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31-475: Southern Federal University is the largest research and educational establishment of Rostov Oblast . The university began to operate in Rostov-on-Don in 1915 as an affiliate part of Imperial University of Warsaw whose Russian staff had been evacuated from Poland with the onset of World War I . Later, with the collapse of Russian Empire , the university was named Donskoy University after the region of Don by

62-789: A fire broke out at the Atlas oil depot in the Kamensky District in the Rostov region following a drone strike by the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The depot stores petroleum products for the Russian army. North Caucasus The North Caucasus , or Ciscaucasia , is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia . It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia . The North Caucasus

93-713: A large North Caucasian diaspora. Much of the Northern Caucasus seceded from Russia in March 1917 as the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus , taking advantage of the instability caused by the February Revolution and becoming a minor participant in the Russian Civil War . Mountainous Republic troops engaged in fierce clashes against the invading White General Anton Denikin 's Volunteer Army , before

124-728: Is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ), located in the Southern Federal District . The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 ( 2021 Census ), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don , which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002. Rostov Oblast borders Ukraine ( Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts ) and also Volgograd and Voronezh Oblasts in

155-716: Is bordered by the Sea of Azov and Black Sea to the west, the Caspian Sea to the east, and the Caucasus Mountains to the south. The region shares land borders with the countries of Georgia and Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus . Located in the south of the region, Mount Elbrus is the tallest peak in Europe. Krasnodar is the most populous among the urban centres in the region. The North Caucasus came under Russian control in

186-496: Is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. According to a 2012 survey 49.5% of the population of Rostov Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox bodies, 1% are Muslims , and 1% are adherents of

217-529: Is often also encompassed under the notion of a Ciscaucasus region, thus the northern boundary of the Forecaucasus steppe or Nogai steppe is generally considered to be the Manych River . Owing to its mild climate compared to much of Russia, the region has been described as Russia's " sunbelt ". Ancient cultures of the Northern Caucasus are known as Klin-Yar community, with one of the most notable cultures being

248-669: The European values that they committed to when joining EUA”. In 2023 US News & World Report ranked it # 1,647 in the world. In 2017, Times Higher Education ranked the university within the 801-1000 band globally. The volunteer community network Dissernet has discovered multiple cases of PhD level degrees being awarded by the university for heavily plagiarized theses. ∀ {\displaystyle \forall } Rostov Oblast Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть , romanized : Rostovskaya oblast' , IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ] )

279-559: The Republic of Adygea , Karachay-Cherkessia , Kabardino-Balkaria , North Ossetia–Alania , Ingushetia , Chechnya , and Republic of Dagestan and to the north: Kalmykia . Geographically, the term North Caucasus also refers to the northern slope and western extremity of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, as well as a part of its southern slope to the West. The Pontic–Caspian steppe area

310-567: The Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement. In addition, 26% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious ", 12% is atheist , and 3.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. The Ascension Cathedral is the largest Russian Orthodox church in Novocherkassk , Rostov Oblast, Russia . It used to be one of the largest churches of the Russian Empire and

341-636: The Soviet government . That same year the Soviets purged the university off any seemed disloyal and pro-White movement staff members. Marina Alexandrovna Borovskaya, president of the university, was suspended by the European University Association (EUA) following support for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Union of Rectors (RUR) in March 2022, for being "diametrically opposed to

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372-649: The "commonly-accepted division" that separates Europe from Asia. Russia completed the conquest of the North Caucasus by 1864. Between the 1850s and World War I, about a million North Caucasian Muslims, including Circassians , Chechens , Ingush, Ossetians, and others, became refugees in the Ottoman Empire . The Ottoman government settled North Caucasian refugees in territories of modern-day Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Kosovo, Greece, Cyprus, and North Macedonia, creating

403-536: The 19th century, following the Caucasian War between the Russian Empire and the various regional powers. The territory is the southernmost portion of Russia and is divided between a number of republics and krais . It is administered as part of the North Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts and consists of Krasnodar Krai , Stavropol Krai , and the constituent republics, approximately from west to east:

