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103-511: The present-day Corps is a rapid reaction force that can be deployed to any location in the world within a maximum of 48 hours. The marines are capable of operating in all environments and climates, specialising in expeditionary warfare , amphibious warfare , arctic warfare and mountain warfare . The core fighting element of the corps consists of two battalion -sized Marine Combat Groups (MCGs) which are supplemented by various combat support and combat service support squadrons . In addition,

206-450: A Headquarters, 3 Raiding troops, and the following supporting units a Fast Raiding, Interception and Special Forces Craft (FRISC) troop (with 12 boats), and a combat service support troop for transport, logistics, maintenance and medical care. The Marine Training Command (MTC) is tasked with the validation, qualification and training of all operational units of the Corps. Furthermore, the command

309-588: A Landing Craft Control Team Light and a Landing Craft Control Team Heavy. The Amphibious Support Group provides logistical support for the SATG. The LCU Troop fields five Landing Craft Utility with their crews, while the LCVP Troop fields 12 LCVPs with their crews. The FRISC Squadron fields three troops: a troop with Raiding Crafts for the Marine Combat Groups, a troop with Maritime Counter Terrorism Crafts (MCT) for

412-607: A Major and consist of 87 men. Each RSTA Squadron fields a forward Observer Troop with four Fire Support Teams of six men each, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System section with AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven and AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma UAVs, a Reconnaissance Sniper Troop, a Mortar Troop with L16 81mm mortars and a Low Altitude Air Defense section. In addition, the RSTA Squadron staff provides Joint Fires Cells for its Marine Combat Group in order to coordinate all types of fire support. The Combat Support Squadrons consist of 114 men and field

515-912: A Navy field hospital (FDS) were stationed in Cambodia as part of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). The marines were deployed following the 1991 Paris peace treaty when the civil war was ended, they were tasked with providing safe passage to refugees, disarming rebel groups and organising fair elections. Marines have deployed to Former Yugoslavia during multiple deployments, including in Bosnia , Kosovo and Macedonia . Marines of 1st Mortars Company were deployed near Sarajevo in 1995 with their MO-120 RT 120mm mortars in order to neutralise Serbian mortar and artillery positions. The Marines were part of multinational brigade. For example, Marine Special Forces were tasked with

618-442: A base, as well as English Ports. By the end of 1569, already 84 Sea Beggars ships were in action. The Sea Beggars were also adept at land borne operations, which made capturing coastal cities attractive. They were under the command of a succession of daring and reckless leaders, the best-known of whom is William de la Marck, Lord of Lumey , At first they were content merely to plunder both by sea and land, carrying their booty to

721-665: A black necktie and headgear ( beret or peaked cap ). The uniform can be supplemented with brown leather gloves, decorations worn in Prussian arrangement and a belt with a holster . The mess dress uniform is worn during formal occasions, such as a dinner or a ball and consists of a smoking , complemented with a peaked cap and miniature medals. Rapid reaction force A rapid reaction force / rapid response force ( RRF ), quick reaction force / quick response force ( QRF ), immediate reaction force ( IRF ), rapid deployment force ( RDF ), or quick maneuver force ( QMF )

824-551: A claim to command and precedence over those from the other admiralties, even though the Amsterdam Admiralty was the largest and richest admiralty that often fitted out the largest part of the fleet. The Bevelhebber van 's-Landts vloot thus invariably was employed by the Rotterdam admiralty. When in 1665/1666 the other admiralties also appointed lieutenant-admirals, Rotterdam appointed two: one to serve as confederal bevelhebber ,

927-466: A discount subsidized by the different Admiralties. The extraordinary captains thus acted as a victualing service. While cheap to buy, with the subsidy from the Admiralites, the profit on the supplies to the extraordinary captains could amount to thousands of guilders. The cost and profit on these supplies were the main income of these extraordinary captains. The sailors came mainly from the proletariat and

1030-692: A huge merchant fleet (with more ships than all other countries in Europe combined) and now had a dominant position in the European market in general, and the Baltic trade in particular. They had further conquered most of the Portuguese territories in the East Indies, creating a monopoly in the highly profitable spice trade, and gained more and more influence on maritime trade between England and its North American colonies. Under

1133-685: A joint commander (" gezamenlijke bevelvoerder ") of the naval admirals, a chief or as he came to be called the Chef of Ghemaghtigde der Staeten op 's-Landts Vloot (Chief Representative of the States on the Nation's Fleet). During the Stadholderless times when no Admiral General was appointed the supreme authority of the fleet resided in the States-General in the person of the Chef . From time to time, especially during

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1236-782: A large organized support force immediately. Dutch States Navy The Dutch States Navy ( Dutch : Staatse vloot ) was the navy of the Dutch Republic from 1588 to 1795. Coming into existence during the Eighty Years' War , the States Navy played a major role in expanding and protecting the Dutch colonial empire , in addition to participating in numerous conflicts with rival European powers. The States Navy consisted of five admiralties , which were respectively based in Amsterdam , Friesland ,

