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45-554: Shortly after coal was discovered in the nearby area, Roslyn, Washington was founded in 1886 by Logan M. Bullet, the Vice President of the Northern Pacific Coal Company. Many immigrants moved to the town seeking employment in the mines, and by 1890, the town had grown to a population of 1,481 residents. As the town's population grew, many local clubs were founded, in which upon membership was dependent on monthly fees and

90-551: A "Great Sachem" and "Great Council" or "Board of Chiefs". The national level is the "Great Council of the United States". The Great Council consists of the "Great Incohonee" (president), and a "Board of Great Chiefs", which includes the "Great Senior Sagamore " (first vice-president), "Great Junior Sagamore", "Great Chief of Records" (secretary), "Great Keeper of the Wampum " (treasurer) and " Prophet " (past president). The headquarters of

135-624: A widespread cholera epidemic in 1832 led to the decline of the organization. In 1834, the Improved Order of Red Men (IORM) was started as a revival in Baltimore. It was focused on temperance, patriotism and American History. In 1835, with only two groups in place (called "tribes" by the IORM), a larger IORM was organized. Unlike the original Order, the IORM uses only expanded Native American titles. Rather than

180-406: Is an African-American cemetery founded in 1888. Many African American miners came to Roslyn during labor strikes, which started in the summer of 1888 and continued for a few years. During the strikes, more than 300 miners moved to the town with the families, which was the largest migration of African Americans to Washington State at the time. Cemeteries at the time were still segregated, so Mt. Olivet

225-553: Is open to people of all ethnic backgrounds. The order itself claims direct descent from the Sons of Liberty , noting that the Sons participated in the Boston Tea Party dressed as their idea of "Indians". Thus, they continue to dress as "Indians" and use Native American terminology, despite being a non-Native organization. The group's ritual terminology is derived from language they believe

270-426: Is used by Native Americans , though it also shows the influence of Freemasonry . Outsiders are called " Palefaces ", to open a meeting is called "kindling the fire", officers' installations are called "Raising up of Chiefs" and voting is called "twigging". The Masonic influence is seen in the three basic degrees – Adoption, Warrior and Chief. There is also a fourth degree, Beneficiary, for insurance. Originally,

315-597: The Cabonari in October 1820. Although he was originally sentenced to death, his sentence was reduced to 15 years in prison. The National Slovak National Assembly #36 was founded in Roslyn on April 6, 1892. While the club was active throughout the early days of the town, it has since been disbanded. Sokol Lodge was formed in 1904 as a Croatian club. One of the main tenets of the club was to promote athleticism among its members. After WWI,

360-774: The England social scene during the 1730s. After similar groups starting appearing in the United States, the American groups distinguished themselves from the original groups by calling themselves the Independent Order of the Oddfellows. The group is known by a symbol of triple rings, which appears frequently in their cemetery. While the Roslyn charter is no longer active, there are active groups in Washington state. The Lithuanian Alliance of America, also known as Susivienijimas Lietuviy Amerikoje,

405-456: The Independent Order of Red Men emerged in Virginia, this time composed entirely of African Americans. When the Improved Order objected to the use of the name, the leader of the group, R. M. Spears, had the charter withdrawn and renamed the group the "Afro-American Order of Red Men and Daughters of Pocahontas ". The Virginia IORM still apparently considered an injunction against the new group, but it

450-639: The Order created the Degree of Hiawatha , as a youth auxiliary for males 8 and up. Most of the members of the Degree of Hiawatha were concentrated in New England . In 1979 there were less than 5,000 members in approximately 125 "Councils". The Order female auxiliary is the Degree of Pocahontas and dates to the 1880s and the Degree of Anona , a junior order of the Degree of Pocahontas, was formed in 1952. The Improved Order of

495-799: The Order has been in Waco, Texas , since at least 1979. They maintain an official museum and library in Waco. A side degree of the order was founded in 1890 as the National Haymakers' Association . There was also once a uniformed division called the Knights of Tammany, as well as a group called the Chieftains League, which consisted of members who had been exalted to the Chief Degree (see below) and were in good standing within their respective "tribes". In 1952,

