainty over Zanzibar (and its continental holdings) until 1890 . I have settled several little commissions at Zanzibar satisfactorily. One

1064-514: A slave-trader, and the second agreement regarded the provisions of carriers for the expedition. In addition to transporting stores, the carriers were now also expected to bring out some 75 tons of ivory stored in Equatoria. Stanley posted letters to Emin predicting his arrival on Lake Albert around August. The expedition left Zanzibar on 25 February and, rounding the Cape of Good Hope , arrived at Banana at

1140-512: A total of about £32,000. Stanley was officially still in the employment of Leopold II of Belgium , by whom he had been employed in carving out Leopold's ' Congo Free State '. As a compromise for letting Stanley go, it was arranged in a meeting in Brussels between Stanley and the king, that the expedition would take a longer route up the Congo River , contrary to plans for a shorter route inland from

1216-469: A year). The original purpose of the rear column – to wait for the additional carriers from Tippu Tib – had not been accomplished, since without the ammunition supplied by the expedition, Tippu Tib had nothing with which to recruit. After several side trips, Barttelot decided to send Troup and the others on the sick list down the Congo, and 11 June 1888, after the arrival of a group of Manyema bringing Barttelot's total to 560, set off in search of Stanley. But

1292-676: Is a resource-rich continent. Recent growth has been due to growth in sales in commodities, services, and manufacturing. Rukungiri District is largely depended on agriculture(subsistence farming). Trade is the main economic activity in Rukungiri town below are some of the popular businesses in Rukungiri. Sonko Electronics, Bwoma Tea & Coffee factory, Lorycon Hotel, Okapi Hotel, Gesso Inn [1] The following points of interest are in Rukungiri District: Lake Edward Lake Edward (locally Rwitanzigye or Rweru )

1368-410: Is an important activity among local residents. Fauna living on the banks of the lake – including chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, and lions – are protected by the national parks. The area is also home to many perennial and migratory bird species. In the 1970s, Lake Edward held a population of around 29,000 hippos in and around the area of the lake. But due to an increase in poaching over

1444-546: Is causing a negative impact not only on the hippopotamus population, but the Lake Edward ecosystem and the local fishermen that depend on the lake for survival. The hippopotamus population is extremely important to the ecosystem of Lake Edward due to being a keystone species. Hippos produce dung, which feed tilapia, a once abundant fish species found in Lake Edward. One hippo could produce around 25 kilograms or 55 pounds of dung per day, which could feed thousands of tilapia within

1520-404: Is ever likely to fade from it. No one here seemed to be in the least astonished at it." According to the testimony of Jameson's colleague William Bonny, Jameson must have stayed around to watch while the girl was cooked and consumed, since the last of his six sketches (which he had shown Bonny) "represents the feast." The "six handkerchiefs" Jameson had paid were indeed valuable enough to purchase

1596-974: Is fed by the Nyamugasani River, the Ishasha River, the Rutshuru River , the Ntungwe River, and the Rwindi River. Lake George to the northeast empties into it via the Kazinga Channel . Lake Edward empties to the north via the Semliki River into Lake Albert . The western escarpment of the Great Rift Valley towers up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above the western shore of the lake. The southern and eastern shores are flat lava plains. The Ruwenzori Mountains are 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of

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1672-473: Is non-military—that is to say, its purpose is not to fight, destroy, or waste; its purpose is to save, to relieve distress, to carry comfort. Emin Pasha may be a good man, a brave officer, a gallant fellow deserving of a strong effort of relief, but I decline to believe, and I have not been able to gather from any one in England an impression, that his life, or the lives of the few hundreds under him, would overbalance

1748-890: Is one of the smaller African Great Lakes . It is located in the Albertine Rift , the western branch of the East African Rift , on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda , with its northern shore a few kilometres south of the equator . Welsh explorer Henry Morton Stanley first saw the lake in 1888, during the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . The lake was named in honour of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales , son of then British monarch Queen Victoria , and later to become King Edward VII. In 1973, Uganda and Zaire (DRC) renamed it Lake Idi Amin after Ugandan dictator Idi Amin . After his overthrow in 1979, it recovered its former name. In 2014,