1339-513: A main mission of security and reconnaissance . A quick reaction force belongs directly to the commander of the unit it is created from and is typically held in the reserve. A rapid deployment force (RDF) is a military formation that is capable of fast deployment outside their country's borders. They typically consist of well-trained military units (special forces, paratroopers, marines, etc.) that can be deployed fairly quickly or on short notice, usually from other major assets and without requiring

1442-531: A new grade of Lieutenant Admiral General. He was not Admiral-General, to emphasize that the authority of the 1672 appointment of Stadholder Prince William III was not affected. After the death of De Ruyter in 1676 this rank was offered to Cornelis Tromp on 6 February 1679 to persuade him to be commander in chief of the Dutch navy. The delay was due to the fact that Tromp was in the Danish service as their Admiral General. After

1545-668: A staff, an Assault Engineer Troop, an Anti-Armour Troop, and an Armoured All-Terrain Vehicle Troop. Each of these three troops fields three identical sections, with each section supporting one Raiding Squadron of the Marine Combat Group. The Assault Engineer Troop also provides Improvised Explosive Device detection capabilities. The Anti-Armour Troop provides direct fire support with Spike anti-tank guided missiles . The Armoured All-Terrain Vehicle Troop provides Bv 206S and BvS 10 armoured all-terrain personnel carriers to transport

1648-586: A team of divers to clear mines, barriers and other obstacles from landing beaches. The Seabased Support Group (SSG) fields 98 men and coordinates maritime operational logistic support for Marine units embarked on one the Rotterdam-class amphibious transport docks . The Seabased Support Group fields an Equipment Support Troop, a Weapons and Ammo Troop, a Workshop and Transport Troop and a Communications and Information Systems (CIS) Troop. The 32nd Raiding Squadron (Dutch Caribbean Forces) consists of 153 personnel and

1751-484: Is a military or police unit capable of responding to emergencies in a very short time frame. A quick reaction force (QRF) is an armed military unit capable of rapidly responding to developing situations, usually to assist allied units in need of assistance. They are equipped to respond to any type of emergency within a short time frame, often only a few minutes, based on unit standard operating procedures (SOPs). Cavalry units are frequently postured as QRFs, with

1854-631: Is an example of such disbandments. A new Marine unit was raised on 20 March 1801 during the time of the Batavian Republic and on 14 August 1806 the Korps Koninklijke Grenadiers van de Marine was raised under King Louis Bonaparte . The modern Korps Mariniers dates back to 1814, receiving its current name in 1817. In 1667, led by Admiral van Ghent, and their new commander, the Englishman Colonel Thomas Dolman,

1957-492: Is due to be replaced by new uniforms in the Netherlands Fractal Pattern from 2023 onwards. Operators of NLMARSOF and other selected units wear combat uniforms in the commercial MultiCam pattern. The service dress uniform can be worn during everyday office, barracks and non-field duty purposes. The uniform consists of trousers with red pipings and a jacket (both in dark-blue fabric), a white dress shirt with

2060-575: Is headed by the Korpscommandant , an officer in the rank of Brigadier General . All operational units fall under the command of the Groepscommandant Operationele Eenheden Mariniers (GC-OEM, Group Commander Operational Units Marines). The brigade-level command element Netherlands Maritime Force (NLMARFOR) is the expeditionary operational staff headquarters which is commanded by a Colonel . The core fighting element of

2163-467: Is more emphasis on various other tactics in amphibious warfare, and it will take about a year to become MARSOC (Maritime Special Operations Capable) certified, which will last for two years. SOCs are able to operate within any environment in the world, under any condition and circumstance. Therefore Dutch marines regularly train in arctic , jungle , desert , high-altitude , maritime and urban conditions, and embark on various training missions throughout

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2266-479: Is responsible for maintaining adequate readiness and quality through the implementation of stringent training standards. Its training programs are adapted to the programs of its fleet equivalent, the Sea Training Command (STC), in order to maximise efficiency and interoperability of the marines and the fleet. The command is headed by a Colonel. The Marine Education Centre ( Mariniersopleidingscentrum , MOC)

2369-700: Is stationed in Aruba and is responsible for the defence of the Netherlands Antilles . The 32nd Raiding Squadron falls operationally under the command of the Naval Commander of the Caribbean (CZMCARIB). 32nd Raiding Squadron is stationed at the Korps Mariniers Barracks Savaneta (Aruba). Marines on Aruba also participate in anti-drug operations. The squadron is commanded by a Major and consists of

2472-532: Is tasked with conducting the full spectrum of special operations abroad. C-Squadron fields three troops; two frogman troops specialised in underwater operations and one mountain leader troop specialised in mountain warfare. C-Squadron can be deployed by submarine, parachute, various underwater transport and snowmobiles. The Training Squadron (T-Squadron) trains all aspiring MARSOF operators in addition to providing operational training. The Special Operations Forces Support Group (SOFSG) provides operational support while

