119-409: Ronald Lyle Goldman (July 2, 1968 – June 12, 1994) was an American restaurant waiter and aspiring actor. A volunteer working with children suffering from cerebral palsy , Goldman appeared as a contestant on the short-lived game show Studs in early 1992. In 1994, Goldman became a friend of Nicole Brown Simpson , the ex-wife of American football player O. J. Simpson . On June 12, 1994, Goldman
238-464: A low birth weight . In those who are born with a weight between 1 kg (2.2 lbs) and 1.5 kg (3.3 lbs) CP occurs in 6%. Among those born before 28 weeks of gestation it occurs in 8%. Genetic factors are believed to play an important role in prematurity and cerebral palsy generally. In those who are born between 34 and 37 weeks the risk is 0.4% (three times normal). In babies who are born at term risk factors include problems with
357-654: A wildlife corridor linking the Santa Monica Mountains with other undeveloped habitat. Mountain lions have been seen roaming the neighborhoods. The lake lies within the watershed of Malibu Creek . Water from the lake must be released into the creek in compliance with an agreement between the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Westlake Lake Management Association, a private entity that oversees
476-415: A 30-year career in sales to pursue those goals by taking a $ 100,000-a-year job with the nonprofit Safe Streets Coalition. Since 1998 Goldman and his second wife, Patti, have been living off book profits, speaking fees. "Nicole. Jesus. I looked down and saw her on the ground in front of me, curled up in a fetal position at the base of the stairs, not moving. Goldman was only a few feet away, slumped against
595-531: A brief time in the custody of his mother, Sharon Rufo ( née Fohrman), he was raised by his father, Frederic Goldman (born December 6, 1940). Goldman lived with his father and his younger sister, Kimberly. Goldman was raised Jewish. Goldman attended high school at Adlai E. Stevenson High School in Lincolnshire, Illinois . He was a student at Illinois State University for one semester, where he planned to major in psychology, and he also had an interest in becoming
714-515: A city from existing in two separate counties. In addition to being a bedroom community for Los Angeles via the Ventura (101) Freeway , it is also home to many large commercial offices and the headquarters of the Dole Food Company , K-Swiss and J.D. Power and Associates . The western region office (Region 5) of Anheuser-Busch Inc. is also located in the community. Pacific Coast Highway , and
833-502: A difficult delivery, and head trauma during the first few years of life. New studies suggest that inherited genetic causes play a role in 25% of cases, where formerly it was believed that 2% of cases were genetically determined. Sub-types are classified, based on the specific problems present. For example, those with stiff muscles have spastic cerebral palsy , poor coordination in locomotion have ataxic cerebral palsy , and writhing movements have dyskinetic cerebral palsy . Diagnosis
952-576: A higher risk of respiratory failure . For bones to attain their normal shape and size, they require the stresses from normal musculature. People with cerebral palsy are at risk of low bone mineral density . The shafts of the bones are often thin (gracile), and become thinner during growth. When compared to these thin shafts ( diaphyses ), the centres ( metaphyses ) often appear quite enlarged (ballooning). Due to more than normal joint compression caused by muscular imbalances, articular cartilage may atrophy, leading to narrowed joint spaces. Depending on
1071-467: A man yelling, "Hey! Hey! Hey!" who was then shouted at by a second man. He also heard a gate slam. Goldman's family came to believe that Ron was the man shouting "Hey!" and that he may have attempted to save Brown by intervening in the attack. Goldman was 20 days shy of his 26th birthday when he died. He is buried at Pierce Brothers Valley Oaks Memorial Park in Westlake Village, California . Simpson
1190-675: A model for Barry Zeldes, owner of the Z90049 store in Brentwood Gardens. Not long before his death, he earned an emergency medical technician license, but he decided not to pursue that as a career. Instead, Goldman told friends that he wanted to open a bar or restaurant in the Brentwood area. He planned for the venue to be known not by a name but by the ankh , an Egyptian religious symbol of life that he had tattooed on his shoulder. According to his friend Jeff Keller, he wanted to learn all facets of
1309-406: A more severe Gross Motor Function Classification System assessment in particular are considered risk factors for multimorbidity . Other medical issues can be mistaken for being symptoms of cerebral palsy, and so may not be treated correctly. Related conditions can include apraxia , sensory impairments, urinary incontinence , fecal incontinence , or behavioural disorders. Seizure management
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#17330847591721428-844: A pledge in Sigma Nu fraternity. After his family relocated to Southern California when he was 18 years old, however, Goldman discontinued his studies and followed his family. Prior to relocating with his family, Goldman worked as a camp counselor and had experience volunteering with children who suffered from cerebral palsy. While living in Los Angeles, Goldman took some classes at Pierce College . He learned to surf and enjoyed playing beach volleyball, rollerblading, and nightclubbing. Upon arriving in California, Goldman lived independently from his family and supported himself as an employment headhunter, tennis instructor, and waiter . He worked occasionally as
1547-476: A radio talk show host that Simpson could keep the money under one condition, stating that if Simpson "wants to write out a complete confession and publish it in newspapers around the country, we'll be glad to ignore the judgment. That will never happen". In 1996 the Goldman family signed a book contract, with a guaranteed advance of $ 450,000 and received additional funds based on the sales of their book. Fred Goldman left
1666-424: A salad, less than 40 minutes before he was killed. He then drove to Brown’s condominium, using his friend Andrea Scott's car. Goldman and Brown were stabbed to death on the walkway leading to the condominium at 875 South Bundy Drive; their bodies were discovered shortly after midnight. Goldman's knuckles were bruised; Simpson's defense team argued that this indicated he had fought strongly, while prosecutors argued it
1785-506: A server shift at Mezzaluna Trattoria in Brentwood. Brown called to report that her mother had inadvertently dropped her reading glasses outside by the gutter when they dined there earlier in the evening. Goldman had not been their server, but after a search at the restaurant turned up the glasses, Goldman agreed, at Brown’s request, to drop them off at her home after work. "Ron interjected he’d be happy to return them," said Tia Gavin, who waited on
