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33-484: It was created in 1866 by Peter Grossman, a German-born musician and instrumentalist, who created what was then known as the 13th Battalion Band, at the request of the commander of the 13th Battalion Voluntary Militia. Grossman, who had been the bandmaster of the Hamilton Artillery Band (founded in 1856), led the 13th Battalion Band until 1869. He was eventually succeeded in the long term by George R. Robinson, who

66-596: A catastrophic cholera epidemic ravaged the lower Euphrates and Tigris regions of what is now Iraq and Iran . In Shushtar , Iran, about half of the city's inhabitants died from cholera. The Mandaean community was hit particularly hard, and all of their priests died in the plague. Yahya Bihram told Julius Heinrich Petermann that there were only 1,500 Mandaean survivors after the plague. The epidemic reached Great Britain in October 1831, appearing in Sunderland , where it

99-450: A liquid like rice-water or whey, or barley-water, come on; the features become sharp and contracted, the eye sinks, the look is expressive of terror and wildness; the lips, face, neck, hands, and feet, and soon after the thighs, arms, and whole surface assume a leaden, blue, purple, black, or deep brown tint according to the complexion of the individual, varying in shade with the intensity of the attack. The fingers and toes are reduced in size,

132-441: A preventive the burning of "decayed articles, such as rags, cordage, papers, old clothes, hangings...filth of every description removed, clothing and furniture should be submitted to copious effusions of water, and boiled in a strong ley (lye); drains and privies thoroughly cleansed by streams of water and chloride of lime...free and continued admission of fresh air to all parts of the house and furniture should be enjoined for at least

165-474: A two-year college education almost entirely subsidised by the state – one of the first forms of state-sponsored social mobility – graduates of the college were supposed to teach pauper and delinquent boys in specially built district schools. Though Kneller Hall itself was generously funded by the state, the larger scheme to build district schools never came to fruition owing to political and religious conflict (see Newcastle Commission ). The college closed when it

198-428: A very great number of cases of the disease, have not been profuse, or have been arrested by medicine early in the attack, succeed. It is evident that the most urgent and peculiar symptom of this disease is the sudden depression of the vital powers: proved by the diminished action of the heart, the coldness of the surface and extremities, and the stagnant state of the whole circulation. From September 1831 to January 1832,

231-501: A week". Based on the reports of two English doctors who had observed the epidemic in Saint Petersburg , the board of health published a detailed description of the disease's symptoms and onset: Giddiness, sick stomach, nervous agitation, intermittent, slow, or small pulse, cramps beginning at the tops of the fingers and toes, and rapidly approaching the trunk, give the first warning. Vomiting or purging, or both these evacuations of

264-497: A week. At the time of Robinson's retirement in 1917, his son William succeeded his father and served as bandmaster until 1924. He was succeeded by David Anderson, who served for 10 years before returning to lead the band for the rest of the 1930s. The band was disbanded in 1957, and the reconstituted in 1962 for the regimental centennial, supporting the RHLI for 10 years before it was disbanded again in 1972 and once again revived in 1992 under

297-651: Is a Grade II listed mansion in Whitton , in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames . It housed the Royal Military School of Music , training musicians for the British Army , which acquired the building in the mid-19th century. It was also home to the school's Museum of Army Music. The Army vacated the site on 31 August 2021. The first house on the site was built by Edmund Cooke between 1635 and 1646 and in 1664

330-423: Is nearly gone; the respiration quick, irregular, and imperfectly performed. The patient speaks in a whisper. He struggles for breath, and often lays his hand on his heart to point out the seat of his distress. Sometimes there are rigid spasms of the legs, thighs, and loins. The secretion of urine is totally suspended; vomiting and purgings, which are far from being the most important or dangerous symptoms, and which in

363-656: The Ganges Delta in India. From there, the disease spread along trade routes to cover most of India. By 1828, the disease had traveled to China. Cholera was also reported in China in 1826 and 1835, and in Japan in 1831. In 1829, Iran was apparently infected with cholera from Afghanistan. Cholera reached the southern tips of the Ural Mountains in 1829. On 26 August 1829, the first cholera case