2575-658: Is tasked with the selection, training and education of new marine recruits. The MOC provides all marine basic training and is based at the Van Ghent Barracks in Rotterdam , headed by a Lieutenant Colonel. The majority of the operational units are based at the Van Braam Houckgeestkazerne in Doorn , in the province of Utrecht . These barracks are the headquarters of the Marine Combat Groups, Sea-based Support Group, and

2678-622: Is the SOF element of the Corps. NLMARSOF consists of two operational squadrons, a training squadron, a logistic element and a support group. The Maritime Counter Terrorism Squadron (M-Squadron) consists of three troops and is tasked with combating large-scale and complex domestic terrorist threats. It operates as an integral element of the Dienst Speciale Interventies (DSI) of the National Police . The Conventional Squadron (C-Squadron)

2781-794: The Korps Commandotroepen (KCT) in the Special Operations Task Groups Orange, Task Force Viper and Task Force 55 from 2006 until 2010. C-Squadron of NLMARSOF has deployed to Afghanistan since 2018 as part of the Resolute Support Mission . Together with KCT operators they form the Special Operations Advisory Team (SOAT), which is tasked with providing training and assistance to the Afghan police tactical unit Afghan Territorial Force 888 (ATF-888) of

2884-562: The Antilla in Aruba in 1940. When the Dutch capitulation was declared and the Marines abandoned their positions, the German commander was surprised to encounter only a handful of troops emerge in their black uniforms. The Oberleutnant ordered his men to salute them out of respect for their bravery and labeled them die schwarzen Teufel ("The Black Devils"). During the German occupation of

2987-614: The Afghan National Police . Since 2008 marines have been deployed as boarding teams aboard naval ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy , tasked with conducting counterpiracy operations off the coast of East Africa . The Dutch marines received international attention following the Action of 5 April 2010 , during which the container ship MV Taipan was liberated from Somali pirates by an NLMARSOF boarding team. The operation

3090-619: The Battle of Solebay , two-thirds of the Marines were withdrawn from the Dutch States Navy and formed into a brigade in order to reinforce the Dutch States Army , which consisted largely of mercenaries , in anticipation of a potential English invasion. They returned to their ships in time to help prevent any such invasion by defeating a Anglo-French fleet at the Battle of Texel on 21 August 1673. Led by Gerolf van Isselmuyden, they served in

3193-659: The Battle of the Netherlands in World War II , a Korps Mariniers unit in Rotterdam which was preparing to ship out to the Dutch East Indies successfully defended the bridges across the Maas , preventing German paratroopers in the centre of the city from rendez-vousing with conventional German infantry. The Germans ended the stalemate by bombing Rotterdam . The threat of an attack by Marines caused its German captain to scuttle

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3296-889: The Bosnian War , the Iraq War , the War in Afghanistan and the Mali War . Additionally, the Corps conducts counterpiracy operations in the Gulf of Aden and provides Vessel Protection Detachments (VPDs) to Dutch merchant ships . The Netherlands Marine Corps uphold close international relations with the Royal Marines , the United States Marine Corps , the Sea Battalion (German: Seebataillon ) and

3399-634: The French–Habsburg rivalry . It also played a major role in protecting Dutch overseas trade, including Dutch involvement in the triangular trade and the Atlantic slave trade . As a result of the War of the First Coalition , the Dutch Republic ceased to exist in 1795, being succeeded by the Batavian Republic ; the States Navy was correspondingly transformed into the Batavian Navy . The current navy of

3502-958: The Glorious Revolution , England and the Republic fought as allies against France in the Nine Years' War and War of the Spanish Succession . The battle shifted from the North Sea and the English Channel to the French coast and the Mediterranean, where the Dutch fleet sailed against the squadrons of Louis XIV and the Barbary pirates . In the 18th century the States fleet could no longer compete against Britain and France. An ambitious building program in

3605-839: The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The second battalion and the field hospital were deployed in Mazar-e Sharif in 2005 to provide security during the elections. Marines and Navy personnel were also stationed in the Provincial Reconstruction Team in pol-e-Khomri, province of Baghlan. They took over from the Dutch Airforce and Army in 2005 and were relieved in October 2006 when Hungarian forces took over. Formerly Marines have served in Uruzgan as

3708-529: The Iraqi Special Operations Forces as part of the International military intervention against ISIL . A&A teams cooperated with the Korps Commandotroepen by providing advice and assistance to Iraqi troops in the fight against ISIL. From 18 November 2003 until 19 February 2004, one platoon of Dutch Marines was deployed on board HNLMS  Rotterdam , a Landing platform dock (LPD) of

3811-570: The Japanese in the Dutch East Indies. The Japanese surrendered before such landings were needed, but the Mariniersbrigade , fully trained and equipped, left North Carolina in six transports in 1945 and fought against Indonesian insurgents in the Indonesian War of Independence . The mariniers were part of the A Division, which was itself commanded by a Korps Mariniers officer. The brigade