1824-657: Is the birthplace of Kizza Besigye , who was a candidate for the Ugandan presidency in 2001, 2006,2011 and 2016. Other prominent Ugandans who hail from the district include: Edmund Paul Kalekyezi , Lawyer and trade advisor to the government of Guyana. Philemon Kitaburaza Karegyesa (deceased) former Secretary General of Kigezi Hon. Kham Karekaho Karegyesa (deceased) former Minister in Obote 2 Gov't and son of Omukama Karegyesa, king of Rujumbura, Mpororo Mr. Mathew Rukikaire Founding member of Uganda Patriotic Movement now National Resistance Movement Gen. Aronda Nyakairima (deceased),

1900-500: The Advance . On 18 April they received a letter from Emin, who had heard about the expedition a year earlier, and had come down the lake in March after hearing rumors of Stanley's arrival. Jephson was sent on ahead to the lake with the Advance , took the boat up to Mswa , and met Emin on 27 April 1888. Emin brought his steamer to the south end of the lake, and met Stanley there on the 29th, who

1976-635: The Baptist Mission and the Livingstone Inland Mission , whose protests were overridden, as well as the Florida , which was still under construction and so used as a barge. Even these were insufficient, so many of the stores were left at Leopoldville and more at Bolobo . At this point, Stanley also announced the division of the expedition: a "rear column" would encamp at Yambuya on the Aruwimi, while

2052-603: The Congo River and then through the Ituri rainforest to reach East Africa . The arduous journey caused Stanley to split the expedition into two columns; the advance column eventually reached Emin Pasha in July 1888. A series of mutinies, disagreements, and miscommunications forced Stanley and Emin to withdraw from Equatoria in early 1889. The expedition was initially celebrated for its ambition in crossing "Darkest Africa". However, soon after Stanley returned to Europe , it gained notoriety for

2128-465: The "Advance Column" pressed on to Equatoria. The voyage up the Congo started 1 May and was generally uneventful. At Bangala Station , Barttelot and Tippu Tib continued up to Stanley Falls in the Henry Reed , while Stanley took the Aruwimi to Yambuya. The inhabitants of Yambuya refused permission to reside in their village, so Stanley attacked and drove the villagers away, turning the deserted village into

2204-471: The 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) long Lake Katwe, occupies a crater 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) across and is separated from Lake Edward by just 300 metres (980 ft) of land. The crater is about 100 metres (330 ft) deep, and Lake Katwe's surface is about 40 metres (130 ft) lower than Lake Edward's. It is remarkable that the volcanic origin of this area southeast of the Ruwenzoris was not known until it

2280-403: The DRC to the northwest, which are respectively about 50 kilometres (31 mi) and 150 kilometres (93 mi) distant by road. Lake Edward is home to many species of fish, including populations of Bagrus docmak , Oreochromis niloticus , Oreochromis leucostictus , and over 50 species of Haplochromis and other haplochromine species, of which only 25 are formally described. Fishing

2356-652: The Egyptian government would abandon Equatoria. In July, he was encouraged by missionary Alexander Mackay to invite the British government to annex Equatoria itself. The government was not interested in such a doubtful venture, but the British public came to see Emin as a second General Gordon, in mortal danger from the Mahdists. Scottish businessman and philanthropist William Mackinnon had been involved in various colonial ventures, and by November he had approached Stanley about leading

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2432-581: The Emin Pasha Expedition), ostensibly gaining British protection for a number of African chiefs. Amongst these were a number that have long been identified as possible frauds. A good example is treaty number 56, supposedly agreed upon between Stanley and the people of "Mazamboni, Katto, and Kalenge ". These people had signed over to Stanley "the Sovereign Right and Right of Government over our country for ever in consideration of value received and for

2508-706: The Kazinga Channel as the remnant of the past union. To the south lies the May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano 30 kilometres (19 mi) away, and the Nyamuragira volcano in the western Virunga Mountains lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) south, but its lava flows have reached the lake in the past. The Katwe-Kikorongo field features dozens of large craters and cones covering an area of 30 kilometres (19 mi) by 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) between lakes Edward and George, and includes seven crater lakes. The largest of these,

