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63-877: (Redirected from Romme ) Romm or Romme may refer to: Surnames [ edit ] Romm Giora Romm (1945–2023), Israeli Air Force general Joseph J. Romm (born 1960), American author, blogger, physicist and climate expert Mikhail Romm (1891–1967), Soviet football player Mikhail Romm (1901–1971), Soviet film director Nic Romm (born 1974), German actor Oskar Romm (1919–1993), German Luftwaffe ace Robin Romm , American writer Romme Georges Romme (born 1960), Dutch organizational theorist Gianni Romme (born 1973), Dutch long-distance runner and speed skater Gilbert Romme (1750–1795), French politician and mathematician Marius Romme (born 1934), Dutch psychiatrist Other [ edit ] Rommé ,

126-649: A fairing installed under the wing roots; drogue parachutes were also installed. Aircraft so fitted were nicknamed "Barougan", derived from combining the Ouragan name with the Arabic word Baroud (battle). This configuration was intended for combat operations in Algeria. On 24 February 1954, the first Barougan performed its first flight. A further three aircraft would be used in the test programme, which involved multiple grass landings at varying weights. In 1958, further development of

189-498: A deliberate decision to initiate diversification of supply sources. In Indian service, the aircraft was given the name Toofani ( Hindi : Hurricane ), the Hindi equivalent meaning the French name of the type. In 1961, Indian Toofanis were flown on active service, reportedly carrying out airstrikes in support of Indian Army forces engaged with Portuguese forces on the island of Diu , on

252-474: A hard turn, leading to unintended spins. Overall, the Ouragan reportedly proved pleasant to fly; according to Mason, French pilots were pleased with the stability of the aircraft, lending itself well to firing both guns and rockets. Its favourable handling qualities led to the Ouragan performing for two years as the display aircraft of the la Patrouille de France aerobatic team. The first 50 Ouragans were built to

315-494: A light injury, Romm brought his stricken aircraft to a landing at Ramat David . He was back flying the next day, 7 June, when he scored his final kills of the war. A 119 squadron three-ship formation was vectored to intercept Egyptian MiG-17s attacking Israel forces in the Sinai and Romm shot down two to become the IAF's first jet ace. Although other aces had served with the IAF before, Romm

378-499: A total of five squadrons for the purpose of performing close air support operations, since they could not match the performance of Egyptian MiG-15s. On 12 April 1956, an Israeli Ouragan shot down an Egyptian de Havilland Vampire flying over Israeli territory, it being the first recorded kill by an Ouragan in Israeli service. During the 1956 Suez Crisis , Ouragans principally flew ground-attack missions, but also flew escort missions. In

441-512: A training sortie. On Friday, 5 October, Romm took command of the squadron, despite having never flown the Skyhawk nor served with the unit. The Yom Kippur War broke out the very next day, and Romm's first flight was a combat sortie targeting Egyptian troops crossing the Suez Canal . Romm familiarized himself with the aircraft en route to the target. He later described the sortie: Reserve pilot Uri Bina

504-564: A turning dogfight with the Ouragans. The poor training of the Egyptian pilots who were consistently unable to realize their advantage in numbers as well as the MiG-15's speed and climb characteristics, helped Ouragans to survive despite their inferior performance. On 31 October 1956, a pair of Ouragans armed with rockets strafed the Egyptian destroyer Ibrahim el Awal (ex-HMS Mendip ), contributing to

567-448: A two-wheel configuration. This provided the aircraft with the capability to be operated in rough field conditions where airstrips would not be as well maintained. In August 1950, prior to the delivery of any pre-production aircraft, the French government placed an initial order for 150 production Ouragans, with ambitions for as many 850 Ouragans in service with the Armee de l'Air . In 1952,

630-590: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Giora Romm Giora Romm ( Hebrew : גיורא רום ‎; 29 April 1945 – 11 August 2023) was an Israeli military officer who served as deputy commander of the Israeli Air Force (IAF), Israel's military attaché in the United States and as director of the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel . Romm

693-711: The Israel Defense Forces in 1962 and attended Israeli Air Force flight course 43. Initially flying the Dassault Ouragan and Mystère , Romm later moved to the Dassault Mirage III which he flew with the 119 "Bat" Squadron at Tel Nof . Romm held a B.A. in Economics and Political Science from Bar Ilan University and an MBA from UCLA . Married to Miriam, he was the father of a daughter and two sons. Romm died of cancer on 11 August 2023, at age 78. Romm

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756-473: The French Resistance . In 1947, following the bare-bones preparation of a factory and equipment, Dassault formally embarked on the development of this all-French fighter, which was solely at his own initiative at the start. According to aviation historian Kenneth Munson, Dassault's design drew more on American rather than British inspiration, having elected to use features such as a very thin wing akin to

