54-577: Ronceverte is a city in Greenbrier County , West Virginia , United States, on the Greenbrier River . The population was 1,572 at the 2020 census . Ronceverte might have been named "Edgar", for the high number of Edgars who lived in the town, but the name was settled by a leading entrepreneur of the area, Cecil Clay, president of the St. Lawrence Boom and Manufacturing Company . According to Clay, he saw
108-413: A fit of rage. Shue's body was exhumed, and based on the results of an autopsy, Edward Shue was tried and convicted of murder. A historical marker located along U.S. Route 60 at Sam Black Church describes it as the "[o]nly known case in which testimony from [a] ghost helped convict a murderer." During the decade prior to World War II , several Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps were located along
162-618: A government site. In the June 2016 floods that affected the state of West Virginia, Greenbrier County suffered 16 casualties, the most of any county. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 1,025 square miles (2,650 km ), of which 1,020 square miles (2,600 km ) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km ) (0.5%) is water. It is the second-largest county in West Virginia by area. Much of
216-638: A hotel. During the years of the Cold War , a large underground bunker was built beneath a section of new construction at the hotel, to serve as a secret Congressional refuge in case of nuclear attack. It was one of the sites to be used as part of the United States Continuity of Operations Plan . After it was reported in a 1992 article, following the fall of the Soviet Union, the US government decommissioned it as
270-476: A household in the county was $ 26,927, and the median income for a family was $ 33,292. Males had a median income of $ 26,157 versus $ 19,620 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 16,247. About 14.50% of families and 18.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.70% of those under age 18 and 16.00% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 35,480 people, 15,443 households, and 9,903 families residing in
324-617: A suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population
378-648: A very pretty young woman at the Ronceverte Depot. The incident inspired a song, "The Pretty Girl of Ronceverte", written by Thomas Thackston and set to music by Charles Pratt. The music is on display at the Ronceverte Public Library. On September 10–19 the Outdoor Amphitheater stages Riders of the Flood , a popular historical drama based on the book by Pocahontas County author W. E. Blackhurst for
432-460: Is French for "Bramble Green", which is the Gallic equivalent for "Greenbrier". Greenbriers are a common vine ( Smilax rotundifolia ), and a humorous myth has it the surveyors were trapped in a thicket of the painful vines when they discovered the Greenbrier River . French surveyors were likely the first cartographers for the area, although many of the details have been lost to history. The river
486-448: Is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is
540-539: Is a proud railroad town, a part of the C&;O lines that connected Pocahontas County to Hinton , and to Clifton Forge, Virginia . Ronceverte was part of the "Gravel Girtie" line where Hinton-based train cars were sent to the limestone quarry at Fort Spring and loaded with crushed lime. This cargo was sent to Clifton Forge where it fluxed in the large furnaces. During World War II the tracks carried German prisoners of war to areas like local farms and projects. One of
594-563: Is appointed by the Board, provides administrative supervision for the system. The School Board Office is located on Church Street in Lewisburg . Following a trend in West Virginia, schools at the secondary level are consolidated, while elementary schools continue to be located within small communities. Greenbrier Valley Airport is a single runway airport 3 miles north of Lewisburg, West Virginia . Flights are provided by Contour Airlines . Amtrak ,
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#1732869226973648-528: Is close by, encouraging further business from a large area. The public access includes a boat launch for swimmers and fishers, and an outdoor amphitheater . Every June this area is inundated with the Ronceverte River Festival, where a unique raffle is held by floating hundreds of small, numbered yellow ducks into the river. The winning duck can be a cash prize or a new truck; runners-up are gifts from local businesses to support county interests. As of
702-445: Is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density
756-763: Is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on
810-610: Is governed by a three-person, elected County Commission. Other elected officers include the Sheriff, County Clerk, Circuit Clerk, Assessor, Prosecuting Attorney, Surveyor, and three Magistrates. Greenbrier County Schools is the operating school system within Greenbrier County. The school system is governed by the Greenbrier County Board of Education, which is elected on a non-partisan basis. The Superintendent of Schools, who
864-538: Is still inseparable from the culture of the town itself, considered one of the earliest significant river ports in the Greenbrier River watershed . Ronceverte has been significantly impacted by the Greenbrier River flooding in 1985, 1996, and 2016. The Hokes Mill Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. The Ronceverte Historic District was listed in 2005. Ronceverte
918-578: The 2020 census , the population was 32,977. Its county seat is Lewisburg . The county was formed in 1778 from Botetourt and Montgomery counties in Virginia . Prior to the arrival of European-American settlers around 1740, Greenbrier County, like most of West Virginia, was used as a hunting ground by the Shawnee and Cherokee nations. They called this land Can-tuc-kee . Shawnee leaders, including Pucksinwah and later his son Tecumseh , were alarmed by
972-614: The Greenbrier River . For most of the 20th century, the Meadow River Lumber Company operated the world's largest hardwood sawmill in Rainelle . During World War II The Greenbrier hotel was used as a military hospital. Sections were used as an internment center for Axis diplomats who were stranded in the United States during the war. When the war ended, the military returned the hotel to private control, and it re-opened as
