37-568: Rough Rock Community School, Inc. ( RRCS ) is a tribal K-12 school in Rough Rock, Arizona , with a Chinle postal address. Operated by the Navajo Nation , it is funded by the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). As of 2011, the school had approximately 440 day and residential students. These include 166 high school students in grades 9 through 12. Founded by Robert Roessel Sr. and Ruth Roessel ( Navajo ),
74-458: A 46,545-square-foot (4,324.2 m ) school facility for 186 students and a 10,072-square-foot (935.7 m ) dormitory for 33 students. The scheduled groundbreaking was February 11, 2013. The previous buildings scheduled for demolition had a total of 78,626 square feet (7,304.6 m ) of space. The school provides transportation for students between Baby Rocks and Mexican Water , and asks families living outside of that area and/or distant from
111-667: A Department of Interior report blamed all levels of leadership for substandard test scores. In 2001 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) wrote "The academic achievement of many BIA students as measured by their performance on standardized tests and other measures is far below the performance of students in public schools. BIA students also score considerably below national averages on college admissions tests." Bill Clinton , George W. Bush , and Barack Obama made attempts to improve BIE schools. In 2015 Maggie Severns of Politico wrote that BIE students "have some of
148-513: A household in the CDP was $ 26,172, and the median income for a family was $ 26,484. Males had a median income of $ 28,068 versus $ 11,346 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 6,741. About 23.7% of families and 29.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 37.2% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over. The area is served by Chinle Unified School District #24 , which operates Chinle High School . In addition
185-582: A more concerted program of assimilation of Native American children. These were established at both the elementary and high school levels. As Indian reservations cannot levy taxes, local school taxes cannot be used to fund Native American schools. Alden Woods of the Arizona Republic described the BIE as having the characteristics of both a state education agency and a school district, with its supervision and funding of tribally controlled/grant schools making it
222-439: A nonprofit and changed its name to Community School, as it was not a demonstration school anymore. In the early 21st century, projects were constructed to replace BIA facilities at the school. A 20,333-square-foot (1,889.0 m) K–8 dormitory with capacity for 86 students was built in 2010. A new K–8 academic building, and two additional dormitories were built in 2011. The project was the first replacement school project funded by
259-472: A part of the New Deal project. In 2014 about 30 students boarded but most did not. Only one dormitory was open, as another was deemed unsafe. In 2013 5% of the students were classified as having mathematics skills on par with their grade levels even though the school had already shifted most of its instruction to mathematics and reading at the expense of science and social studies. In 2015 Politico stated that
296-542: A position that Robert LaFlore, the principal, called "not quite normal". Some of the teachers left to work at the Kayenta Unified School District . The school is a K-8 school in Red Valley, Arizona . In addition to Red Valley, it has students from Cove , Mitten Rock , and Oak Springs . It was created in or after 1932, with the building completed in 1935. Circa 1950 it gained boarding facilities and
333-579: Is an elementary school in Cove, Arizona . In addition to Cove, the school has students from Mitten Rock , Oak Springs , and Red Valley . The school is in proximity to multiple uranium mines. The current building opened in 1959. In 2022 the school had 50 students. Crystal Boarding School is a K-6 boarding school in Crystal, New Mexico . It opened in 1935 as part of an effort to replace off-reservation Indian boarding schools with on-reservation boarding schools, as
370-552: Is in the Main Interior Building in Washington, DC . The federal government funds schools for Native Americans under the treaties it established for reservations and trust lands. In the early years, the government authorized religious missions to establish schools and churches on reservations. At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, Congress authorized the government to establish numerous Indian boarding schools for
407-518: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 . Eight Mile School District (Trenton, ND) was BIE/OIE-funded from 1987 to 2008 See also Template:Department of Defense Education Activity (U.S. military school system) Rough Rock, Arizona Rough Rock ( Navajo : Tséchʼízhí ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona , United States. The population
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#1732873176188444-868: The Office of Indian Education Programs ( OIEP ), is a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior under the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs. It is responsible for the line direction and management of all BIE education functions, including the formation of policies and procedures, the supervision of all program activities, and the approval of the expenditure of funds appropriated for BIE education functions. The BIE school system has 184 elementary and secondary schools and dormitories located on 63 reservations in 23 states, including seven off-reservation boarding schools , and 122 schools directly controlled by tribes and tribal school boards under contracts or grants with