2584-403: The Mahdists in 1899. Equatoria was incorporated as part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , nominally under British administration, though it remained isolated and underdeveloped well into the 20th century. From 1898 to 1900, a devastating sleeping sickness epidemic spread into territories that are now Democratic Republic of the Congo , western Uganda and south of Sudan . Native cattle traveling with

2660-671: The Sudanese and Egyptians were transported back to Egypt, some later returning to work for the IBEAC. Emin took service with the Germans in February, and the other Europeans returned to England. Stanley returned to Europe in May 1890 to tremendous public acclaim; both he and his officers received numerous awards, honorary degrees, and speaking engagements. In June alone his newly published book sold 150,000 copies. But

2736-428: The adulation was to be short-lived. By autumn, as the true cost of the expedition became known, and as the families of Barttelot and Jameson reacted to Stanley's accusations of incompetence in the rear column, criticism and condemnation became widespread. Samuel Baker called the story of the rear column "the most horrible and indecent exposure that I have ever heard of seen in print". Stanley's own use of violence during

2812-568: The deaths of so many of its members and reports of brutality. It was the last large-scale private expedition undertaken as part of the Scramble for Africa . With the capture of Khartoum by the Mahdists (followers of Islamic religious leader Muhammad Ahmad ) in 1885, the Ottoman-Egyptian administration of Sudan collapsed. Equatoria , the extreme southern province of the Sudan, was nearly cut off from

2888-573: The eastern African coast. In return, Leopold would provide his Free State steamers for the transportation of the expedition up the river, from Stanley Pool (now Pool Malebo ) as far as the mouth of the Aruwimi River . By 1 January 1887, Stanley was back in London preparing the expedition to widespread public acclaim. Stanley himself was intent that the expedition be one of humanitarian assistance rather than of military conquest. He declared: The expedition

2964-416: The ecosystem of Lake Edward are suffering. On July 6, 2018, there was a naval skirmish between the two nations of Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo on Lake Edward. This skirmish began as a result of Congolese naval vessels being sent to investigate reports of the Ugandan navy apprehending several Congolese fishing vessels , and civilians . This clash resulted in the death of one person, and

3040-400: The ecosystem. With the hippopotamus population declining due to poaching, the food they provide to the tilapia fish started to disappear as well. This has caused an immense decline in the tilapia population, as the decreasing hippo population cannot support the same amount of the tilapia fish species as it did before, causing a growing problem not only for the ecosystem, but the fishermen within

3116-583: The expedition also revived old criticisms that he was a "sham explorer" as well as doubts over the supposed humanitarian value of European exploration in Africa. In the end, the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition came to be the last expedition of its type; future African expeditions would be government-run in pursuit of military or political goals, or conducted purely for science. An Anglo-Egyptian force under Lord Kitchener managed to reconquer Sudan from

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3192-405: The expedition may have introduced the parasite into previously-unaffected regions. However, not all authors agree. It has been suggested that stories of the expedition — in particular, the disastrous plight of the "rear column" — inspired Joseph Conrad in his 1899 novella Heart of Darkness . Critic Adam Hochschild suggests that the character of Kurtz , the isolated and insane Congo trader,

3268-460: The expedition was looking down on Lake Albert . However, Emin was not there, and the locals had not seen a European in many years. Stanley decided to return to the village of Ibwiri on the plateau above the lake, where they built Fort Bodo. Stairs went back to Ipoto to collect men and equipment, and returned 12 February. A second trip went back to Ugarrowwa's to collect more equipment. Meanwhile, on 2 April Stanley returned to Lake Albert, this time with

3344-576: The expedition, loading the Madura , and negotiating. Stanley acted as a representative of Mackinnon in convincing the Sultan of Zanzibar to grant a concession for what later became the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC), and made two agreements with Tippu Tib . The first included appointing him as Governor of Stanley Falls , an arrangement much criticized in Europe as a deal with