434-550: The 3,795,607 Russians (90.3%); the 110,727 Armenians (2.6%) and the 77,802 Ukrainians (1.9%). Other important groups are the 35,902 Turks (0.9%); 16,493 Belarusians (0.4%); 13,948 Tatars (0.3%); 17,961 Azerbaijanis (0.4%); 11,449 Chechens (0.3%); 16,657 Romani (0.4%); 11,597 Koreans (0.3%); 8,296 Georgians (0.2%), and 2,040 Assyrians (.05%). There were also 76,498 people (1.8%) belonging to other ethno-cultural groupings. 76,735 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It

465-586: The Blessed Virgin Mary on the decree of the Holy Synod was declared cathedral. The region has 8,057 objects of archaeological heritage of federal importance. These include lower-Gnilovskaya, a settlement and a necropolis, fragments of the walls of the Genoese fortress of the 14th century, the archaeological Museum-reserve "Tanais", and many burial mounds and necropolises. Since 2002, the Rostov region has hosted

496-562: The Holy Virgin ― one of the oldest churches in Rostov-on-Don. For a considerable period of time, Intercession Church served as the principal church not only for the fortress of St. Dimitry of Rostov but also for the people of local settlements. Since the end of the 18th century, the Church of Intercession had been considered to be a cathedral . The status changed in 1822, when Church of the Nativity of

527-722: The ancient Koban culture . Ciscaucasus was historically covered by the Pontic–Caspian steppe , mostly on fertile calcareous chernozyom soils, which has been almost completely tilled and grazed. It is bounded by the Sea of Azov on the west, and the Caspian Sea on the east. According to the Concise Atlas of the World, Second Edition (2008), the Ciscaucasus region lies on the European side of

558-851: The bank had branches in the cities of Taganrog, Shakhty, Gukovo and Donetsk. In 1998 Rostovsotsbank lost solvency, but was able to ensure full repayment of deposits to all depositors before the establishment of the Deposit Insurance System, even before the revocation of the banking license. From 1999 to 2010, one of the largest banks in Southern Russia was Donskoy Narodny Bank ( Don People's Bank ), located in Rostov-on-Don. As of 2022, there are 7 regional credit organizations and 21 bank branches operating in Rostov Oblast. The leading positions are taken by Sberbank , VTB , Alfa-Bank , Rosbank , Center-Invest and Fora-Bank . On 28 August 2024

589-1029: The capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in March-April 1918, and was the place of establishment of the Communist Party of Ukraine . The Rostov Oblast was formed in 1937 out of the Azov-Black Sea Krai . During World War II , it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1943. Population: 4,200,729 ( 2021 Census ) ; 4,277,976 ( 2010 Census ) ; 4,404,013 ( 2002 Census ) ; 4,308,654 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.25 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 69.79 years (male — 65.80, female — 73.67) Residents identified themselves as belonging to 157 different ethnic groups, including 27 of more than 2,000 persons each. The largest ethnicities are

620-495: The country's only races on tractors. The theater has two stages as well as a music and entertainment center, and hosts about 300 performances and concerts annually, as well as various forums and festivals. Its repertoire encompasses both musical traditions, as well as experiments in the field of contemporary art. Major industries of Rostov Oblast are agriculture , agricultural industry, food processing, heavy industry, coal and automobile manufacture. The largest companies in

651-456: The decree of Russian Provisional Government on May 5, 1917. When founded in 1915, Donskoy University was the first higher education institution in Rostov-on-Don and had four academic departments: history & philosophy, medicine, physics & mathematics, and law. In 1917–1920, during Russian Civil War , Rostov-on-Don was under the control of the anti-Soviet coalition forces of Russian White movement including Kaledin 's Don Army . Many of