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396-671: The Northeastern United States . In 1900 the band was invited to give a concert for the Maple Leaf Club of Denver, Colorado . In 1901, the band was chosen to play at a state dinner in Toronto honouring of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall (later King George V and Mary of Teck ). For many years, the band gave weekly public concerts in the regimental drill shed, while during the summer it often filled as many as five or six engagements

429-587: The Russian Empire caused by the government's anticholera measures. By early 1831, frequent reports of the spread of the pandemic in Russia prompted the British government to issue quarantine orders for ships sailing from Russia to British ports. By late summer, with the disease appearing more likely to spread to Britain, its board of health, in accordance with the prevailing miasma theory , issued orders recommending as

462-511: The 19th and 20th centuries. This first pandemic spread over an unprecedented range of territory, affecting many countries throughout Asia. Historians believe that the first pandemic had lingered in Indonesia and the Philippines in 1830. Although not much is known about the journey of the cholera pandemic in east India, many believe that this pandemic began, like the first, with outbreaks along

495-521: The 19th-century, and as such, researchers consider it a defining epidemic disease of the century. The medical community now believes cholera to be exclusively a human disease, spread through many means of travel during the time, and transmitted through warm fecal-contaminated river waters and contaminated foods. During the second pandemic, the scientific community varied in its beliefs about the causes of cholera. The first cholera pandemic (1817–24) began near Kolkata and spread throughout Southeast Asia to

528-470: The British thought the disease might rise from divine intervention. Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland wrote a stage play inspired by the pandemic, which had reached Norway . In The Indian Cholera ( Den indiske Cholera , 1835), he set his play in Colonial India , lambasting the poor response to the pandemic by authorities. As a result of the epidemic, the medical community developed a major advance,

561-618: The Middle East, eastern Africa, and the Mediterranean coast. While cholera had spread across India many times previously, this outbreak went farther; it reached as far as China and the Mediterranean Sea before receding. Hundreds of thousands of people died as a result of this pandemic , including many British soldiers , which attracted European attention. This was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during

594-483: The building. Calvert died of cholera in 1832 and his widow inhabited until her death about 1845. The house was then acquired by the government as a teacher training college , but it needed substantial reconstruction. By 1850 much of the Wren bulk of the house had become dilapidated and so was demolished. The Hardwick additions were preserved to form the wings of the new house, designed by George Mair . This third building on

627-463: The causes of cholera. In France, doctors believed cholera was associated with the poverty of certain communities or poor environment. Russians believed the disease was contagious, although doctors did not understand how it spread. The United States believed that cholera was brought by recent immigrants, specifically the Irish, and epidemiologists understand they were carrying disease from British ports. Lastly,

660-509: The direction of Major Michael A. Rehill. The RHLI Band is composed of the following ensembles: The RHLI Band musical schedule includes several activities: Since 1992, the band has also performed at numerous military tattoos , festivals and celebrations. The following is a list of the numerous notable performances the band has given in its existence: Kneller Hall 51°27′18″N 0°21′3″W  /  51.45500°N 0.35083°W  / 51.45500; -0.35083 Kneller Hall

693-694: The disease to Poland in February 1831. There were reported to have been 250,000 cases of cholera and 100,000 deaths in Russia. In 1831, it is estimated that up to 100,000 deaths occurred in Hungary . The cholera epidemic struck Warsaw during the November Uprising between 16 May and 20 August 1831; 4,734 people fell ill and 2,524 died. The epidemic of cholera brought to Poland and East Prussia by Russian soldiers forced Prussian authorities to close their borders to Russian transports. There were Cholera Riots in

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726-498: The headquarters moved out to St Paul's School in July 1940. On 18 January 2016 defence minister Mark Lancaster announced that Kneller Hall was one of 12 Ministry of Defence (MoD) sites proposed to be sold as part of the MoD's drive for greater efficiency. In November 2016 the MoD announced that the site would close in 2020. This was later extended to 31 August 2021. In September 2021 it