481-580: The Rough Rock Community School is a tribal school associated with the Bureau of Indian Education . The town is mentioned in Judy Collins ' "Song For Martin": "In Rough Rock, Arizona, he lived for many years alone. A gangly kid from Colorado, who could sing the sweetest song...." Bureau of Indian Education The Bureau of Indian Education ( BIE ), headquartered in the Main Interior Building in Washington, D.C. , and formerly known as
518-778: The 1970s, school boards have been elected on reservations to oversee BIE schools, as in the Southwest United States . In 2015 the BIE spent about $ 15,000 per student in the schools it operated, 56% above the per-student average cost for a public school student in the United States. The BIE schools were ranked as among the most costly to operate in the United States. The predecessor agency OEIP had say only in operations related to instruction, while other BIA agencies had controlled other aspects, such as hiring and other employee issues, and construction and renovation of schools, and related infrastructure such as roads. Severns wrote that
555-644: The BIE does not have a consistent testing system for all schools, nor does it provide the public academic outcomes information that traditional public schools are required to publish under state laws. BIE network schools are often located in rural, isolated areas where alternative options for schooling are not feasible. As of 2020 there were 180 schools in the BIE network. In 1987 the BIA supported 58 tribal schools and directly operated 17 boarding schools, 17 day schools, and 14 dormitories housing students enrolled in public schools operated by local school districts. In 2003,
592-410: The BIE had 4,500 employees. In November 2015 the BIE had 140 empty teaching slots. The agency had difficulty with teacher retention, especially as many schools are located in isolated areas. BIA/BIE schools have been criticized for decades for poor academic performance, and for the failure to establish metrics that allow performance to be measured. In 1969 the graduation rate was about 59%. Circa 1970
629-570: The BIE is "an overlooked and often criticized agency". Circa 1990 the Hopi tribe began the process of taking BIA schools in their territory into tribal control. They managed this under authorization provided by legislation in 1975, which allowed tribes to contract with the BIA/BIE to manage and operate their own schools. Prior to August 29, 2006, it was known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Office of Indian Education Programs (OIEP). The headquarters
666-461: The BIE. The bureau also funds 66 residential programs for students at 52 boarding schools and at 14 dormitories housing those attending nearby tribal or public schools. It is one of two U.S. federal government school systems, along with the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA). In the area of post-secondary education, the BIE provides support to 24 tribal colleges and universities across
703-481: The CDP was 96.2% Native American , 2.8% White , 0.6% Asian , and 0.4% from two or more races. 0.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 113 households, out of which 50.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who
740-504: The Native American students in the United States. Members of some tribes have moved to cities, and many states have increased coverage of reservation and tribal lands through their public school districts. As of 2020 about 90% of Native American students attended public schools operated by local school districts, rather than federally funded or operated schools. As of 2021 the BIE schools are located in many isolated areas with some of
777-480: The U.S. serving over 25,000 students. It directly operates two institutions of higher learning: Haskell Indian Nations University (HINU) in Lawrence , Kansas , and Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) near Albuquerque , New Mexico . Additionally, the BIE operates higher education scholarship programs for American Indians and Alaska Natives . Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic wrote in 2020 that
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#1732873176188814-399: The former and its direct operation of BIE schools making it the latter. By the beginning of the 21st century, education expenses of the BIE represented 35% of the BIA budget. But studies since the 1969 Kennedy Report have shown that the schools have been underfunded. Despite the education responsibility, much of the BIA staff are specialists in land management rather than education. Since
851-511: The graduation rate was 53%. In the 2017-2018 school year, the graduation rate was 64%, but in 2018-2019 the graduation rate had declined to 59%. In 2015 the average United States graduation rate was 81%. The graduation rate for Native American and Alaska Native students enrolled at school district-operated public schools was 67%. From circa 2017 to 2020, the BIE did not follow the terms of the Every Student Succeeds Act . As of 2020
888-481: The highway to have their children stay at the dormitory. Kayenta Community School is a K-8 school . The facility, also known as Kayenta Boarding School, is a boarding school serving both day and dormitory students. It opened in 1935 as the Kayenta Indian School. In 1985 the school had 520 students and 19 employees. The school at the time had 11 staff positions in which the school could not hire anyone,