819-562: The Israel Air Force (IAF) became an enthusiastic Ouragan user. During the early 1950s, Israel, under pressure from regional hostilities with neighbouring Arab nations, was keen to acquire new military equipment of its own, particularly as Arab air forces were themselves commonly procuring advanced Soviet armaments such as the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighter. Seeking to augment its jet aircraft fleet of British Gloster Meteors ,

882-587: The Jewish Agency for Israel . In 2008 he was appointed director of the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel and resigned in 2014. Romm served as a senior researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies , and from 2005 was chairman of Metzilah , the "Center for Zionist, Jewish, Liberal and Humanist Thought." In 2008 Romm published his book, Tzivony Arba ("Tulip Four", published in 2014 in

945-648: The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star and a basic configuration comparable to the North American F-86 Sabre . Due to its interceptor role, an emphasis had been placed on a fast rate of climb. The aircraft was powered by a single Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine, which was already being licence-produced in France by Hispano-Suiza for the SNCASE SE-535 , which was in turn a licence-built version of

1008-467: The M.D.450A standard, equipped with the Nene 102 engine; the majority of aircraft delivered were to the later M.D.450B standard, being fitted with a Hispano-Suiza-built Nene 104B engine, which was lighter than the Nene 102 and with slightly greater thrust. Wingtip fuel tanks were fitted as standard in both variants. In French service, the frontline service of the Ouragan was short-lived; from May 1955 onwards,

1071-588: The Salvadoran Civil War of 1979 to 1992. Salvadoran Ouragans flew strike missions against communist FMLN forces, operating from Ilopango Air Base located near the capital city of San Salvador. As El Salvador is not a large country and combat radius was not a pressing concern, Salvadoran Ouragans in combat usually operated with their wingtip fuel tanks removed in order to save weight and allow for greater weapons loads. An FMLN attack against Ilopango Air Base in 1982 destroyed several Ouragans and accelerated

1134-930: The 1956 Suez War and 1967 Six-Day War, are on outdoor display at the Israeli Air Force Museum . An MD.450 Ouragan (Toofani), "IC 554," is on display at the Indian Air Force Museum, Palam , New Delhi. It was painted earlier in grey-green camouflage but now appears in natural metal in No. 47 "Black Archers" Squadron markings. Two Ouragans are on display in the Museo Nacional de Aviación, Ilopango Air Base. Data from The Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan: Profile 143 , The Great Book of Fighters General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era The initial version of this article

1197-475: The 450 liters (118.9 US gal) wingtip tanks that would become an indelible feature of all Ouragans first appeared. Testing of the second prototype was discontinued following the sustaining of damage during one landing due to an undercarriage malfunction. The completion of the third prototype was delayed to incorporate lessons learned from the first two prototypes. On 2 June 1950, the third prototype, M.D.450-03 , conducted its first flight. This third prototype

1260-537: The Armée de l'Air. In the following years, a further three orders, each ordering an additional 100 Ouragans, would be placed by the French government; however, the final of these additional orders would be cancelled in January 1952 in favour of an equivalent order for the newer and more advanced Dassault Mystère IIC . Dassault's production facilities proved to be unable to attain the rate of production necessary to keep pace with

1323-461: The Barougan variant was abandoned; some of the test aircraft were later re-converted back to the standard Ouragan configuration. The Dassault Ouragan was an early jet-powered fighter aircraft. It employed a straightforward basic layout, with a single divided air intake in the nose that carried air around either side of the cockpit to the engine, which was located directly behind the pilot. The design

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1386-513: The British de Havilland Vampire . In September 1947, a series of talks outlining the project took place between Dassault and the Bureau d'Etudes et Plans d'Etat Major . The French government's response to the proposal was positive; however no firm order for the aircraft was placed at this time, necessitating the project to proceed as a private venture. In December 1947, the detailed design work phase of

1449-605: The Egyptian Delta, suffering multiple injuries. Denied proper medical attention, he was held at a prison at Abbassia, near Cairo , where he was repeatedly beaten and tortured. On 5 December, after three months in captivity, Romm and fellow pilot Nissim Ashkenazi were released in a prisoner exchange. Hospitalized for 4 months, he was able to return to flying, and was eventually assigned command of an IAF flight school squadron. On 3 October 1973, 115 Squadron lost its commanding officer, Ami Gadish, when his A-4 Skyhawk crashed during