1904-415: A small jawbone, or a small head sometimes occur along with CP. Symptoms may appear or change as a child gets older. Babies born with cerebral palsy do not immediately present with symptoms. Classically, CP becomes evident when the baby reaches the developmental stage at 6 to 9 months and is starting to mobilise, where preferential use of limbs, asymmetry, or gross motor developmental delay is seen. Drooling
2023-583: A very reliable indicator of malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy. Due to challenges in feeding, evidence has shown that children with cerebral palsy are at a greater risk of malnutrition. Speech and language disorders are common in people with cerebral palsy. The incidence of dysarthria is estimated to range from 31% to 88%, and around a quarter of people with CP are non-verbal. Speech problems are associated with poor respiratory control, laryngeal and velopharyngeal dysfunction, and oral articulation disorders that are due to restricted movement in
2142-436: A women's shelter. The jury found Simpson liable for the wrongful deaths of Goldman and Brown and awarded the Goldman family $ 33 million. In an interview with Barbara Walters , Fred Goldman said that during Simpson's civil trial, he was approached by a stranger who offered to sell him an untraceable high-powered rifle to kill Simpson or to hire someone to kill Simpson for him, but the appalled Goldman refused. Fred Goldman told
2261-406: Is a developmental disability . Once a person is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, further diagnostic tests are optional. Neuroimaging with CT or MRI is warranted when the cause of a person's cerebral palsy has not been established. An MRI is preferred over CT, due to diagnostic yield and safety. When abnormal, evidence from neuroimaging may suggest the timing of the initial damage. The CT or MRI
2380-465: Is a city in Los Angeles County, California on its western border with Ventura County . Upon its incorporation in 1981, Westlake Village became the 82nd municipality of Los Angeles County. The population of the city was 8,029 at the 2020 census , down from 8,270 at the 2010 census . The city is named after the master-planned community surrounding Westlake Lake . With the lake at the center,
2499-502: Is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles , weak muscles , and tremors . There may be problems with sensation , vision , hearing , and speech . Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children. Other symptoms may include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning . While symptoms may get more noticeable over
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#17330847591722618-416: Is a small risk associated with sedating children to facilitate a clear MRI. The age when CP is diagnosed is important, but medical professionals disagree over the best age to make the diagnosis. The earlier CP is diagnosed correctly, the better the opportunities are to provide the child with physical and educational help, but there might be a greater chance of confusing CP with another problem, especially if
2737-405: Is also capable of revealing treatable conditions, such as hydrocephalus , porencephaly , arteriovenous malformation , subdural hematomas and hygromas , and a vermian tumour (which a few studies suggest are present 5–22% of the time). Furthermore, abnormalities detected by neuroimaging may indicate a high likelihood of associated conditions, such as epilepsy and intellectual disability. There
2856-656: Is also classified according to the topographic distribution of muscle spasticity. This method classifies children as diplegic , (bilateral involvement with leg involvement greater than arm involvement), hemiplegic (unilateral involvement), or quadriplegic (bilateral involvement with arm involvement equal to or greater than leg involvement). Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy characterized by spasticity or high muscle tone often resulting in stiff, jerky movements. Itself an umbrella term encompassing spastic hemiplegia , spastic diplegia , spastic quadriplegia and – where solely one limb or one specific area of
2975-482: Is also common where eating difficulties exist, caused by undetected aspiration of food or liquids. Fine finger dexterity, like that needed for picking up a utensil, is more frequently impaired than gross manual dexterity, like that needed for spooning food onto a plate. Grip strength impairments are less common. Children with severe cerebral palsy, particularly with oropharyngeal issues, are at risk of undernutrition . Triceps skin fold tests have been found to be
3094-1019: Is based on the child's development. Blood tests and medical imaging may be used to rule out other possible causes. Some causes of CP are preventable through immunization of the mother, and efforts to prevent head injuries in children such as improved safety. There is no known cure for CP, but supportive treatments, medication and surgery may help individuals. This may include physical therapy , occupational therapy and speech therapy . Mouse NGF has been shown to improve outcomes and has been available in China since 2003. Medications such as diazepam , baclofen and botulinum toxin may help relax stiff muscles. Surgery may include lengthening muscles and cutting overly active nerves . Often, external braces and Lycra splints and other assistive technology are helpful with mobility. Some affected children can achieve near normal adult lives with appropriate treatment. While alternative medicines are frequently used, there
3213-604: Is between 21% and 64%. Higher levels of impairment on the GMFCS are associated with scoliosis and hip dislocation. Scoliosis can be corrected with surgery, but CP makes surgical complications more likely, even with improved techniques. Hip migration can be managed by soft tissue procedures such as adductor musculature release. Advanced degrees of hip migration or dislocation can be managed by more extensive procedures such as femoral and pelvic corrective osteotomies . Both soft tissue and bony procedures aim at prevention of hip dislocation in
3332-597: Is characterized by abnormal muscle tone , reflexes, or motor development and coordination. The neurological lesion is primary and permanent while orthopedic manifestations are secondary to high muscle tone and progressive. In cerebral palsy with high muscle tone, unequal growth between muscle-tendon units and bone eventually leads to bone and joint deformities. At first, deformities are dynamic. Over time, deformities tend to become static, and joint contractures develop. Deformities in general and static deformities in specific ( joint contractures ) cause increasing gait difficulties in
