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26-654: The Rottaler is a German breed of riding and carriage horse of heavy warmblood type. The name derives from that of the Rottal, the valley of the Rott in the Landkreis of Rottal-Inn in south-eastern Bavaria . It is critically endangered. The Bavarian Warmblood derives from it. The Rottaler originated in – and is named for – the Rottal, the valley of the Rott in the Landkreis of Rottal-Inn in south-eastern Bavaria , an area renowned for horse-breeding . A breed society ,

52-403: A designer crossbred . For the purposes of this list, certain groups of horses that have an organization or registry that records individual animals for breeding purposes, at least in some nations, but does not clearly fall to either the breed or type categories are listed here. This list does not include organizations that record horses strictly for competition purposes. A "type" of horse is not

78-526: A metric conversion. It may be abbreviated to "h" or "hh". Although measurements between whole hands are usually expressed in what appears to be decimal format, the subdivision of the hand is not decimal but is in base 4 , so subdivisions after the radix point are in quarters of a hand, which are inches. Thus, 62 inches is fifteen and a half hands, or 15.2 hh (normally said as "fifteen-two", or occasionally in full as "fifteen hands two inches"). "Hands" may be abbreviated to "h", or "hh". The "hh" form

104-514: A breed but is used here to categorize groups of horses or horse breeds that are similar in appearance ( phenotype ) or use. A type usually has no breed registry , and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of studbook selection for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or

130-406: A breed, a crossbreed, or a "type”, depending on the stage of breed recognition. In some cultures and for some competition-sanctioning organizations, a horse that normally matures less than about 145 cm or 14.2  hands (58 inches, 147 cm) when fully grown may be classified as a " pony ". However, unless the principal breed registry or breed standard describes the breed as a pony, it

156-629: A grouping may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use. Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for Horses in the Middle Ages did not refer to breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included: Many breeds of horse have become extinct , either because they have died out, or because they have been absorbed into another breed: Hand (unit) The hand

182-446: A handbreadth or handsbreadth, is an anthropic unit , originally based on the breadth of a male human hand, either with or without the thumb, or on the height of a clenched fist. On surviving Ancient Egyptian cubit-rods , the royal cubit is divided into seven palms of four digits or fingers each. Five digits are equal to a hand, with thumb; and six to a closed fist. The royal cubit measured approximately 525 mm, so

208-430: A horse halfway between 15 and 16 hands is 15.2 hands, or 62 inches tall (15 × 4 + 2 = 62) Because the subdivision of a hand is a base 4 system, a horse 64 inches high is 16.0 hands high, not 15.4. A designation of "15.5 hands" is not halfway between 15 and 16 hands, but rather reads 15 hands and five inches, an impossibility in a base 4 radix numbering system, where a hand is four inches. The hand, sometimes also called

234-634: A preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse , the Cleveland Bay , the Appaloosa , and the American Paint Horse . The best-known "color breed" registries that accept horses from many different breeds are for the following colors: The distinction is hotly debated between a standardized breed, a developing breed with an open studbook , a registry of recognized crossbred horses, and

260-529: A statute of King Henry VIII , the Horses Act 1540 ( 32 Hen. 8 . c. 13), but some confusion between the various types of hand measurement, and particularly between the hand and the handsbreadth, appears to have persisted. Phillips's dictionary of 1706 gives four inches for the length of the handful or hand, and three inches for the handsbreadth; Mortimer gives the same, three inches for the Hand's-breadth, and four for

286-530: Is a non- SI unit of measurement of length standardized to 4 in (101.6 mm). It is used to measure the height of horses in many English-speaking countries, including Australia , Canada , Ireland , the United Kingdom , and the United States . It was originally based on the breadth of a human hand. The adoption of the international inch in 1959 allowed for a standardized imperial form and

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312-446: Is listed in this section, even if some or all representatives are small or have some pony characteristics. Ponies are listed in the § Pony breeds section below. If a breed is described as a "pony" by the breed standard or principal breed registry, it is listed in this section, even if some individuals have horse characteristics. All other breeds are listed in the § Horse breeds section above. (Because of this designation by