3914-553: The Kingdom of Holland . After the French period (1814), it became the Department of the Navy of the Royal Netherlands Navy that is the direct successor to the Dutch Fleet. see Lieutenant Admiral-General In 1588 Supreme Command of the Fleet was given by the States General to Prince Maurits as commander in chief of the army and navy. In the case of the navy, his rank was " Admiral General ". Maurice's successors as princes of Orange, as Stadholder of Holland, Zealand, etc., were appointed, in addition to their role as Captain General of

4017-516: The Netherlands , the Royal Netherlands Navy , is the modern successor of the States Navy and inherited many of its traditions. Naval policy in the Netherlands was originally decentralized. Each port area would fit out fleets to combat pirates and other threats to navigation paid for by the local merchants. The title of Admiral (from the Arabic emir-al-bahr "commander [or prince] of the sea") for naval commanders of ships which protected commercial convoys against piracy already existed temporary in

4120-400: The Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces (NLMARSOF) are capable of conducting the full spectrum of special operations . Throughout its history, the Marines have seen action in a number of major conflicts including the Anglo-Dutch Wars , the War of the Spanish Succession and World War II . In recent history the Marines have regularly been deployed in stabilisation roles such as

4223-443: The Ordinance on the Admiralty issued 8 January. The admiralty of Flanders was made a vice-admiralty and subordinated to the Admiralty at Veere. Still, the interests of the central government did not always match those of the regions, so that the gewesten (the various provinces, such as counties and territories, constituting the Netherlands) regularly sent our their own fleets. The Dutch Navy began with and traces its roots back to

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4326-455: The Royal Marines , training programmes are highly similar for both organisations. Although women have been allowed to join the Korps Mariniers since the beginning of 2017, no woman has successfully completed basic training yet. Depending on the educational background, there are two career possibilities to become a Dutch marine: enlisted marine and marine officer . An overview of marine training courses: During operational training, there

4429-431: The Royal Netherlands Navy to provide logistical support for United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). Between 2005 and 2006, Major General of the Marines Patrick Cammaert was appointed division commander of the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) by UN secretary general Kofi Annan . From 11 January 2002 to July 2010, marines were deployed in Afghanistan as part of

4532-570: The Sea Beggars . In 1569 William of Orange , who had now openly placed himself at the head of the party of revolt, granted letters of marque as monarch of the sovereign Principality of Orange , to a number of vessels manned by crews of desperadoes drawn from all nationalities. Eighteen ships received letters of marque , which were equipped under his brother, Louis of Nassau , in the French Huguenot port of La Rochelle . They were called "Sea Beggars", "Gueux de mer" in French, or "Watergeuzen" in Dutch. The Sea Beggars continued to use La Rochelle as

4635-444: The Special Operations Regiment . The corps was founded on 10 December 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War by the then grand pensionary of the Dutch Republic , Johan de Witt , and Admiral Michiel de Ruyter as the Regiment de Marine . The first commander of the corps was Willem Joseph van Ghent . The Dutch had successfully used conventional troops embarked on ships during the First Anglo-Dutch War . The Korps Mariniers

4738-410: The Stabilisation Force Iraq (SFIR). They were stationed in the province of Al-Muthanna where they operated under British command. Their main base was located at Camp Smitty in As Samawah. One company of marines was located at the village of Ar Rumaythah and one at the village of Al Khidr. Since 2015, Marines have contributed to Operation Inherent Resolve by providing training to the Peshmerga and

4841-445: The 1780s was disrupted by the disastrous course of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780-1784). Although the Battle of Dogger Bank (1781) , led by Admiral Johan Zoutman , ended in a draw was in fact a strategic defeat. At the Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain was given freedom of navigation in the East Indian waters. Under the Batavian Republic the five admiralties were replaced by a central organization, later ministry. Under William I

4944-430: The 17th century, in order to meet the heavier ships of the line of the Royal Navy on equal terms, ships were built to purpose as heavy warships/ ships of the line for continuous naval service. This innovation is due mainly to Johan de Witt . To carry out their duties, the admiralties possessed yards, warehouses and offices. In 1795 the admiralties were replaced by a central Admiralty in the Batavian Republic and later

5047-413: The Admiralties which established the management of naval affairs for the Republic until 1795. Within a few years there were five different admiralty colleges located at The Admiralty colleges were governed by the Lord Councils in Admiralty or just Council of the Admiralty . As Stadholder , the princes of Orange that succeeded Maurice were also appointed to his offices and so were Admiral General of

5150-449: The Army, Admiral General of the Navy. The Admiral General was commander-in-chief of the fleet and chairman of the Admiralty colleges. In this capacity he was able to provide central direction to naval policy over the five separate admiralties. In practice, as the Stadholder/Admiral General never fought in person with fleet, his day-to-day supreme command of the fleet devolved upon the lieutenant-admiral of Rotterdam. This officer functioned as

5253-432: The Dutch Marine Corps stormed a train that was being held hostage since 23 May by armed South Moluccan nationalists in the village of De Punt , in the province of Drenthe . Six Royal Netherlands Air Force F-104 Starfighters buzzed the train as a diversion just before the assault. Six terrorists and two hostages were killed during the assault. From 18 February 1992 to 18 November 1993, three battalions of Marines and