3451-604: Is common among children with cerebral palsy, which can have a variety of impacts including social rejection, impaired speaking, damage to clothing and books, and mouth infections. It can additionally cause choking. An average of 55.5% of people with cerebral palsy experience lower urinary tract symptoms , more commonly excessive storage issues than voiding issues. Those with voiding issues and pelvic floor overactivity can deteriorate as adults and experience upper urinary tract dysfunction . Children with CP may also have sensory processing issues. Adults with cerebral palsy have
3570-480: Is common and may result from the inherent deficits associated with the condition, along with the numerous procedures children typically face. When children with cerebral palsy are in pain, they experience worse muscle spasms. Pain is associated with tight or shortened muscles, abnormal posture, stiff joints, unsuitable orthosis , etc. Hip migration or dislocation is a recognizable source of pain in CP children and especially in
3689-510: Is common in children with CP. Children with CP may have too little or too much sensitivity around and in the mouth. Poor balance when sitting, lack of control of the head, mouth, and trunk, not being able to bend the hips enough to allow the arms to stretch forward to reach and grasp food or utensils, and lack of hand-eye coordination can make self-feeding difficult. Feeding difficulties are related to higher GMFCS levels. Dental problems can also contribute to difficulties with eating. Pneumonia
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3808-503: Is due to abnormal development or damage occurring to the developing brain. This damage can occur during pregnancy, delivery, the first month of life, or less commonly in early childhood. Structural problems in the brain are seen in 80% of cases, most commonly within the white matter . More than three-quarters of cases are believed to result from issues that occur during pregnancy. Most children who are born with cerebral palsy have more than one risk factor associated with CP. Cerebral palsy
3927-532: Is headquartered in Westlake Village. In 1994, Dole announced that it would finalize its plans to build its world headquarters on a 30-acre (120,000 m ) site owned by the company, located north of the Ventura Freeway in Westlake Village. The decision had been delayed by groundwater contamination tests and reviewing of possible site plan revisions. Dole was expected to submit its plans for final approval by
4046-671: Is in the Las Virgenes Unified School District (LVUSD). Residents are zoned to White Oak Elementary School in Westlake Village, Lindero Canyon Middle School in Agoura Hills , and Agoura High School in Agoura Hills. A portion in the south is in the Santa Monica–Malibu Unified School District . The Ventura County portions of the master planned community of Westlake Village, which is in
4165-427: Is intention (action) tremor , which is especially apparent when carrying out precise movements, such as tying shoe laces or writing with a pencil. This symptom gets progressively worse as the movement persists, making the hand shake. As the hand gets closer to accomplishing the intended task, the trembling intensifies, which makes it even more difficult to complete. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated DCP)
4284-561: Is more difficult in people with CP as seizures often last longer. Epilepsy and asthma are common co-occurring diseases in adults with CP. The associated disorders that co-occur with cerebral palsy may be more disabling than the motor function problems. Managing respiratory illnesses in children with severe CP is considered complex due to the need to manage oropharyngeal dysphagia of both food/drink and saliva, gastroesophageal reflux , motor disorders, upper airway obstruction during sleep, malnutrition, among other factors. Cerebral palsy
4403-422: Is no evidence to support their use. Potential treatments are being examined, including stem cell therapy . However, more research is required to determine if it is effective and safe. Cerebral palsy is the most common movement disorder in children, occurring in about 2.1 per 1,000 live births. It has been documented throughout history, with the first known descriptions occurring in the work of Hippocrates in
4522-579: Is not contagious and cannot be contracted in adulthood. CP is almost always developed in utero, or prior to birth. While in certain cases there is no identifiable cause, typical causes include problems in intrauterine development (e.g. exposure to radiation, infection, fetal growth restriction ), hypoxia of the brain (thrombotic events, placental insufficiency , umbilical cord prolapse ), birth trauma during labor and delivery, and complications around birth or during childhood. In Africa birth asphyxia , high bilirubin levels , and infections in newborns of
4641-407: Is often found in the child before they are 1 year old, or also before they are four or five. In addition to these, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities contributing to bowel obstruction, vomiting, and constipation may also arise. Adults with cerebral palsy may have ischemic heart disease , cerebrovascular disease , cancer , and trauma more often. Obesity in people with cerebral palsy or
4760-420: Is primarily associated with damage to the basal ganglia and the substantia nigra in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. DCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia , due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone. Clinical diagnosis of DCP typically occurs within 18 months of birth and
4879-415: Is primarily based upon motor function and neuroimaging techniques. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is an extrapyramidal form of cerebral palsy. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy can be divided into two different groups; choreoathetosis and dystonia . Choreo-athetotic CP is characterized by involuntary movements, whereas dystonic CP is characterized by slow, strong contractions, which may occur locally or encompass
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4998-439: Is sometimes genetic and can cause ataxic cerebral palsy . After birth, other causes include toxins, severe jaundice , lead poisoning , physical brain injury, stroke , abusive head trauma , incidents involving hypoxia to the brain (such as near drowning ), and encephalitis or meningitis . Infections in the mother, even those not easily detected, can triple the risk of the child developing cerebral palsy. Infection of
5117-453: Is under-recognized in children with cerebral palsy, even though three out of four children with cerebral palsy experience pain. Adults with CP also experience more pain than the general population. Associated disorders include intellectual disabilities , seizures, muscle contractures , abnormal gait, osteoporosis , communication disorders, malnutrition, sleep disorders, and mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Epilepsy