3420-409: The families of Emin's Egyptian employees back along the just-pioneered route, along with a large store of ivory accumulated in Equatoria, while Stanley, Emin, and Emin's soldiers would proceed eastward to Zanzibar. Coincidentally, public doubts over the plan centered around whether it could be achieved; the possibility that Emin might not want to leave seems not to have been considered. The expedition

3496-542: The former minister of internal affairs and former Chief of Defence Forces of the UPDF Maj.Gen. Jim Muhwezi Minister of Security, Member of Parliament representing Rujumbura and former Minister of Education and Sports, former Minister of Health and former ISO Director General also serving as the head of NRM Veterans in the CEC Allen Kagina former URA Executive Director Bwengye Duncan, founder and CEO Octien Technologies

3572-559: The kingdoms of Ankole and Karagwe . Stanley made "treaties" with the various rulers; although it is most likely that these were not regarded as such by the locals, they were later used to establish IBEAC claims in the area. Lake Victoria was seen on 15 August, and the expedition reached Mackay's missionary station at Usambiro on 28 August. At this point they began to learn of the complicated changing situation in East Africa, with European colonial powers scrambling to stake their claims, and

3648-482: The lake was the center of an oil dispute. SOCO International entered the premises of the Virunga National Park where the lake is situated to prospect for oil. However, villagers and workers who attempted to stop the oil company from entering the area were beaten up and even kidnapped and tortured. Plans to redraw the lines of Virunga's boundaries and exclude the lake were taken into consideration. However, since

3724-399: The lake. The region shows much evidence of volcanic activity over the last 5000 years. The Katwe-Kikorongo and Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, with extensive cones and craters, lie either side of the Kazinga Channel on the northwest shore of the lake. It is thought that Lakes George and Edward used to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from these fields flowed in and divided it, leaving only

3800-438: The lake. Due to the decline of hippos in the area because of poaching, this has impacted the amount of tilapia in the lake, which has caused the fishermen in the nearby villages to suffer, as well as the rest of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Many markets are unable to sustain their own fish, now having to import fish from other areas to continue with their business. Though, the declining hippo populations are not

3876-480: The lives of thousands of natives, and the devastation of immense tracts of country which an expedition strictly military would naturally cause. The expedition is a mere powerful caravan, armed with rifles for the purpose of insuring the safe conduct of the ammunition to Emin Pasha, and for the more certain protection of his people during the retreat home. But it also has means of purchasing the friendship of tribes and chiefs, of buying food and paying its way liberally. In

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3952-591: The march soon disintegrated into chaos, with large-scale desertion and multiple trips to try to bring up stores; then on 19 July Barttelot was shot while trying to interfere with a Manyema festival. Jameson decided to go down to Bangala to bring up extra loads and left on 9 August, shortly before Stanley's arrival. Stanley was incensed at the state of the rear column, blaming them for lack of motion despite his previous orders that they wait for him at Yambuya. From surviving officers Stanley also heard stories of Barttelot's brutality and of another officer, James Sligo Jameson, who

4028-507: The matter had been placed before His Highness, but the Sultan's signature was difficult to obtain. The records at the National Archives at Kew , London, offer an even deeper insight and show that annexation was a purpose he had been aware of for the expedition. This is because there are a number of treaties curated there (and gathered by Stanley himself from what is present day Uganda during

4104-462: The mouth of the Congo on 18 March. Their arrival was somewhat unexpected, because a telegraph cable had broken and local officials had received no instructions. Chartered steamers brought the expedition to Matadi , where the carriers took over, bringing some 800 loads of stores and ammunition to Leopoldville on the Stanley Pool . Progress was slow, since the rainy season was at its height, and food

4180-740: The officers who were to accompany him to Africa: Stanley departed London on 21 January 1887 and arrived in Cairo on 27 January. Egyptian objections to the Congo route were overridden by a telegram from Lord Salisbury , and the expedition was permitted to march under the Egyptian flag. Stanley also met with Mason Bey , Schweinfurth , and Junker , who had more up-to-date information about Equatoria. Stanley left Cairo on 3 February, joined up with expedition members during stops in Suez and Aden , and arrived in Zanzibar on 22 February. The next three days were spent packing for