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5356-415: The Dutch Republic ), made it possible for the Republic to "punch above its weight" in military matters. Without the international "open market" for money the Republic, with its population of about 1.5 million in the 17th century, would simply have lacked the manpower base to compete with countries like Spain (10 million inhabitants in the period in question) and France (20 million). In the early 17th century,

5459-533: The Dutch fleet and, secondly, William had earlier sent De Ruyter with an inadequate fleet to the Mediterranean against a much larger French fleet. A Fleet Guardian (" Vlootvoogd ") was generally also appointed and functioned as a deputy fleet commander. Although the concept admiral is used in many books, this is not an official rank or title. It was the name popularly given to commanders of a naval fleet or part of it, whose actual rank could be: admiral, lieutenant-admiral, vice admiral, or Rear-Admiral . Though usually

5562-459: The Dutch merchantmen to obstruct free passage. One example was the Battle of Dungeness in December 1652, in which Maarten Tromp managed to keep the Channel open to Dutch shipping. The Battle of Livorno in 1653 under Commander Johan van Galen where the Dutch prevailed in the Mediterranean Sea, the English trade with the Levant was greatly disrupted as a result. In the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) five major actions took place, almost all off

5665-438: The English Navigation Acts vessels flying the Dutch flag were denied access to English ports if they were carrying goods not coming from the Netherlands. Because this was the lion's share of the Dutch shipping in England, these laws undermined the commercial position of the Netherlands. This rivalry led to the Anglo-Dutch Wars . During the First Anglo-Dutch War ( 1652 - 1654 ) the British fleet operations were aimed primarily at

5768-481: The English attempted to begin refining the wool themselves in the Cockayne Project , this failed, however, because the States General banned the import of finished textiles from England. The English textile industry stagnated for decades. In 1617 England lifted the ban, but the Dutch ban remained in effect. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Dutch took over the traditional trade of England with Spain and Portugal, which caused huge resentment. The Netherlands had

5871-408: The English coast. In 1667 the Dutch under Michiel de Ruyter undertook the Raid on the Medway . The Third Anglo-Dutch War ( 1672 - 1674 ) was part of the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678). In that year England , France , Cologne and Münster declared war on the Republic, hoping to ruin its mercantile position. Facing the large Anglo-French numerical superiority at sea, the States fleet was soon on

5974-408: The English ports where they were able to refit and replenish their stores. However, in 1572, Queen Elizabeth I of England , seeking to placate Philip II of Spain , abruptly refused to admit the Sea Beggars to her harbours. No longer having refuge, the Sea Beggars, under the command of Willem Bloys van Treslong , made a desperate attack upon Brielle , which they seized by surprise in the absence of

6077-608: The Logistic Support Group (LSG) is responsible for the maintenance, acquisition and storage of all equipment. NLMARSOF was founded in 2013 by merging the Mountain Leader Reconnaissance Platoon, the Unit Interventie Mariniers and the Special Forces Underwater Operator Platoon. The maritime SOF training takes about 40 weeks, and eligible marines are trained to become long-range reconnaissance SOF operators and counter-terrorism specialists, with an emphasis on maritime special operations. Those who wish to specialise as mountain leader or frogman can apply for these specialisations following

6180-432: The Maritime Counter Terrorism Squadron, and a troop with Special Operation and Interceptor Crafts for the Conventional Squadron of the Maritime Special Operations Forces. The two Landing Craft Control Teams consist of a staff, a Beach Recce Group, a Beach Control Group and a Heavy Vehicle Group. The Landing Craft Control Team Heavy is equipped with Leopard 1 BARV beach armoured recovery vehicles. Both Beach Recce Groups field

6283-421: The NLD Operational Mentor and Liaisons Team, for recruiting and training new military personnel of the Afghan National Army in the Uruzgan province. Training took place at Kamp Holland , Tarin Kowt . A reinforced company was deployed in the Deh Rashan area of Uruzgan province. Two marines were killed on April 17 of 2010 when their Bv S10 Viking was hit by an IED . Teams of NLMARSOF cooperated with operators of

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6386-506: The Netherlands was created in February 1673 by the Stadholder William III for Michiel de Ruyter to cement his authority and prestige above the other lieutenant-admirals of the Navy and ensure undivided command of the fleet. De Ruyter had functioned since the Second Anglo-Dutch War with the rank of lieutenant-admiral as commander in chief, without rank to be higher than other lieutenant-admirals. To put an end to this situation, but also in recognition of his great achievements, De Ruyter received

6489-446: The Netherlands, some mariniers joined the Princess Irene Brigade to fight against the Germans. They distinguished themselves in combat near the Dutch city of Tilburg in the autumn of 1944. Starting in 1943, the United States Marine Corps trained and equipped a new brigade, the Mariniersbrigade , of the Korps Mariniers at Camp Lejeune and Camp Davis in North Carolina in preparation for amphibious landings against