5236-569: The Communication Function Classification System , and the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System have been proposed to describe those functions. There are three main CP classifications by motor impairment: spastic, ataxic, and dyskinetic. Additionally, there is a mixed type that shows a combination of features of the other types. These classifications reflect the areas of the brain that are damaged. Cerebral palsy
5355-444: The If I Did It book sales to the newly founded Ron Goldman Foundation for Justice. It provides grants for multiple organizations and programs that provide resources to victims and survivors of violent crimes. One of the largest donors to the foundation is Las Vegas executive Mark Goldman, Fred Goldman's first cousin. Goldman is portrayed by: Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy ( CP )
5474-571: The Ronald Reagan (118) Freeway also run nearby. It is a short drive to the mall in Thousand Oaks. Much of Westlake Village is surrounded by open space, including hiking and horse trails, as well as the vast Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area . The town is in the northwestern Santa Monica Mountains area, and is 9 miles (14 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean. The area is within
5593-478: The state legislature , Westlake Village is located in California's 27th State Senate district , represented by Democrat Henry Stern , and in California's 44th State Assembly district , represented by Democrat Jacqui Irwin. Federally, Westlake Village is located in California's 26th congressional district , which has a Cook PVI of D +2 and is represented by Democrat Julia Brownley . As of May 2009, 1,943 (33%) of
5712-608: The 5,876 registered voters in Westlake Village are registered as Democrats, 2,583 (44%) as Republicans, and 1,101 (19%) declined to state a party affiliation. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department operates the Malibu/Lost Hills Station in Calabasas , serving Westlake Village. As of 1990 the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District includes Westlake Village. The majority of the municipality
5831-525: The 5th century BCE. Extensive study began in the 19th century by William John Little , after whom spastic diplegia was called "Little's disease". William Osler first named it "cerebral palsy" from the German zerebrale Kinderlähmung (cerebral child-paralysis). Cerebral palsy is defined as "a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in
5950-680: The Albertson Company used the vast area as a movie ranch. Many movies and television shows were filmed in the Conejo Valley, including Robin Hood , King Rat , Laredo , and various episodes of Tarzan , Buck Rogers , Gunsmoke and Bonanza . The 1940 film Danger Ahead was filmed on Westlake Boulevard. In 1963, Daniel K. Ludwig 's American-Hawaiian Steamship Company bought the 12,000 acre (49 km ) ranch for $ 32 million and, in partnership with Prudential Insurance Company, commissioned
6069-454: The Brown party. The Los Angeles Times reported that Goldman "punched out at 9:33 pm and stayed another 15 minutes to have bottled water at the bar." He made plans to go out with Mezzaluna's bartender Stewart Tanner later that evening. Before returning the glasses, Goldman stopped by his Brentwood apartment at 11663 Gorham Avenue, presumably to shower and change clothes; his autopsy indicated he ate
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#17330847591726188-484: The Chumash Indians in the Conejo Valley. Father Juan Crespí , chaplain and diarist of the expedition, wrote about El Triumfo, a Chumash village. He wrote that there was plenty of water and firewood in the village, and that the land was covered with pastures. He wrote: "We are on a plain of considerable extent and much beauty, forested on all parts by live oaks and oak trees, with much pasturage and water." Crespí named
6307-714: The City of Thousand Oaks, are in the Conejo Valley Unified School District . An off-campus center of California Lutheran University is located nearby in Thousand Oaks. The Las Virgenes Municipal Water District supplies potable, recycled and wastewater services to residents and businesses in Westlake Village. Westlake Village was home to Russell Ranch which was used to film Robin Hood (1922), Come On, Tarzan (1932), Buck Rogers (1939), King Rat (1965), Laredo (1965–67), Gunsmoke (1955–1975) and Bonanza (1959–1973). The Lash (1930)
6426-404: The Goldman family will get "nothing" from the estate. A few days later, Simpson's attorney backtracked and confirmed that Simpson's estate will settle the legal verdict with the Brown and Goldman families, and said that his statements were made out of a moment of frustration over what he felt were "insensitive" remarks about Simpson's death. The Goldman family contributed a portion of proceeds from
6545-529: The Goldman's stated that Justin and Sydney Simpson’s "loss is no greater than Fred’s, but Fred’s loss should be no greater than theirs." A 2018 article stated that Fred Goldman's second wife Patti Glass, was the ex-wife of a Mafia lawyer and drugs dealer named Marvin Glass. Goldman had married Patti Glass shortly after Marvin was jailed for his part in a huge drugs money laundering operation, and took custody of three of Glass’ children. Fred’s step son Brian said that Fred
6664-553: The Killer , the Goldman family published it in September 2007 through Beaufort Books, some versions of the book having the "If" text shrunk, implying OJ's guilt. Denise Brown, Nicole Brown's sister, criticized the Goldmans for publishing the book and accused them of profiting from Nicole and Ron's deaths. In 2007, the Goldman family earned 90 percent of the proceeds from the sale of the rights to
6783-739: The Westlake Golf Course, halfway between Lakeview Canyon and Lindero Canyon roads, and half of the Lake itself. Lake Sherwood is nearby. The City of Westlake Village is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) West of downtown Los Angeles in the Conejo Valley . Other communities in the surrounding area include Thousand Oaks , Oak Park , Agoura Hills , Calabasas , Newbury Park , and Malibu . Coastal breezes sweep through canyons to allow Westlake to sometimes be up to 10 degrees cooler and considerably less hazy than nearby San Fernando Valley during
6902-572: The Westlake Village City Council on February 9, 1994. K-Swiss , Guitar Center , PennyMac Loan Services and Ryland Homes also have their headquarters in Westlake Village. According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Adjacent to Westlake Village is Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area , which offers nature trails for hikers, backpackers, mountain bikers, equestrians, picnickers, and campers. Parks include: In
7021-450: The ability to walk. The effects of cerebral palsy fall on a continuum of motor dysfunction, which may range from slight clumsiness at the mild end of the spectrum to impairments so severe that they render coordinated movement virtually impossible at the other end of the spectrum. Babies born with severe cerebral palsy often have irregular posture; their bodies may be either very floppy or very stiff. Birth defects, such as spinal curvature,