4256-427: The only threat to the tilapia in Lake Edward. Due to the decrease in tilapia populations, spawning areas and fisheries for the fish are off limits to fishermen. But some rebel groups as well as robbers or illegal fishers are trying their luck at these areas, often causing even more problems when trying to conserve and increase the tilapia population in the area. Because of this, many villages around Lake Edward as well as

4332-456: The outside world, as it was located on the upper reaches of the Nile near Lake Albert . Emin Pasha was a German Jewish -born Ottoman doctor and naturalist who had been appointed Governor of Equatoria by Charles George Gordon , the British general who himself had attempted to relieve Khartoum. Emin, able to send and receive letters via Buganda and Zanzibar , had been informed in February 1886 that

4408-490: The park is a world heritage site and the lake is part of it, such plans naturally go against the World Heritage Convention . Lake Edward lies at an elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft), is 77 kilometres (48 mi) long by 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its maximum points, and covers a total surface area of 2,325 square kilometres (898 sq mi), making it the 15th-largest on the continent. The lake

4484-537: The past 5400 years. The similarly sized Bunyaruguru field on the other side of the Kazinga Channel contains about 30 crater lakes, some of which are larger than Katwe. Lake Edward lies completely within the Virunga National Park (Congo) and the Queen Elizabeth National Park (Uganda) and does not have extensive human habitation on its shores, except at Ishango (DRC) in the north, home to

4560-455: The population of the district was estimated at 230,100. The 2002 national census estimated the population at 275,200. The district annual population growth rate was calculated at 1.6 percent. In 2012, the population was estimated at 321,300. Employment in urban centers is scarce, with many qualified candidates clamoring for the few available positions. The economy of Rukungiri relies on trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources. Africa

4636-493: The protection he has accorded us and our Neighbours against KabbaRega and his Warasura". The expedition was planned to go to Cairo , then to Zanzibar to hire porters , then south of Africa, around the Cape to the mouth of the Congo, up the Congo by Leopold's steamers, branching off at the Aruwimi River . Stanley intended to establish a camp on the Aruwimi, then go east overland through unknown territory to reach Lake Albert and Equatoria. He then expected that Emin would send

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4712-511: The same time the Mahdists had been capturing additional stations of Equatoria. Since Stanley's arrival, numerous rumours had gone around about Emin's intentions and the likely fate of the soldiers, and in August of the previous year matters had come to a head; a number of officers rebelled, deposed Emin as governor, and kept him and Jephson under a sort of house arrest in Dufile until November. Even so, Emin

4788-461: The villages that surround Lake Edward. Being so close to Lake Edward, the villages that are within the area often rely on the fish, specifically tilapia, to support their families with food and money. In the past, Lake Edward could support the fish demand for the entire eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The lake had a production capacity of between 15,000 and 20,000 metric tons of tilapia annually, with an estimate of around 700 fishing canoes on

4864-703: The wounding of three others. Early reports by local Congolese officials claim that seven were killed in the clash, however, this has not been backed up by either national government. On July 9, North Kivu official Muhindo Kyakwa claimed twelve Congolese fishermen had been killed in the clashes. Emin Pasha Relief Expedition British-Egyptian expeditions (1885–1889) Ethiopian campaigns (1885–1889) Italian campaigns (1890–1894) British-Egyptian reconquest (1896–1899) The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition of 1887 to 1889

4940-458: The years, there has been a 95% decline in the population, with the population plummeting to only a few hundred by the end of 2006. A terrestrial census was conducted in 2019 assessing that the population was now at 1,500 individuals. The hippopotamus is often poached for its large amount of meat as well as the ivory found in its teeth. Fueled by the high prices that hippo meat and ivory fetch, poachers are consistently hunting for these animals, which

5016-407: Was all a joke ..., but presently a man appeared, leading a young girl of about ten years old at the hand, and I then witnessed the most horribly sickening sight I am ever likely to see in my life. He plunged a knife quickly into her breast twice, and she fell on her face, turning over on her side. Three men then ran forward, and began to cut up the body of the girl; finally her head was cut off, and not