6592-417: The Noorderkwartier , Rotterdam and Zeeland . This organisational structure contributed to the decentralised nature of the States Navy, which heavily relied upon privateers and armed merchantmen in times of war. In addition to the Eighty Years' War, the States Navy also participated in the Anglo-Dutch Wars , the Dutch–Portuguese War , the Northern Wars , the Franco-Dutch War and various conflicts of

6695-468: The Regiment de Marine played a prominent part in the Dutch raid on the Medway in Kent (10–14 June). The Korps ' battle honour " Chatham " is one of the few ever won on British soil by a foreign unit. The July 2nd attack on Landguard fort near Harwich , performed by 1,500 Mariniers after landing at Woodrich was defeated by the English. The mariniers also fought in the Franco-Dutch War and Third Anglo-Dutch War . On 29 June 1672, after serving in

6798-400: The Republic, 23 ships with sailors and officers, so Fehmarn could be occupied by the Swedes. The Danes banned in 1640 the export of timber from Norway. The Netherlands and Sweden began a war against the Danes, after which the Danes blocked the Sound. In 1644 and 1645 Witte de With, therefore, on the Brederode with a huge convoy merchantmen - 702 in the return fleet of the previous year - forced

6901-479: The Sea Beggars defeated a Spanish squadron under the command of Admiral Bossu off the port of Hoorn in the Battle on the Zuiderzee . Mixing with the native population, they quickly sparked rebellions against Spanish Rule and the Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands, the Duke of Alba , in town after town and spread the resistance southward. Some of the forefathers of the Dutch naval heroes began their naval careers as Sea Beggars, such as Evert Heindricxzen,

7004-469: The Sound and imposed a favourable toll treaty. See: First Anglo-Dutch War , Second Anglo-Dutch War , Third Anglo-Dutch War , Glorious Revolution , Fourth Anglo-Dutch War During the 17th century the Republic's maritime expansion aroused more and more envy, especially the from English. Besides Baltic bulk trade there was an increasing focus on luxury goods from Asia. The textile industry focused increasingly on refining wool imported from England. In 1614

7107-419: The Spanish domination at sea. In addition, the fleet blockaded the Flemish coast and escorted the merchant fleet towards the Baltic Sea. The close relations between the Swedes and the Dutch angered the Danes . Many Dutch merchants had settled in Sweden, where they had a large share in the structure of trade and industry. One of them was Louis de Geer . In 1644 a complete naval expeditionary force arrived from

7210-433: The Spanish garrison on 1 April 1572. Encouraged by this success, they now sailed to the larger port of Vlissingen , which was also taken by a coup de main . The capture of these two towns prompted several nearby towns to declare for revolt, starting a chain reaction that resulted in the majority of Holland joining in a general revolt of the Netherlands, and is regarded as the real beginning of Dutch independence. In 1573

7313-410: The Stadholderless periods, the States General also appointed one or several deputies to accompany the fleet. It was in this capacity that Cornelis de Witt accompanied the fleet in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and the Raid on the Medway . The lieutenant-admirals of each admiralty were appointed on the basis of experience and expertise. Those from the Admiralty of the Maas, as the oldest admiralty, had

7416-405: The States fleet was reinforced with armed merchant ships. The introduction of the line tactics but made agility, sailing capacity, speed and uniformity of the vessels increasingly important. In 1653 the States-General at the initiative of Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt to the construction of sixty ships. The Seven Provinces was one of these ships were built for the war with England. Johan de Witt,

7519-665: The States-General had the final responsibility. In practice, therefore, this concentrated that supervisory power in the Grand Pensionary of the powerful States of Holland and West-Friesland. Although the Admiralty colleges were organs of the Union and thus accountable to the State-General, the bodies were regional. The regions had a lot of influence, despite the joint meetings in The Hague and

7622-540: The Surface Assault and Training Group from which all sorts of amphibious training can be employed. Moreover, the Corps has multiple bases and auxiliary branches in the Dutch Caribbean . Below follows an overview of the Corps' bases: The mariniers are known for their arduous training programmes, which are primarily focused around hardship. Due to its longstanding and close cooperation with its British counterpart,

7725-441: The Union and chairman of the colleges. Through this mechanism they were able to provide central control and coordination to naval affairs. The prince was represented in each college by a lieutenant-admiral (initially only at Rotterdam; the other colleges had vice-admirals at first but in 1665 also appointed lieutenant-admirals), who was assisted by a judge-advocate and a secretary. If there was no Stadholder - as between 1650 and 1672 -

7828-833: The arrest of Yugoslavian war criminals, other Marine units have deployed to accompany and protect refugee convoys in Kosovo . In 1991, 400 marines in addition 600 personnel of the Royal Netherlands Army were deployed to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq as part Operation Provide Comfort . The detachment of Marines consisted of a staff company, a support company and two infantry companies. The units constructed three refugee camps which were later transferred to civilian organisations. The last marines returned in July 1991. In 2003 and 2004, two battalions of Marines were deployed to Iraq as part of