7140-632: The adolescent population. Nevertheless, the adequate scoring and scaling of pain in CP children remains challenging. Pain in CP has a number of different causes, and different pains respond to different treatments. There is also a high likelihood of chronic sleep disorders secondary to both physical and environmental factors. Children with cerebral palsy have significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance than typically developing children. Babies with cerebral palsy who have stiffness issues might cry more and be harder to put to sleep than non-disabled babies, or "floppy" babies might be lethargic. Chronic pain
7259-402: The age of 18 living in them, 1,985 (60.9%) were married couples living together, 292 (9.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 119 (3.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 103 (3.2%) unmarried partnerships . 712 households (21.8%) were made up of individuals, and 376 (11.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
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#17330847591727378-427: The age of 18 living with them, 65.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.93. In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 23.8% under
7497-431: The age of 18, 3.9% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 31.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males. About 2.5% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over. Dole Food Company
7616-583: The area became part of one of the first Spanish land grants, Rancho Simi , given to the Pico family of California . When Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821, Alta California became Mexican territory, and the Rancho Simi grant was confirmed in 1842. In 1881, the Russell brothers purchased a large portion of the land for cattle ranching. According to Patricia Allen, historian and family descendant, Andrew Russell beat
7735-651: The award to both Goldman and Brown in his acceptance speech. Fred Goldman was among those whom Edelman interviewed in the documentary. During the civil trial, Kim Goldman said that she and Michael Nigg were set-up on a blind date. After a good first date, the two went on 5 or more dates. At the time they were going out together Michael Nigg worked at a restaurant in Santa Barbara and at some point after 1992 Michael moved to Los Angeles. Kim Goldman testified that she never introduced her brother to Michael Nigg and she did not see Michael after he moved to Los Angeles. She stated she
7854-464: The bars of the fence. He wasn't moving either. Both he and Nicole were lying in giant pools of blood. I had never seen so much blood in my life. It didn't seem real, and none of it computed." The rights to Simpson's book, If I Did It , a first-person account of how he would have committed the murders, were awarded to the Goldman family in August 2007. They were granted the proceeds from the book as part of
7973-454: The body is affected – spastic monoplegia. Spastic cerebral palsy affects the motor cortex of the brain, a specific portion of the cerebral cortex responsible for the planning and completion of voluntary movement. Spastic CP is the most common type of overall cerebral palsy, representing about 80% of cases. Botulinum toxin is effective in decreasing spasticity . It can help increase range of motion which could help mitigate CPs effects on
8092-546: The book. Simpson was subsequently jailed for an unrelated armed robbery at a Las Vegas hotel in 2008. Both Fred and Kim Goldman were present at the robbery trial, and after Simpson's conviction, Fred Goldman expressed his satisfaction and referred to it as a "bittersweet" moment. When filmmaker Ezra Edelman , director of the documentary O.J.: Made in America , won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature , he dedicated
8211-509: The central nervous system are main cause. Many cases of CP in Africa could be prevented with better resources available. Between 40% and 50% of all children who develop cerebral palsy were born prematurely. Most of these cases (75–90%) are believed to be due to issues that occur around the time of birth, often just after birth. Multiple-birth infants are also more likely than single-birth infants to have CP. They are also more likely to be born with
8330-431: The child is 18 months of age or younger. Infants may have temporary problems with muscle tone or control that can be confused with CP, which is permanent. A metabolism disorder or tumors in the nervous system may appear to be CP; metabolic disorders, in particular, can produce brain problems that look like CP on an MRI. Disorders that deteriorate the white matter in the brain and problems that cause spasms and weakness in
8449-551: The child is 36 months of age before making a diagnosis because, by that age, motor capacity is easier to assess. CP is classified by the types of motor impairment of the limbs or organs, and by restrictions to the activities an affected person may perform. The Gross Motor Function Classification System -Expanded and Revised and the Manual Ability Classification System are used to describe mobility and manual dexterity in people with cerebral palsy, and recently
8568-450: The child's mobility, speech and language, hearing, vision, gait, feeding and digestion are also useful to determine the extent of the disorder. Early diagnosis and intervention are seen as being a key part of managing cerebral palsy. Machine learning algorithms facilitate automatic early diagnosis, with methods such as deep neural network and geometric feature fusion producing high accuracy in predicting cerebral palsy from short videos. It
8687-554: The city. The population density was 1,605.9 inhabitants per square mile (620.0 inhabitants/km ). There were 3,347 housing units at an average density of 642.3 per square mile (248.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 89.70% White , 6.08% Asian , 0.82% African American , 0.13% Native American , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 1.02% from other races , and 2.17% from two or more races, plus one of California's largest communities for Russian American and American Jewish ancestral groups. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.61% of
8806-510: The community straddles the line between Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Roughly two-thirds of the community is in the Ventura County city of Thousand Oaks . About 3,000 years ago, the Chumash moved into the region and lived by hunting rabbits and other game , and gathering grains and acorns. Excavations, archaeological sites, and polychrome rock paintings in the area provide a glimpse into