925-477: The lowest incomes in the United States. Maggie Severns of Politico wrote in 2015 that "Students often come from difficult backgrounds". In 1978, 47,000 Native American K-12 students (17% of the total number of Native American K-12 students in the United States) attended schools directly operated by the BIA, and 2,500 (1%) attended tribal schools and/or other schools that contracted with the BIA. Circa 2015
962-475: The lowest test scores and graduation rates in the country". In the 2018-2019 school year, the percentage of BIE students passing their schools' standardized examinations was about 10% for mathematics and 15% for the English language. In 2011 BIE students scored better on examinations than students at Detroit Public Schools , but every other large urban school district outperformed students of BIE schools. In 2015
999-591: The overall dropout rate of BIA schools was 100% higher than the U.S. dropout average. Citing this statistic, that year President of the United States Richard Nixon criticized BIA schools. The 1969 report by the Select Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate in 1969 (known as the Kennedy Report, as it was headed by Robert F. Kennedy prior to his assassination) also criticized BIA schools. In 1988
1036-724: The school opened in 1966 as the Rough Rock Demonstration School ( RRDS ). In response to Native American activists' efforts to take control of their children's educations, that was the first school for which the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) contracted with a tribal nation to operate it; the Navajo Nation were the first to operate a BIA school. The Navajo changed the curriculum to reflect their own culture, history, and traditions, or code of ethics, in addition to general academic coursework related to United States culture and other topics. In 1994 Rough Rock incorporated as
1073-559: The school provides room and board to children with no other reliable source of food and lodging. On March 16, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona , the State of Arizona closed district-operated public schools. BIE schools were not required to close at that time, though several did. After employees met that day, COVID spread through the school's community. Once COVID infections were diagnosed,
1110-552: The school temporarily closed. It holds an equine (horse) festival every year. It is a K-8 school in Teec Nos Pos. It has a dormitory facility. It opened in 1933 as the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School. A building for the Teec Nos Pos Boarding School was dedicated in 1962. In 1962 the school had 353 students. In 1963 there were plans to build 17 additional classrooms as well as a cafeteria, two dormitories, and
1147-506: The school's campus was in a poor condition. It had no school counselor. Dennehotso Boarding School in Dennehotso, Arizona serves grades K–8. It opened as a one room school in 1935. Circa 1947 the school was expanded. In 1951, the school had five teachers. Eddie Thompson served as principal until 1973. Kenneth L. Owens, who previously taught at Dennehotso Boarding, became principal in 1974. The two current buildings are OFMC projects:
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1184-506: The state with the largest amount of BIA-OIEP network schools was Arizona, and the state with the next highest amount was New Mexico. As of 2020 the BIE operates about 33% of the schools in its system. A listing of schools directly operated by the Bureau of Indian Education: It is a K-8 school in Cottonwood , Apache County, Arizona , with a Chinle address. It was dedicated in 1968. It
1221-566: The various sources of authority made school accountability difficult. A 2015 editorial of the Minneapolis Star-Tribune noted that schools in the BIE network were underfunded while schools in the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), the federal military dependent school network, were well funded. As of 2020 the BIE-funded/grant/direct schools in total had 46,000 students, meaning they educated about 8% of
1258-510: Was 414 at the 2010 census . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 12.8 square miles (33.1 km ), all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1300 people, 113 households, and 89 families living in the CDP. The population density was 36.5 inhabitants per square mile (14.1/km ). There were 152 housing units at an average density of 11.8 per square mile (4.6/km ). The racial makeup of
1295-459: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the average family size was 4.97. In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 42.9% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 4.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males. The median income for
1332-471: Was known as Red Rock Boarding School, but it later reverted into being a day school. In 1974 its enrollment was 83. At the time it was the only BIA school in which all of its employees were Navajo people. In that year the school was hiring ethnic Navajo, bilingual in English and Navajo, who were finishing their university educations. Additionally, by that year it had a forked stick hogan in which it held some classes taught by Navajo senior citizens. The hogan
1369-459: Was the impetus of Navajo senior citizens who paid the money to have it built and who built it. In 2022 the school had 114 students. It is a K-8 boarding school in Kykotsmovi, Arizona . In 2020 its enrollment was over 100. Alden Woods of The Arizona Republic stated "One former student described it as a refuge from a rural community struggling through generations of trauma", stating that
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