7931-720: The aspect of financing of a military force is seen as "derivative," in the case of the States Navy, as with the States Army it played an important formative role, and influenced the peculiarities of the organisation also. Unlike the Army, which was made up primarily of mercenaries, the Navy was made up primarily of Dutch natives. The financial institutions of the Dutch Republic, including its banking system that allowed it to raise large amounts of capital at low rates of interest (see Financial history of

8034-588: The completion of training. NLMARSOF is modelled after the British Special Boat Squadron . The Surface Assault and Training Group (SATG) provides the Marine Corps with maritime vessels. The Surface Assault and Training Group consists of 241 men; besides the staff it fields an Amphibious Support Group, a Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Troop, a Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Troop, a Fast Raiding Interception and Special Forces Craft (FRISC) Squadron,

8137-606: The corps consists of two battalion-sized Marine Combat Groups (MCGs), 1st Marine Combat Group is the main contribution of the Netherlands Marine Corps to the United Kingdom/Netherlands Landing Force (UK/NL LF). Following the large scale reorganisation of the Armed Forces in 2013, the Corps was affected as well. The Corps was restructured, among other changes. The battalion composition and naming

8240-584: The councilor pensionary of Holland and leading statesman of the Republic, worked closely with Michiel de Ruyter, who was in command on behalf of the States General of the fleet, and the Amsterdam merchant and member of the Admiralty College David Wildt, who had to provide the money. In the 1660s a second series of sixty ships was commissioned. Thus, a large standing war fleet of a hundred ships of

8343-439: The death of Cornelis Tromp in 1691, the rank was not assigned to any other naval officer. Formally Tromp never held this rank. He died before he could occupy this rank in Dutch service. The Stadholder-King William III then ordered that this rank may no longer be used. Possible reasons for this were because on the one hand the rank of Lieutenant-Admiral-General of the fallen De Ruyter looked too much like his role of Admiral General of

8446-452: The defensive. De Ruyter did however hold the enemy off from the Dutch coast thanks to his tactical ingenuity. During these wars de Ruyter distinguished himself further, becoming the greatest Dutch naval hero. The conclusion of the Treaty of Westminster (1674) brought an end to the trade wars between the rival navies. After Stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau was proclaimed king of England in

8549-529: The different parts of the Low Countries. It was Louis II of Flanders who first appointed a permanent government official called admiral in Flanders at Dunkirk in 1383 with responsibilities and funding from the central government. The Burgundian and Habsburg rulers started a central policy of a naval organization, defense and offense. In 1488 they established an Admiralty of the Netherlands at Veere by

8652-558: The enemy. A States fleet destroyed in 1607 an entire Spanish fleet at the Battle of Gibraltar . Partly as a result of the destruction of much of the Spanish fleet in 1608, peace talks launched in 1609 resulted in the Twelve Years' Truce . The Battle of the Downs in 1639 - in which Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp and Vice-Admiral Witte de With defeated a Spanish fleet of 55 ships, put an end to

8755-460: The equipment of the navy. The other main task of the admiralties was to build, maintain and equip the navy. The admiralties were also entitled to act as judge in disputes and as a prize court. The admiralties independently nominated and commissioned junior officers. Flag officers and captains were appointed by the States-General, on the recommendation of the Admiralty. Originally, the admiralty ships were leased or advanced by merchant companies. Later in

8858-416: The form of one College of Admiralty consisting of delegates from all the provinces. Provincial particularism, however, ensured that months later this was cast aside. The competition between the differing admiralties became so grim that Zeeland and Holland impounded each other's ships, and Elizabeth I of England tried to broker a reconciliation. On 13 August 1597 the States-General issued an Instruction for

8961-558: The grandfather of Cornelis Evertsen the Elder . see Admiralties (Dutch) The success of the Dutch Revolt required a better system of naval governance. In 1586, the then governor-general, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester , established a new instruction for the Admiralty. Based on this new instruction, the admiralty councils in Veere , Rotterdam and Hoorn were founded. An admiralty council

9064-633: The influence of the Prince of Orange and/or the Grand Pensionary. As the admiralty with the most money and fitting out the most ships, the Admiralty of Amsterdam had the most influence. The Admiralty colleges had the task of protecting coastal waters and the commercial fleet, which included the Dutch East India Company fleet. To support this, they had the power to levy tax funds through convoys and licenses (import and export duties) and thus pay for

9167-511: The land battle of Seneffe against the French in 1674. Dutch support for American independence led to the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War , where the mariniers served at Dogger Bank . In 1704, Marines were part of a combined English-Dutch force under Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt that captured Gibraltar and defended it successfully shortly afterwards. The cooperation with the British

9270-463: The line, frigates and lighter vessels formed in the second half of the 17th century. The largest charter, including the Seven Provinces , the flagship of De Ruyter, was equipped with 80 to 96 guns. The navy had normally about three to four thousand seamen. When war threatened thousands of sailors were mustered. This was generally just for one campaign. Flag officers and captains were responsible for

9373-468: The multinational population of the port cities. In 1665 a regiment of soldiers aboard the ship was instituted under Baron Willem Joseph van Ghent . These later became the nucleus of the Netherlands Marine Corps . During the 17th century the Republic was involved in numerous battles. The main goal was keeping open the trade routes at sea and the defense of the territory. Until 1648, Spain was