8925-497: The competition in buying the land by racing across 6,000 acres (24 km ) on a fifteen-minute trip in a buckboard and sealed the deal with a $ 20 gold piece. The price per acre was $ 2.50. The area continued to be known as the Russell Ranch although it was sold in 1925 to William Randolph Hearst and again in 1943 to Fred Albertson. The Russell family leased back part of the land to continue its successful cattle ranch operation while
9044-460: The context of sporting activities. Hip dislocation and ankle equinus or plantar flexion deformity are the two most common deformities among children with cerebral palsy. Additionally, flexion deformity of the hip and knee can occur. Torsional deformities of long bones such as the femur and tibia are also encountered, among others. Children may develop scoliosis before the age of 10 – estimated prevalence of scoliosis in children with CP
9163-473: The dating game show Studs (hosted by Mark DeCarlo ) in early 1992. He dated Jacqui Bell for nearly two years before she broke off their relationship three months before his death. According to a June 15, 1994, Los Angeles Times article published three days after his death, Goldman met Brown only six weeks prior to the date they were murdered, when he borrowed her Ferrari . The two were seen together in clubs, occasionally meeting for coffee and dinner in
9282-475: The degree of spasticity, a person with the spastic form of CP may exhibit a variety of angular joint deformities. Because vertebral bodies need vertical gravitational loading forces to develop properly, spasticity and an abnormal gait can hinder proper or full bone and skeletal development. People with CP tend to be shorter in height than the average person because their bones are not allowed to grow to their full potential. Sometimes bones grow to different lengths, so
9401-669: The developing fetal or infant brain." While movement problems are the central feature of CP, difficulties with thinking, learning, feeling, communication and behavior often co-occur, with 28% having epilepsy , 58% having difficulties with communication, at least 42% having problems with their vision, and 23–56% having learning disabilities . Muscle contractions in people with cerebral palsy-related high muscle tone are commonly thought to arise from overactivation. Although most people with CP have problems with increased muscle tone, some have low muscle tone instead. High muscle tone can either be due to spasticity or dystonia . Cerebral palsy
9520-575: The early phases or aim at hip containment and restoration of anatomy in the late phases of disease. Equinus deformity is managed by conservative methods especially when dynamic. If fixed/static deformity ensues surgery may become mandatory. Growth spurts during puberty can make walking more difficult for people with CP and high muscle tone. Due to sensory and motor impairments, those with CP may have difficulty preparing food, holding utensils, or chewing and swallowing. An infant with CP may not be able to suck, swallow or chew. Gastro-oesophageal reflux
9639-458: The fetal membranes known as chorioamnionitis increases the risk. Intrauterine and neonatal insults (many of which are infectious) increase the risk. Rh blood type incompatibility can cause the mother's immune system to attack the baby's red blood cells. It has been hypothesised that some cases of cerebral palsy are caused by the death in very early pregnancy of an identical twin. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy has historically rested on
9758-461: The first years of life, underlying problems do not worsen over time. Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Most often, the problems occur during pregnancy, but may occur during childbirth or shortly afterwards. Often, the cause is unknown. Risk factors include preterm birth , being a twin , certain infections or exposure to methylmercury during pregnancy,
9877-456: The form of tip-toeing gait , due to tightness of the Achilles tendon, and scissoring gait , due to tightness of the hip adductors. These gait patterns are among the most common gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy. However, orthopaedic manifestations of cerebral palsy are diverse. Additionally, crouch gait (also described as knee flexion gait) is prevalent among children who possess
9996-399: The front porch when they were attacked. In an interview on Larry King Live , Ron's father, Fred Goldman, called into the show and berated Freed about the book. In 1997, Fred Goldman filed a civil lawsuit against Simpson. Fred Goldman successfully campaigned to change California’s hearsay laws to allow the testimony of a woman named Nicole (presumed to be Brown) who telephoned Sojourn House,
10115-407: The growing bones of children. There may be an improvement in motor functions in the children and ability to walk. however, the main benefit derived from botulinum toxin A comes from its ability to reduce muscle tone and spasticity and thus prevent or delay the development of fixed muscle contractures. Ataxic cerebral palsy is observed in approximately 5–10% of all cases of cerebral palsy, making it
10234-451: The least frequent form of cerebral palsy. Ataxic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to cerebellar structures. Because of the damage to the cerebellum , which is essential for coordinating muscle movements and balance, patients with ataxic cerebral palsy experience problems in coordination, specifically in their arms, legs, and trunk. Ataxic cerebral palsy is known to decrease muscle tone. The most common manifestation of ataxic cerebral palsy
10353-612: The legs, may be mistaken for CP if they first appear early in life. However, these disorders get worse over time, and CP does not (although it may change in character). In infancy it may not be possible to tell the difference between them. In the UK, not being able to sit independently by the age of 8 months is regarded as a clinical sign for further monitoring. Fragile X syndrome (a cause of autism and intellectual disability) and general intellectual disability must also be ruled out. Cerebral palsy specialist John McLaughlin recommends waiting until
10472-405: The main early symptoms of CP. Symptoms and diagnosis typically occur by the age of two, although depending on factors like malformations and congenital issues, persons with milder forms of cerebral palsy may be over the age of five, if not in adulthood, when finally diagnosed. Cognitive assessments and medical observations are also useful to help confirm a diagnosis. Additionally, evaluations of
10591-407: The multi-million dollar civil jury award against him they had been trying to collect for over a decade. They own the copyright, media rights, and movie rights. They also acquired Simpson's name, likeness, life story, and right of publicity in connection with the book, according to court documents, ensuring he would not be able to profit from the book. After renaming the book If I Did It: Confessions of