5092-404: Was alleged to have purchased a young female slave and given her to cannibals so he could record her being killed and eaten. In his posthumously published diary, Jameson admitted that he had indeed paid for the girl and watched as she was butchered, but claimed that he considered the whole affair a joke and had not expected her to actually be killed. I sent my boy for six handkerchiefs, thinking it

5168-401: Was one of the last major European expeditions into the interior of Africa in the nineteenth century. Led by Henry Morton Stanley , its goal was ostensibly the relief of Emin Pasha , the besieged Egyptian governor of Equatoria (part of modern-day South Sudan ), who was threatened by Mahdist forces. Stanley set out to traverse the continent with a force of nearly 700 men, navigating up

5244-466: Was reported by G. F. Scott Elliot in 1894. Stanley visited Lake Katwe in 1889 and noted the deep depression, the salinity of the lake, and a spring of sulphurous water nearby, but he failed to connect this to volcanism. High-resolution analyses of the elemental composition of calcite and biogenic silica (BSi) content in piston cores from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability and lacustrine geochemistry over

5320-454: Was short – a problem that was to be persistent throughout the expedition (the area along the route rarely had spare food for 1,000 hardworking men, as it was a subsistence economy ). On 21 April, the expedition arrived at Leopoldville. King Leopold had promised a flotilla of river steamers, but only one worked: the Stanley . Stanley requisitioned two ( Peace and Henry Reed ) from missionaries of

5396-416: Was still reluctant to abandon the province. By 17 February all the surviving members of the expedition, and Emin with a group of about 65 loyal soldiers, met at Stanley's camp above Lake Albert, and during the subsequent weeks several hundred more of Emin's followers, many of them the families of the soldiers, assembled there. Emin still had not expressed a firm intention to leave Equatoria, and 5 April, after

5472-487: Was surprised to find the figure of Emin to have "not a trace on it of ill-health or anxiety", and celebrated with three bottles of champagne that had been carried all the way up the Congo. Emin provided Stanley with food and other supplies, thus rescuing the rescuers. At this point things became difficult. Emin was primarily interested in ammunition and other supplies, and a communications route, all of which would assist him in remaining in Equatoria, while Stanley's main goal

5548-514: Was the largest and best-equipped to go to Africa; a 28-foot steel boat named the Advance was designed to be divided into 12 sections for carrying over land, and Hiram Maxim presented the expedition with one of his recently invented Maxim guns , which was the first to be brought to Africa. Merely 'exhibiting' the gun was thought to be a scare, which would spare the expedition problems with hostile natives. The Relief Committee received 400 applications by hopeful participants. From these, Stanley chose

5624-519: Was to bring Emin out. A month of discussion produced no agreement, and on 24 May Stanley went back to Fort Bodo, arriving there 8 June and meeting Stairs, who had returned from Ugarrowwa's with just fourteen surviving men. On the way Stanley saw the Ruwenzori Mountains for the first time (although Parke and Jephson had seen them on 20 April). On 16 June, Stanley left the fort in search of the rear column; no word of or from them had been received in

5700-448: Was to get the Sultan to sign the concessions which Mackinnon tried to obtain a long time ago. As the Germans have magnificent territory east of Zanzibar, it was but fair that England should have some portion for the protection she has accorded to Zanzibar since 1841 ... The concession that we wished to obtain embraced a portion of East African coast, of which Mombasa and Melindi were the principal towns. For eight years, to my knowledge,

5776-630: Was unprepared for the extreme difficulties of travel through the Ituri rainforest and did not reach the lake until December. Only 169 of the 389 who set out from Yambuya were still alive. The trees of the forest were so tall and dense that little light reached the floor, food was scarcely to be found, and the local Pygmies took the expedition for an Arab raiding party, shooting at them with poisoned arrows . The expedition stopped at two Arab settlements, Ugarrowwa's and Ipoto, in each case leaving more of their equipment behind in exchange for food. The forest eventually gave way to grassland, and on 13 December

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