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540-697: The Party of Rights, Eugen Kvaternik . After he was expelled from the Zagreb gymnasium, he attended Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest and gained doctorate in law. In 1873 he started to work as a lawyer in Jastrebarsko . He became one of the most active members of the Party of Rights after party's activity was renewed in 1878. In 1881 he gained seat in Sabor , Croatian parliament. He was fierce opponent of Károly Khuen-Héderváry , who

585-639: The Party of Rights, he joined to the "Fatherland Faction" ( Domovinaši ) led by Fran Folnegović , but in 1895 he joined Pure Party of Rights led by Josip Frank ; the faction was called Frankovci . Soon, Starčević left the political life. He died in Jastrebarsko on 18 November 1908. Improved Order of the Red Men The Improved Order of Red Men is a fraternal organization established in North America in 1834. It claims direct descent from

630-519: The Red Men was founded in 1834 as an off-shoot from the political group Sons of Liberty , inspired by the Native American costumes worn during the Boston Tea Party . In July 1898, the Roslyn chapter, known as Kitchelas Tribe No.73 I.O.R.M, was formed. The group was known for their fierce patriotism and high moral standards. They were also known for being supporters of the 18th Amendment, which prohibited

675-423: The Red Men grew in membership in the late 19th century. It reached 519,942 members in forty-six states in 1921, but had declined to 31,789 in 32 states in 1978 and to 15,251 by 2011. Until 1974, the Order was open to whites only. That year the 106th Great Council of the United States eliminated the all-white clause in what was called a "turning point for the order". In the present-day, the Improved Order of Red Men

720-450: The applicant's ethnic background, religious beliefs, or cultural customs. These clubs were popular, as they offered their members a way to connect to the communities they had left behind in their native countries, while also making them active participants in their new community. Additionally, in many of the groups, a percentage of the monthly dues provided members with other perks, such as health insurance, disability, and death benefits, which

765-517: The cemeteries which don't have active clubs. The commission is composed of seven appointees, who serve five-year terms. The main responsibilities of the commission include working on historical preservation of the cemeteries and handling any secretarial tasks concerning renovations or maintenance efforts. In February 2017, the Cemetery Commission was briefly disbanded by the City Council after it

810-533: The club dropped in popularity and soon went defunct. In 1902, St. Barbara's was founded by locals Anton Janáček, Lucas Notar, and John Gresnik. During the same year as its founding, the Croatian-based group founded the cemetery. The group is named after Saint Barbara, an Eastern Orthodox Christian martyr from 3rd Century Lebanon. In many Eastern European countries, families regularly celebrate Saint Barbara's day, known as Варвара (Varvara), on December 17. Originally,

855-415: The colonial era Sons of Liberty . Their rituals and regalia are modeled after those assumed by men of the era to be used by Native Americans . Despite the name, the order was formed solely by, and for, white men. This whites-only rule was part of their bylaws until 1974, when the all-white clause was eliminated. Their current position is that they are now open to people of all ethnic backgrounds. In 1935

900-520: The existence of a Great Spirit, the Creator and Preserver of the Universe, and is possessed of some known reputable means of support. In one 1886 "tribe", a member's 12 cent a week dues went into a fund which was used to pay disability benefits to members at a rate of about "three fathoms per seven suns" ($ 3/week) for up to "six moons" (6 months) and then two dollars a week. Some medical care ("a suitable nurse")

945-643: The founding of the Society of American Indians in 1911 and helped organize the SAI's first two conferences. In 1850, the German-language, "Metamora Tribe of Baltimore", refused to pay a benefit, even though the Great Councils of Maryland and the United States decided that it was legal and proper for them to do so. The group then surrendered its charter and formed a new, German-speaking Independent Order of Red Men. It asked

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990-590: The group was associated with G.S.K.J Union, before changing its name in 1944 to the American Fraternal Union. Many tombstones feature pictures of the deceased, which continues a long-standing tradition from native Croatia. St. Thomas Masonic Lodge was founded on June 15, 1888. There are two sections reserved for Veterans. Typically, volunteers take care of upkeep and also decorate the cemeteries for Memorial Day and Veterans Day . David Star%C4%8Devi%C4%87 David Starčević (1840 – November 18, 1908)

1035-540: The groups are no longer active in the area. The city of Roslyn owns Old City Cemetery, New City Cemetery, and the Memorial Gardens. In 1978, the cemeteries were entered into the National Register of Historic Places. In 1999, a city ordinance established the Cemetery Commission, which works as an advisory board to the City Council and Mayor about matters concerning the care and keeping of the city-owned cemeteries and