10710-539: The operation of the lake. The area has several golf courses: the Westlake Golf Course , Sherwood Country Club , and North Ranch Country Club. Over one half of the original "Westlake" development lies west across the county line, wholly within the city limits of Thousand Oaks . This boundary which divides the Incorporated City of Westlake Village, and Thousand Oaks portion of Westlake Village, crosses over
10829-797: The oral-facial muscles. There are three major types of dysarthria in cerebral palsy: spastic, dyskinetic (athetotic), and ataxic. Early use of augmentative and alternative communication systems may assist the child in developing spoken language skills. Overall language delay is associated with problems of cognition, deafness , and learned helplessness . Children with cerebral palsy are at risk of learned helplessness and becoming passive communicators, initiating little communication. Early intervention with this clientele, and their parents, often targets situations in which children communicate with others so that they learn that they can control people and objects in their environment through this communication, including making choices, decisions, and mistakes. Pain
10948-468: The person may have one leg longer than the other. Children with CP are prone to low trauma fractures , particularly children with higher Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels who cannot walk. This further affects a child's mobility, strength, and experience of pain, and can lead to missed schooling or child abuse suspicions. These children generally have fractures in the legs, whereas non-affected children mostly fracture their arms in
11067-433: The person's history and physical examination and is generally assessed at a young age. A general movements assessment , which involves measuring movements that occur spontaneously among those less than four months of age, appears most accurate. Children who are more severely affected are more likely to be noticed and diagnosed earlier. Abnormal muscle tone, delayed motor development and persistence of primitive reflexes are
11186-604: The place El triunfo del Dulcísimo Nombre de Jesús (in English: The Triumph of the Sweetest Name of Jesus ) to a camping place by a creek. Other villages were found throughout the valley, including Satwiwa and two villages near Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park . These Chumash villages are believed by archeologists to have first been settled over 2,000 years ago. Another village was located by Lake Sherwood . In 1795,
11305-399: The placenta, birth defects , low birth weight, breathing meconium into the lungs , a delivery requiring either the use of instruments or an emergency Caesarean section , birth asphyxia, seizures just after birth, respiratory distress syndrome , low blood sugar , and infections in the baby. As of 2013 , it was unclear how much of a role birth asphyxia plays as a cause. It is unclear if
11424-449: The population. Many locals (the Conejo Valley and Simi Valley region in general) were of Italian , Portuguese and Spanish ethnic origins. The median income for a household in the city was $ 120,089, and the median income for a family was $ 148,885. The per-capita income for the city was $ 137,355 in 2007, while the median home price was (as of 2007) $ 1,163,800. There were 3,270 households, out of which 32.3% had children under
11543-455: The preparation of a master plan by architectural and planning firm A. C. Martin and Associates. This new "city in the country" planned to have a firm economic base including commercial areas, residential neighborhoods, and ample green space with the lake as a focal point. Prominent architects, engineers, and land planners participated in designing the new community, a distinctive example of planned 1960s-style suburbanism . The original tract
11662-575: The restaurant-bar business and occasionally worked as a promoter at a Century City dance club called Tripps. He had also tended a bar called Dragonfly , which co-incidentally was owned by Brett Cantor . For Memorial Day , he participated with a group of event promoters in organizing a party at Renaissance, a club and restaurant on the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica. Goldman also expressed aspirations to act; he appeared on an episode of
11781-446: The size of the placenta plays a role. As of 2015 it is evident that in advanced countries, most cases of cerebral palsy in term or near-term neonates have explanations other than asphyxia. Cerebral palsy is not commonly considered a genetic disease. About 2% of all CP cases are expected to be inherited, with glutamate decarboxylase-1 being one of the possible enzymes involved. Most inherited cases are autosomal recessive . However,
11900-452: The skins of animals such as rabbits, deer, and sea otters. Women wore long skirts woven from grass or soft bark, while men wore pieces of deerskin tied around their waists. Both men and women painted designs on their bodies and wore shell beads. On a return trip from Northern California in January 1770, a group of men led by Gaspar de Portolá are believed to be the first Europeans to encounter
12019-433: The social and economic complexity of the ancient Chumash world. A Chumash village was settled here in 500 BCE, known as Hipuc. The Chumash Indians gathered and prepared acorns and other seeds. These were collected in the fall. The Chumash also hunted wild animals, fish and gathered plants. Their diet consisted of acorns, gophers, cottontail rabbits, skunks, jack rabbits, rats, mice, and seeds. They made their clothing from
12138-587: The summer months. However, it generally remains 10 degrees hotter than the coastal plains below the Conejo Grade, in the communities of Santa Rosa Valley , Camarillo , and Ventura among others. The 2010 United States Census reported that the self-incorporated portion of Westlake Village, on the Los Angeles County side, had a population of 8,270. The population density was 1,502.4 inhabitants per square mile (580.1/km ). The racial makeup of Westlake Village
12257-635: The time of his death Michael Nigg was working at a restaurant called Sanctuary that was located in Beverly Hills. Some news reports claim that Michael Nigg “befriended Ronald Goldman when both worked at the Mezzaluna restaurant” however Ms. Goldman’s testimony establishes that the two men were friends prior to Ron being hired at Mezzaluna. It is unknown if Michael Nigg and Ron Goldman’s tenures at Mezzaluna overlapped. In an interview with 20/20 , Kim Goldman said that one day some time after Simpson's acquittal, she
12376-417: The vast majority of CP cases are connected to brain damage during birth and in infancy. There is a small percentage of CP cases caused by brain damage that stemmed from the prenatal period, which is estimated to be less than 5% of CP cases overall. Moreover, there is no one reason why some CP cases come from prenatal brain damage, and it is not known if those cases have a genetic basis. Cerebellar hypoplasia