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682-725: The fall of the Soviet Union, including a low-level armed conflict between Russia and militants associated with the Caucasus Emirate and, from June 2015, the Islamic State . The insurgency became relatively dormant in its later years. During its peak, the violence was mostly concentrated in the North Caucasus republics of Chechnya , Dagestan , Ingushetia and Kabardino-Balkaria . Occasional incidents happened in surrounding regions, such as North Ossetia–Alania , Karachay-Cherkessia , Stavropol Krai , and Volgograd Oblast . While

713-545: The insurgency was officially declared over on 19 December 2017 when FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov announced the final elimination of the insurgent underground in the North Caucasus, counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus have not ended. In June 2022, the US State Department advised citizens not to travel to the North Caucasus, including Chechnya and Mount Elbrus , due to terrorism, kidnapping and risk of civil unrest. Other paramilitaries active in

744-678: The latter's defeat at the hands of the Red Army . The region was informally occupied by the Soviet Union shortly afterwards, and the republic was forced into accepting a nonviolent annexation in January 1921. It was reformed into the Mountainous ASSR , which was later dissolved in October 1924, replaced by a series of autonomous Okrugs and Oblasts. The outer border of the Soviet Union's North Caucasus Krai

775-511: The main church of the Don Host Oblast . The five-domed building, which stands 75 meters tall, is a notable example of Russian Neo-Byzantine architecture . It was erected between 1891 and 1904 on the site of an earlier church. The first church on the site was built to Luigi Rusca 's designs. It collapsed in 1846. A replacement church collapsed 17 years later. Church of the Intercession of

806-664: The north, Krasnodar and Stavropol Krais in the south, and the Republic of Kalmykia in the east. The Rostov oblast is located in the Pontic-Caspian steppe . It is directly north over the North Caucasus and west of the Yergeni hills. It is within the Russian Southern Federal District . The Don River , one of Europe 's longest rivers, flows through the oblast for part of its course. Lakes cover only 0.4% of

837-513: The oblast's area. Historically, at various times, the territory was ruled either entirely or partly by Scythia , ancient Greeks , Old Great Bulgaria , Khazars , Kipchaks , Italians ( Pisa , Venice , Genoa ) the Mongol Empire , the Crimean Khanate , the Ottoman Empire , Russia and Soviet Ukraine . The ancient Greek city of Tanais is located in the province. Taganrog served as

868-695: The region have included the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus , an anti-Georgian organization and a participant in the 1992–1993 Abkhaz conflict that based its flag and political agenda directly on those of the Mountainous Republic. The North Caucasus, especially in its mountainous territories, has the highest life expectancy in Russia. The region is known for a large number of centenarians . Russian political subdivisions associated with

899-543: The region include Novoshakhtinsk Petrochemical Plant , Gloria Jeans Corp. , Rostvertol , Oil-extracting factory "Yug Rusi" , North Caucasian Railway . In the Rostov Region in 1989, the first commercial bank in Southern Russia, Rostovsoсbank , was created on the basis of the regional division of the Zhilsotsbank USSR. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, with four branches operating in Rostov-on-Don. In addition,

930-497: The staff who found refuge at Donskoy University at that time had a strong anti-Soviet stance and students were being drafted to White Army . During the turmoil years of the Civil War the official name of the university was Bogaevsky Donskoy University named after Mitrofan Bogaevsky, assistant to Ataman Alexey Kaledin . Following the takeover of Rostov-on-Don by Red Army in January 1920, the authority over Donskoy University passed to

961-604: Was the same as that of present-day North Caucasus Economic Region (Raion) which includes an oblast ( Rostov Oblast ), two krais ( Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai ), and seven republics. The former North Caucasus Military District (Okrug) also included Astrakhan Oblast , Volgograd Oblast , and the Republic of Kalmykia . Its administrative center was Rostov-on-Don until 10 January 1934, Pyatigorsk until January 1936, then Ordzhonikidze (today Vladikavkaz) and, from 15 December 1936, Voroshilovsk (today Stavropol). The North Caucasus region experienced widespread unrest and insurgency after

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