9476-560: The other as a subordinate to command the Rotterdam fleet. This arrangement was highly confusing even to contemporaries, confounded by the habit to call every admiral of the province of Holland "Admiral of Holland". When de Ruyter in 1665 was given command of the national fleet, he was transferred from Amsterdam to Rotterdam. In 1666, Aert Jansse van Nes became his subordinate as Lieutenant-Admiral of Rotterdam. At this point there were four "Lieutenant-Admirals of Holland" plus two for Zealand and Friesland. The rank of Lieutenant Admiral General in

9579-615: The rank of Corporal before being able to follow specialisation training, and must not exceed a maximum age. The Corps has multiple distinctive uniforms. The Corps' standard combat uniform is based on the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) in the woodland pattern , as opposed to the Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM)-based combat uniform of the other services of the Netherlands Armed Forces . This combat uniform

9682-407: The recruitment of persons on board. Officers of the fleet constituted an exception. Already in the early 17th century a couple of experienced captains were in the permanent employment of the Navy at a salary. These were called the extraordinary captains. These captains were also responsible for the victualing of the fleet. Every captain of a ship bought the supplies from these extraordinary captains at

9785-418: The staff and M-Squadron of NLMARSOF. Due to obsolescence of the location a new base is being constructed at Kamp Nieuw Milligen near the city of Apeldoorn . The Van Ghentkazerne is based in the city of Rotterdam and provides the basic training and many other training courses within the Corps. The Joost Dourleinkazerne is based on the island of Texel and functions as a forward operating base for

9888-620: The three Raiding Squadrons. The Combat Service Support Squadron fields 171 personnel and provide maintenance, medical, and logistic support. Each Combat Service Support Squadron consists of a Workshop Troop, a Transport Troop, an Equipment Support Troop, a Medical Support Troop, and a Communication and Information Systems Troop. In 2014, 13e Raiding Squadron was the first unit to complete additional training to become certified maritime special operations capable (MARSOC). A MARSOC unit can support and conduct special operations with NLMARSOF. The Netherlands Maritime Special Operations Forces (NLMARSOF)

9991-489: The world. In these two years SOCs will work closely with MARSOF platoons throughout the world, and can choose to enlist for further specialization. Experienced marines are able to obtain various specialisations. It is common for marines to have multiple specialisations. Popular specialisations include: weapons instructor, mortar, communications, or heavy weapons specialist, designated marksman, sniper, assault engineer, medic or free-fall para. Some of these specialisations require

10094-515: Was also founded in Ostend . Ostend, however, was since 1572 under the influence of Zeeland , and under pressure from Zeeland, this admiralty was abolished in the following year. After the three-year Siege of Ostend , the city's admiralty was put under the Dunkirk Admiralty founded by Parma in 1583. In 1596 there was an attempt by the States-General to centralize the administration of the navy in

10197-522: Was changed: The Corps consists of two battalion-sized Marine Combat Groups (MCGs), 1st MCG and 2nd MCG, which are headed by a Lieutenant Colonel and each field approximately 726 men with a command staff consisting of 30 men each. The three Raiding Squadrons of each MCG are commanded by Majors and consist of 108 men each. The Raiding Squadrons each field three Raiding Troops with two Raiding Sections of 16 men each per troop. The Recce, Surveillance & Target Acquisition (RSTA) Squadrons are commanded by

10300-745: Was disbanded in 1949. The Dutch maintained control over Western New Guinea after the Indonesian War of Independence and the Korps Mariniers served there until 1962 when the colony in the course of the West New Guinea dispute was handed over to the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority . On 11 June 1977, the Bijzondere Bijstandseenheid Mariniers (BBE-M, Special Support Unit Marines) of

10403-470: Was filmed using a helmet-mounted camera and made public by the Ministry of Defence, consequently displayed by news media across the globe. Moreover, NLMARSOF frogmen have conducted extremely rare operational underwater operations, including the sabotage of pirate ships. Since 2011 the Corps has provided Vessel Protection Detachments (VPDs) to Dutch merchant vessels sailing through areas prone to piracy. The Corps

10506-639: Was repeated once again during the Bombardment of Algiers in 1816. The Korps Mariniers served in various colonial operations of the Dutch Empire in the Dutch East Indies . The gradual conquest of the colony and operations consolidating Dutch rule lasted from the 1850s until shortly before World War I . The battle honours from the Aceh War (1873–1913) and Bali are displayed on the Corps' colour. During

10609-674: Was the fifth European Marine unit formed, being preceded by Spain 's Infantería de Armada (1537), the Portuguese Marine Corps (1610), France 's Troupes de marine (1622) and the English Royal Marines (1664), although the Dutch Marines were the first in history to specialise in amphibious operations. Like Britain, the Netherlands has had several periods during which its Marine Corps were disbanded. The French occupation of The Netherlands, which lasted from 1810 until 1813,

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