1026-499: The census of 2010, there were 1,765 people, 753 households, and 446 families living in the city. The population density was 1,038.2 inhabitants per square mile (400.9/km). There were 866 housing units at an average density of 509.4 units per square mile (196.7 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.7% White , 5.6% African American , 0.1% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 0.1% from other races , and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of
1080-426: The colonial period, including a raid on Fort Randolph and later on Fort Donnally, then inhabited by 25 men and 60 women and children. One of the heroic defenders of Fort Donnally was an African American slave named Dick Pointer . Pointer, said to have been nearly 7 feet (2.1 m) tall, defended the log door with Philip Hamman, giving the settlers enough time to awaken and defend themselves. Pointer later addressed
1134-539: The depots for the area, the Rockland Depot, has been lost to history and only the name of Rockland Road in Ronceverte remains. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.73 square miles (4.48 km), of which 1.70 square miles (4.40 km) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km) is water. Ronceverte's economic area is in the downtown section, crossed with railroad tracks for
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#17328692269731188-474: The state itself, the county has shifted further the right since the start of the 21st Century with Bill Clinton being the last presidential candidate to win the county in 1996 . It had still had gone for Democratic candidates on other elections until the mid to late 2010s such as the 2016 gubernatorial election , and in 2018 by Joe Manchin in the Senate race. Like all West Virginia Counties, Greenbrier County
1242-521: The Montague family. The famous "Greenbrier Ghost" trial occurred at Sam Black Church. Zona Heaster Shue, the wife of Edward Shue, was found dead on January 23, 1897. The coroner initially listed her cause of her death as "everlasting faint", then as "childbirth." Shue's mother, Mary Jane Heaster, testified in court that her daughter's ghost had visited her on four separate occasions, claiming that her neck had been broken by her husband, who had strangled her in
1296-683: The Ohio. Confrontations, sometimes violent, increased between the Native Americans and settlers. In 1774, the Earl of Dunmore , then governor of the colonies of New York and Virginia , decided to raise an army of 3,000 men to attack the Shawnees in their homeland in present-day Ohio. Half of these men were inducted at Fort Pitt , while the other half assembled at Fort Union under the command of General Andrew Lewis . The town of present-day Lewisburg developed around
1350-533: The Riders of the Flood Outdoor Drama. The play's theme is a demonstration of Ronceverte's importance in the turn of the 20th century, when its St. Lawrence Boom and Lumber Company was the largest softwood mill in the country, and traces of its industry have sculpted Ronceverte's portion of the Greenbrier River to the shape it is today. All proceeds from the play are recycled back into the town of Ronceverte with
1404-563: The Union and an equal amount to the Confederate army, with approximately 2,000 men from Greenbrier county joining the Confederate army . In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships , with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts . Greenbrier County
1458-639: The Virginia General Assembly and gave a moving appeal that "in the decline of life" he requested to be freed for his defense of Fort Donnally. Historic accounts differ as to whether the legislature granted his wish. His grave is marked beside Carnegie Hall in the county seat of Lewisburg , and a historical marker stands prominently in the midst of the Lewisburg Cemetery. Pointer's gun is on permanent display at The Greenbrier Historical Society and John A. North House Museum in Lewisburg . During
1512-459: The area of the northern and western parts of the county is either public ( Monongahela National Forest ), coal land, or private forest, owned by companies such as MeadWestvaco and CSX . In 2005, Invenergy , LLC of Chicago Illinois announced plans to build the $ 300 million, 124- turbine Beech Ridge Wind Farm along the tops of several Greenbrier County mountains. The wind farm would produce 186 megawatts of electricity. Development, which
1566-547: The arrival of the European settlers, who by 1771 had set up extensive trade in the area. The day books of early merchants Sampson and George Mathews recorded sales to the Shawnee that included such luxury items as silk, hats, silver, and tailor-made suits. Shawnee leaders feared the loss of their hunting lands, which were vital to their survival. They believed the white settlers would continue to encroach on their territory downriver on
1620-403: The average family size was 2.77. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.6 males. The median income for a household in the city
1674-423: The city. The population density was 1,093.7 people per square mile (422.3 people/km). There were 780 housing units at an average density of 547.9 units per square mile (211.5 units/km). The racial makeup of the city was 91.33% White , 7.13% African American , 0.51% Native American , 0.13% Asian , 0.19% from other races , and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of
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1728-606: The county in mid 1861, and several battles were fought in the area, including Lewisburg in May 1862 and White Sulphur Springs in August 1863. Both battles were Union victories. Greenbrier County became part of the new state of West Virginia, although it never participated in any of the votes held by the Restored Government in Wheeling . West Virginia contributed approximately 20,000 men to
1782-413: The county. The population density was 34.8 inhabitants per square mile (13.4/km ). There were 18,980 housing units at an average density of 18.6 units per square mile (7.2 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 94.6% white, 2.8% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.2% of
1836-414: The county. The population density was 34 people per square mile (13 people/km ). There were 17,644 housing units at an average density of 17 units per square mile (6.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 95.23% White , 3.04% Black or African American , 0.34% Native American , 0.19% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.15% from other races , and 1.04% from two or more races. 0.68% of