1080-407: The individual cemeteries and find specific grave sites. The development of the kiosk finished in 2021, with the grand-opening taking place over Memorial Day weekend. Directly translated from Italian, meaning "Hunter of Africa", Cacciatori D'Africa was an Italian hunting lodge formed on April 28, 1890. Their cemetery section was founded in 1900. The Dr. Starcevich Croatian Fraternal Union (Lodge #56)

1125-466: The late 18th century, the Tammany Societies, named after Tamanend , were formed. The most well-known of these was New York City's Society of St. Tammany, which grew into a major political machine known as " Tammany Hall ." For the next 35 years, the original Sons of Liberty and the Sons of St. Tamina groups went their own way, under many different names. Around 1813, a disenchanted group created

1170-562: The late-1890's. Dr. Starcevich No. 2 is currently being used, while Dr.Starevich No.3 is meant for future interments. Lodge #56 is still an active part of the Croatian Fraternal Union . The Druids, an Italian club, was founded in 1900. The Fraternal Order of Eagles was founded in 1898 in Seattle, WA. The Roslyn chapter was founded on April 26, 1904. Many of the gravestones in this section feature symbols of eagles in flight, in honor of

1215-509: The length of these years and months conformed to the conventional Gregorian calendar . The order has historically opposed federal welfare programs, waste in government and Communism. However, there are examples of substantial socialist participation in the organization in pockets of the United States; for example, in southern West Virginia, during the build up to the West Virginia Mine Wars, "the Improved Order of Red Men [was] . . .

1260-553: The lodge. The Ancient Order of the Foresters was founded in England in 1834, with clubs in North America following shortly after. The Roslyn Chapter of the Foresters was founded in the 1890s. Their cemetery's earliest grave dates back to 1894. Conversely, the most recent grave is from 1994. The Roslyn Chapter of the Independent Order of the Oddfellows , also known as I.O.O.F, was in 1888. Oddfellows organizations were first seen in

1305-436: The mining company did not. Beginning in 1887, the mining company began to either donate or sell land for the cemeteries to these local groups for their members to use. Most of the cemetery sections are privately owned by the groups they represent, although many of the clubs don't actually have deeds or any other paperwork that proves ownership, due to fires, mishandled records, or simply the passage of time. Additionally, some of

1350-544: The most comfortable lodge for Socialist miners and other radical workers." After the Civil war in West Virginia, the Improved Order of Red Men became a fraternal organization of some notoriety for vigilante activity. The Red Men Act, West Virginia's anti conspiracy law, was passed in response to a groundswell of such violence. Occasionally this vigilante activity included the use of red masks over their faces. The IORM supported

1395-526: The organization claimed a membership of about half a million but, by 2011, that declined to a little more than 15,000. On December 16, 1773, a group of colonists — all men, and members of the Sons of Liberty — met in Boston to protest the tax on tea imposed by England. When their protest went unheeded, they disguised themselves as their idea of Mohawk people , proceeded to Boston harbor, and dumped overboard 342 chests of English tea. (See Boston Tea Party .) In

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1440-445: The other German-language groups (or Stamms) to join the new group, but few did so. The Independent Order had a height of 12,000 members, though in the 1880s many Stamms returned to the Improved Order. It still existed in 1896, but according to Albert C. Stevens it gave "no sign of vigorous growth". In the early 1920s, Arthur Preuss could not get into contact with them, but felt it probably still existed. In 1904, another group called

1485-470: The philanthropic "Society of Red Men" at historic Fort Mifflin in Philadelphia . The organization grew in the 1820s. Parallel lines of advancement were offered in the Order of Red Men: a series of military titles and a set of “Indian rankings.” Class and ethnic differences introduced by new immigrants, anti-Masonic persecutions , attacks on fraternal groups based on excessive drinking, and, ultimately,

1530-409: The public display of Native American costumes, the IORM uses its regalia in private gatherings. In 1886, its membership requirements were defined in the same pseudo-Indigenous phrasing as the rest of the constitution: Sec. 1. No person shall be entitled to adoption into the Order except a free white male of good moral character and standing, of the full age of twenty-one great suns, who believes in