338-477: Is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed", a breed is generally defined as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations. Its members may be called purebred . In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry . The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as open stud books are created for recording pedigrees of horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries are considered

364-408: Is sometimes interpreted as standing for "hands high". When spoken aloud, hands are stated by numbers, 15.0 is "fifteen hands", 15.2 is alternately "fifteen-two" or "fifteen hands, two inches", and so on. To convert inches to hands, the number in inches is divided by four, then the remainder is added after the radix point . Thus, a horse that measures 60 inches is 15 hands high (15 × 4 = 60) and

390-428: Is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have

416-533: The Rottaler Warmblutpferdezuchtverein , was formed in 1906. A breed standard was drawn up, calling for a strong and capable carriage horse with lively gaits, characterised by good temperament, fertility and longevity. After the end of the Second World War there seemed to be no demand for such an animal, and the breeding goal was fundamentally changed; selection was aimed exclusively at

442-573: The "Handful, or simply, Hand", but adds "The hand among horse-dealers, &c. is four-fingers' breadth, being the fist clenched, whereby the height of a horse is measured", thus equating "hand" with both the palm and the fist. Similarly, Wright's 1831 translation of Buffon mentions "A hand breadth (palmus), the breadth of the four fingers of the hand, or three inches", but the Encyclopædia Perthensis of 1816 gives under Palm (4): "A hand, or measure of lengths comprising three inches". Today

468-530: The authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of " color breed ", sport horse , and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there the trait is not a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, or are recording designer crossbreds . Such animals may be classified here as

494-564: The creation of a warmblood sport horse – which would eventually become the Bavarian Warmblood . A programme of breed replacement was adopted: Rottaler mares (of which only about 250 remained) were put to Hanoverian or Westphalian stallions, while Rottaler stallions were excluded from registration. In 1963 the traditional "R" brand of the Rottaler was changed to a "B". Only a small number of Rottaler mares survived this period. A census

520-418: The equestrian regulations stipulate that both measurements are to be given. In those countries where hands are the usual unit for measuring horse height, inches rather than hands are commonly used in the measurement of smaller equines including miniature horses /ponies, miniature mules , donkeys , and Shetland ponies . A horse is measured from the ground to the top of the highest non-variable point of

546-691: The hand is used to measure the height of horses , ponies , and other equines . It is used in the US and also in some other nations that use the metric system, such as Australia , New Zealand , Canada , Ireland and the UK. In other parts of the world, including continental Europe and in FEI -regulated international competition, horses are measured in metric units, usually metres or centimetres. In South Africa , measurements may be given in both hands and centimetres, while in Australia,

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572-588: The highest-risk category (category I: extrem gefährdet , "extremely endangered") on the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen . In 2000 it was the "endangered breed of the year" of that association. In 1966 a large bronze sculpture of the Rottaler by Hans Wimmer was erected in the Stadtplatz or main square of Pfarrkirchen. List of horse breeds While there

598-430: The preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse breeds are listed as "horses", not ponies.) There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called " color breeds ", because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor

624-464: The skeleton, the withers . For official measurement, the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra may be identified by palpation, and marked if necessary. Some varieties of Miniature horses are measured at the base of the last true hairs of the mane rather than at the withers. For international competition regulated by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and for USEF competition in

650-497: The width of the ancient Egyptian hand was about 94 mm. In Biblical exegesis the hand measurement, as for example in the Vision of the Temple, Authorized Version Ezekiel 40:43 , is usually taken to be palm or handbreadth, and in modern translations may be rendered as "handbreadth" or "three inches". The hand is a traditional unit in the UK. It was standardised at four inches by

676-409: Was taken in 1991, and eleven mares were found; two part-bred stallions from Rottaler dam lines were identified. From this nucleus, conservation breeding began. A new stud-book was started in 1994. In the twenty years from 2000 to 2019, the number of recorded breeding mares varied between 14 and 29, and the number of stallions ranged from 2 to 11. The Rottaler is an endangered breed , and is listed in

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