1890-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)
1944-542: The former Chesapeake & Ohio and a large floodplain that causes occasional adjustment for its citizens. Grants from Tony Hawk and the Izaak Walton League have allowed this public area to grow for the health and recreational opportunities for its citizens. A ball field, swimming pool, playground, interpretive walk and walking track appeal to all ages adjacent to a public access point of the Greenbrier River , where picnickers are welcome. The county's recycling depot
1998-521: The fort and was named for that commander. By early October of that year, Lewis' force had marched downstream to the mouth of the Kanawha River . They fought the Battle of Point Pleasant against a Shawnee force led by Hokoleskwa , also known as Cornstalk. This site later developed as the town of Point Pleasant, West Virginia . European settlers were subjected to a number of raids by Native Americans during
2052-438: The intention of improving the community, uplifting its economy, and fostering civic pride. Riders of the Flood is a member of West Virginia's Institute for Outdoor Drama. At this point, it is a purely volunteer program, as is its sequel, Big Dreams, Restless Spirit . Greenbrier County, West Virginia Greenbrier County ( / ˈ ɡ r iː n b r aɪ . ər / ) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia . As of
2106-420: The name on an old Jesuit map from Fort Duquesne . His argument was that the name "looked well in print and was euphonious in sound." As the owner of the town's site, Clay argued he had the right to decide on the name, but the residents could change the name to whatever they wanted once Ronceverte was fully established. That day has never happened. Since April 1, 1882, the town has been Ronceverte. Ronceverte
2160-515: The national passenger rail service, provides service to White Sulphur Springs and Alderson under the Cardinal route. 37°57′N 80°27′W / 37.95°N 80.45°W / 37.95; -80.45 Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It
2214-417: The nine remaining townships became magisterial districts. A tenth district, Frankford, was created from part of Falling Spring District between 1910 and 1920. In the 1990s the ten historic magisterial districts were consolidated into three new districts: Eastern, Western, and Central. What is claimed to be the oldest golf course in the United States was founded in 1884 just north of White Sulphur Springs by
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2268-506: The number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore,
2322-441: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 14,571 households, out of which 27.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.20% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.90% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2376-407: The population. There were 686 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and
2430-440: The population. There were 753 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.8% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2484-415: The population. In terms of ancestry, 17.8% were Irish, 17.0% were German, 12.0% were English, and 10.0% were American. Of the 15,443 households, 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.9% were non-families, and 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
2538-478: The secession crisis of 1861 Greenbrier citizens chose Samuel Price as their delegate to the Richmond convention . On April 17, 1861, the day Virginia's secession ordinance was passed he voted against it, but later changed his mind and signed the official document. When the public vote on the secession ordinance was held on May 23, 1861, Greenbrier county voted 1,000 to 100 in favor of secession. The Civil War came to
2592-595: The worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed
2646-405: Was $ 24,400, and the median income for a family was $ 27,500. Males had a median income of $ 31,307 versus $ 20,313 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,731. About 15.7% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 30.1% of those under the age of 18 and 12.6% of those 65 and older. In the late 1880s, a man was traveling through on the rail and saw
2700-431: Was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age in the city was 43.6 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.3% male and 53.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,557 people, 686 households, and 447 families living in
2754-470: Was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age was 45.0 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 33,732 and the median income for a family was $ 43,182. Males had a median income of $ 34,845 versus $ 27,254 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 20,044. About 14.7% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over. Much like
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#17328692269732808-400: Was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83. In the county, the population was spread out, with 21.60% under the age of 18, 7.70% from 18 to 24, 26.10% from 25 to 44, 26.90% from 45 to 64, and 17.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 92.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.80 males. The median income for
2862-572: Was initially divided into ten townships: Anthony's Creek, Big Levels, Blue Sulphur, Falling Spring, Fort Spring, Irish Corner, Lewisburg, Meadow Bluff, White Sulphur, and Williamsburg. Lewisburg District was co-extensive with the town of Lewisburg until 1871, when Big Levels Township was divided between Lewisburg and Falling Spring Townships. The same year, Summers County was formed from parts of Greenbrier, Fayette , Mercer , and Monroe Counties. The portion of Greenbrier County that became part of Summers County belonged to Blue Sulphur Township. In 1872,
2916-591: Was originally expected to begin in late 2007, was stalled when the state Supreme Court agreed to hear the case brought by opponents of the project. Ultimately, The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the developers, clearing the way for construction to begin in the summer of 2009. However, in July of that year, a U.S. District Court in Maryland agreed to hear a case filed by opponents. As of the census of 2000, there were 34,453 people, 14,571 households, and 9,922 families residing in
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