12495-413: The weeks before their deaths. According to police and friends, however, the relationship between the two was platonic. One article noted that he had borrowed her car when he met his friend, Craig Clark, for lunch. According to Clark, Goldman told him it was Brown's car, but he did not say she was his girlfriend. Instead, Goldman said they were friends. On the evening of Sunday, June 12, 1994, Goldman worked
12614-398: The whole body. Mixed cerebral palsy has symptoms of dyskinetic, ataxic and spastic CP appearing simultaneously, each to varying degrees, and both with and without symptoms of each. Mixed CP is the most difficult to treat as it is extremely heterogeneous and sometimes unpredictable in its symptoms and development over the lifespan. Westlake Village, California Westlake Village
12733-492: Was unaware how her brother, Ron, and Michael met; she testified that the two met by happenstance. The two men apparently became good friends because, according to Ms. Goldman, Michael Nigg got her brother the job at Mezzaluna. While Kim Goldman does not have knowledge of Michael having worked at Mezzaluna, according to the Los Angeles Times Michael Nigg had been employed at Mezzaluna in Brentwood at some point. At
12852-477: Was "just a further reminder of how long my son has been gone...how many years, and how much he’s been missed. And the only thing that is important today are (Ron and Nicole). Nothing else is important." Kim and Fred later issued a statement that read, "The hope for true accountability has ended... Thank you for keeping our family, and most importantly Ron, in your hearts". Fred Goldman said that he will still pursue "justice" for his son after Simpson's attorney said that
12971-454: Was 1.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.4%. 6,906 people (83.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,236 people (14.9%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Westlake Village had a median household income of $ 112,083, with 3.9% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 8,469 people, 3,270 households, and 2,491 families residing in
13090-688: Was 2.50. There were 2,396 families (73.5% of all households); the average family size was 2.92. The population was spread out, with 1,737 people (21.0%) under the age of 18, 479 people (5.8%) aged 18 to 24, 1,380 people (16.7%) aged 25 to 44, 2,917 people (35.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,757 people (21.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males. There were 3,384 housing units at an average density of 614.7 per square mile (237.3/km ), of which 2,745 (84.2%) were owner-occupied, and 517 (15.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate
13209-550: Was 7,326 (88.6%) white (83.9% non-Hispanic white), 98 (1.2%) African American , 12 (0.1%) Native American , 490 (5.9%) Asian , 13 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 114 (1.4%) from other races , and 217 (2.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 533 persons (6.4%). The Census reported that 8,142 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 121 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 7 (0.1%) were institutionalized. There were 3,262 households, out of which 971 (29.8%) had children under
13328-409: Was abusive towards them. It was also reported in sealed documents that Ron Goldman had an extensive criminal file, including outstanding arrest warrants. In 2022, Fred Goldman applied for a renewal of his old judgment against Simpson, claiming Simpson still owed him $ 96 million. When Simpson died in 2024, Fred Goldman initially called Simpson’s death "no great loss to the world" but also said that it
13447-593: Was also filmed at Russell Ranch, while Danger Ahead (1940) was shot on Westlake Boulevard. Baxter (GTE corporate headquarters at the time) was dubbed for a police station in the film Demolition Man (1993), while scenes from Gridiron Gang (2006) were shot at Westlake High School . Other movies filmed here include The Karate Kid (1984), American Pie (1999) and Bridesmaids (2011). Two episodes of Charlie's Angels (1976–1981) were filmed in Westlake Village: "The Killing Kind" (1976) and "Angel in
13566-545: Was divided by the Los Angeles/Ventura county line. In 1968 and 1972, two portions of the Westlake development consisting of 8,544 acres (35 km ) on the Ventura County side were annexed into the city of Thousand Oaks . In 1981, the Los Angeles County portion (3,456 acres (13.99 km ) or roughly 1/3) of the Westlake master-planned community was incorporated as the City of Westlake Village. California state law prevents
13685-460: Was driving in her car when she saw him in a parking lot in Los Angeles. She considered running him over to get vengeance, but decided otherwise. In 2017, Goldman family attorney David Cook claimed that Sydney and Justin Simpson, the children of Simpson and Brown had went on a real estate spending spree using money that the Goldman's believe had been hidden away by their father years ago. The attorney for
13804-465: Was implicated by forensic evidence , he was acquitted in a controversial verdict. In the 1996 book Killing Time: The First Full Investigation into the Unsolved Murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman , authors Donald Freed and Raymond P. Briggs wrote that lipstick was found on Ron's cheek after his death, and suggested that Nicole kissed Ron when he arrived and that they were together on
13923-456: Was murdered, along with Brown, outside her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles . Following a controversial and highly publicized criminal trial , Simpson was acquitted of all charges, though he was later found liable of the wrongful deaths in a civil lawsuit in 1997, filed by Fred Goldman, Ron's father. Goldman was born on July 2, 1968. He grew up in the community of Buffalo Grove, Illinois . After his parents divorced in 1974 and after spending
14042-506: Was probably from a fall. Goldman seemingly had taunted wounds to his face. During a reconstruction of events, the police theorized that Ron and Nicole were talking on the front patio of Nicole's condominium when they were attacked or that Goldman arrived while Brown was being attacked; in any case, the police believe that Brown was the intended target and that Goldman was killed in order to silence him. Witness Robert Heidstra testified that while walking near Brown's condominium that night, he heard
14161-483: Was tried for the killings of both Brown and Goldman. During the trial, there was some speculation as to whether Brown and Goldman were secretly dating, compounded by three facts, that Nicole was wearing a slinky, revealing cocktail dress when she was found dead, candles were lit in the master bedroom and bathroom, and the master bathroom’s tub was full of water. In October 1995, after a public trial that lasted nearly nine months and despite prosecutors' arguments that Simpson
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