759-400: The house was sold to Sir Samuel Prime, a prominent London lawyer, who, with his son of the same name, extended it significantly and landscaped the grounds. After Samuel Prime junior died in 1813, the hall was sold to Charles Calvert , Whig MP for Southwark from 1812 to 1832. He further expanded the house (to designs by Philip Hardwick ), adding drawing rooms at the east and west ends of

792-407: The near left and right bays, each tower crowned by a stone and leaded ogee -shaped cupola . Its gatepiers and house are separately listed by Historic England at Grade II. From 1850 to 1856 Kneller Hall served as a teacher training college under principal Frederick Temple and vice-principal Francis Turner Palgrave , known for his poetry anthology Palgrave's Golden Treasury . In exchange for

825-526: The passage of the landmark Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63) and the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts, 1848 and 1849, in England. In mid-1832, 57 Irish immigrants died who had been laying a stretch of railroad called Duffy's Cut , 30 miles west of Philadelphia. They had all contracted cholera. During the second pandemic, the scientific community varied in its beliefs about

858-471: The site, which still stands today, is stone-corniced, casemented and constructed as to its ground floor central range and otherwise built of red bricks, all in the neo- Jacobethan style suitable to 19th and 20th century mansions of its scale. It consists of 17 bays, the central of which is the widest and of stained glass and the two adjacent of which are arrow-slit windows. The bays are split into five recessed or projecting ranges. Two square, pavilion towers form

891-430: The skin and soft parts covering them are wrinkled, shrivelled and folded. The nails put on a bluish pearly white; the larger superficial veins are marked by flat lines of a deeper black; the pulse becomes either small as a thread, and scarcely vibrating, or else totally extinct. The skin is deadly cold and often damp, the tongue always moist, often white and loaded, but flabby and chilled like a piece of dead flesh. The voice

924-503: Was a graduate of the RSMS ( Kneller Hall ), London . He is best known for keeping the entire band in line with the latest developments in American military bands, adding clarinets , saxophones , french horns , flutes , oboes , and bassoons to the ensemble by the end of his tenure. During its first 10 years in existence the-40-piece band successfully toured areas throughout Eastern Canada and

957-701: Was announced that the hall would become the Upper School for Radnor House School, Twickenham, currently housed in Pope's Villa . 1826%E2%80%931837 cholera pandemic#1830s The second cholera pandemic (1826–1837), also known as the Asiatic cholera pandemic , was a cholera pandemic that reached from India across Western Asia to Europe , Great Britain , and the Americas , as well as east to China and Japan . Cholera caused more deaths than any other epidemic disease in

990-779: Was carried by passengers on a ship from the Baltic. It also appeared in Gateshead and Newcastle . In London, the disease claimed 6,536 victims; in Paris, 20,000 died (out of a population of 650,000), with about 100,000 deaths in all of France. In 1832, the epidemic reached Quebec , Ontario , and Nova Scotia in Canada and Detroit and New York City in the United States. It reached the Pacific coast of North America between 1832 and 1834. The pandemic prompted

1023-629: Was recorded in Orenburg with reports of outbreaks in Bugulma (7 November), Buguruslan (5 December), Menzelinsk (2 January 1830), and Belebey (6 January). With 3,500 cases including 865 fatal ones in Orenburg province, the epidemic stopped by February 1830. The second cholera pandemic spread from Russia to the rest of Europe, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives. By 1831, the epidemic had infiltrated Russia's main cities and towns. Russian soldiers brought

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1056-480: Was the fourth largest house in Twickenham . In 1709 the property was purchased by Sir Godfrey Kneller , court painter to British monarchs from Charles II to George I . He had the original house demolished and replaced by a new building, reputedly designed by Sir Christopher Wren . This second house was known as Whitton Hall , after the village, but was renamed by Kneller's widow, in memory of her husband. In 1757,

1089-645: Was unable to attract any more students, who were now expected to teach in miserable conditions in Britain's workhouses . On 3 March 1857 the building was taken over by the War Office as the base for a school for army bandsmen; it then evolved into the Royal Military School of Music . During the Second World War the site was briefly the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces from late 1939 until

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