1575-441: The sale and consumption of alcohol during the 1920s and early 30's. As such, no bartenders or other bar workers were allowed to be buried in their cemetery. In addition to burial benefits, the club also provided members with sickness and accident insurance. The Roslyn chapter disbanded in 1950, although the I.O.R.M is still active in other states. The Serbian Cemetery was founded in 1902 by a local lodge, S.N.F Lodge. Silvio Pellico

1620-814: The society used the Hebrew Anno Mundi system for calendar year numbering when dating their documents, rather than AD (note: the Redmen did not use the Common Era reference); however, in CE 1865, a new system was devised and adopted, known as the "Great Sun of Discovery" (GSD). The first year of the system, known as GSD 1, was the year that Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas, namely AD 1492. In this system, years were known as "great suns" and months were called "moons", each with their own epithet, e.g. "Cold Moon" for January, but

1665-572: Was Croatian politician and prominent member of the Party of Rights . Starčević was born in Žitnik near Gospić in 1840. He is nephew of Ante Starčević , one of the most significant Croatian politicians who was one of the founders of the Party of Rights. He attended gymnasium in Zagreb , but in 1871 he was expelled due to suspicion that he was involved in the Rakovica Revolt , started by other founder of

1710-523: Was an Italian club founded in 1900. The name of the lodge comes from Italian writer Silvio Pellico, who was an active member of the revolutionary group, the Carbonari. Translatable as "charcoal makers", the Carbonari were a patriotic group that participated in protests against Italy being involved with Napoleon's government and worked towards the Unification of Italy. Pellico was arrested for his involvement with

1755-497: Was at the time Ban of Croatia which made him the most popular in the opposition. On 5 October 1885 he attacked Héderváry by grabbing his neck and one of his party colleagues kicked him in his breeches. The event was very popular in Croatia and Starčević boasted with this action. Héderváry denied such event and Starčević was sentenced for six months in prison because of slander, Starčević was also expelled from parliament. After conflict in

1800-429: Was available, and also a death benefit of one hundred dollars. The fund was invested in bonds, mortgages, and "Building Association Stock". Meetings were held weekly on Friday nights. The Order has a three tiered structure. Local units are called "tribes" and are presided over by a " Sachem " and a board of directors. Local meeting sites are called " Wigwams ". The state level is called the " Reservation " and governed by

1845-631: Was discovered that members of the commission also worked with other groups who managed preservation efforts, the Roslyn Cemetery Beneficiary Committee and the Roslyn-Ronald-Cle Elum Heritage Club. This caused concern about potential conflicts of interest. After much public support, the commission was brought back a few months later in August 2017. In 2018, work began on a kiosk database, where visitor's can learn about

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1890-467: Was founded for the local black community. This cemetery was founded in Roslyn in the early 1900s by local members of the National Croatian Society, who had formed their own social club in the nearby town of Ronald, WA. The club merged with another local Croatian club, Dr. Starcevich Lodge. New City Cemetery is an active section, owned and maintained by the city. The New Knights of Pythias

1935-486: Was founded in 1907. In addition to weekly social events, the group was also known for having age and insurance benefits. The Lithuanian Cemetery was formed in 1909. In 2009, a monument was erected in the cemetery as a celebration of the 100-year anniversary of the cemetery. The Moose Lodge was founded in Roslyn in 1911. In 1931, the lodge combined with the Ellensburg Moose Lodge, which is still active. Mt. Olivet

1980-566: Was founded in the 1930s to serve as additional room for the original cemetery, named Old Knights of Pythias. Old City Cemetery was founded in March 1888 and is the oldest section of the cemeteries. The Old Knights of Pythias, also known as Welcome Lodge #30, was founded in 1887. The Polish cemetery is sometimes referred to as the Polish-Lithuanian cemetery, due to the close ties of the two nationalities throughout history. The Improved Order of

2025-409: Was founded on October 11, 1897, by Filip Tonkovic, although the club wasn't officially incorporated until April 5, 1898 . The lodge is named after David Starčević , a Croatian politician in the 1880s and one of the founders of the Party of Rights, a nationalist party who wanted Croatia to gain their independence. The groups owns three sections of the cemetery, with Dr. Starcevich No.1 being formed in

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