1512-617: The IAF initially evaluated both French Dassault Mystère IIC and Canadian-built Canadair Sabre Mk.6 fighters. Due to development problems with the Mystère and a Canadian embargo on the Sabres, the order was changed to Mystère IVAs alongside a batch of Ouragans that were purchased as a stop-gap measure. By 1955, the IAF had received at least 75 aircraft, comprising a mix of newly built and retired French Air Force examples, with deliveries being completed that year. The Israeli Ouragans were assigned to

1575-555: The Ouragan formally entered squadron service with the French Air Force in 1952, where it started to replace aircraft such as the British De Havilland Vampire . Due to the rapid entry to service of the type, Ouragan's full test programme had not been completed, and this led to multiple instances of pilots inadvertently executing involuntary manoeuvres. In particular, the aircraft had a tendency to sharply snap during

1638-623: The USA under the title Solitary ), for which he won the 2009 Yitzhak Sadeh Prize for military literature. Dassault Ouragan The Ouragan holds the distinction of being the first jet-powered French-designed combat aircraft to enter production, and thus played a key role in the resurgence of the French aviation industry following the Second World War . The Ouragan was operated by France , India , Israel and El Salvador . While in Israeli service ,

1701-507: The capture of the ship. According to Munson, Israeli Ouragans were responsible for the destruction of a major proportion of the hostile tanks and military vehicles that came under aerial attack during the conflict, while only two Ouragans were lost during the five days of fighting, both of which were attributed to small arms fire. The Commander-in-Chief of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is reported to have later stated "The Ouragan

1764-492: The center fuselage and tail units, while the final assembly was carried out at Dassault's facility in Mérignac, Gironde . On 5 December 1951, the first production Ouragan conducted its maiden flight. There was little difference between the pre-production and production aircraft, the most significant being alterations to the design of the doors enclosing the retractable nosewheel landing leg in response to accidents that occurred on

1827-406: The construction of three prototypes. The rate of progress on the project was such that, within 15 months of design work having formally started, the first prototype, designated M.D.450-01 , had been fully constructed and had performed its maiden flight . On 28 February 1948, the first prototype of the Ouragan fighter conducted its first flight with Dassault Chief Test Pilot Kostia Rozanoff at

1890-485: The controls. This prototype lacked pressurization , armament, and the distinctive wingtip fuel tanks of subsequent production aircraft. It was powered by a Rolls-Royce Nene 102 centrifugal-flow engine capable of generating 22.27 kN (2,270 kp /5,000 lbf) of thrust . During service trials in 1949, the first prototype attained a top speed of 980 km/h (529 knots, 609 mph) and achieved an initial climb rate of 43 m/s (8,465 ft/min). In May 1948,

1953-563: The domestic orders, in part due to a lack of time to refine Ouragan's design to make it easier to mass-produce; accordingly, portions of the work were subcontracted to other French aircraft manufacturers. A manufacturing arrangement was formed with SNCASE to assemble forward fuselages for the aircraft at their Toulouse factory, while a similar agreement with SNCASO led to the firm manufacturing rear fuselages at Saint-Nazaire and wings in Bouguenais . Dassault's factories continued to produce

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2016-586: The early hours of 30 October 1956, a pair of Ouragans shot down four hostile de Havilland Vampires in the Mitla Pass area. The two documented encounters between the Soviet-built MiG-15 fighters and the Ouragan (which were also powered by the Nene engine but furnished with a more modern swept wing ) ended with one Ouragan surviving several 37 mm (1.46 in) cannon hits to fly the next day and one MiG-15 being heavily damaged by cannon fire after it entered

2079-613: The engine intake. The aircraft was reported to be highly stable while firing the Hispano Mk. V autocannons as well as its rockets. It, however, also had a tendency to flat spin while holding tight turns, as a result of the length to diameter ratio of its fuselage being relatively low compared to other fighters at the time. Export variants, such as those intended for war in Algeria nicknamed Barougans, were fitted with brake parachutes as well as their single-wheel main gear being replaced with

2142-461: The first two prototypes. By the end of 1952, a total of 39 production aircraft had been completed; a further 93 were manufactured in 1953, and the final 118 were finished by mid-1954. A handful of production Ouragans were experimentally adapted for the intended use of the type from unprepared airstrips. Modifications included the substitution of the single-wheel main gear to a two-wheel configuration fitted with low-pressure tires, which retracted into

2205-404: The initial point before heading back to the target once again, this time alone. The squadron was eventually to fly 750 sorties throughout the war, losing 7 aircraft. 5 pilots were killed and 2 made prisoners of war. Romm commanded 115 Squadron until 1976, when he was appointed head of the research department at Lamdan, the IAF's Air Intelligence Directorate . In 1980 he was assigned command of

2268-481: The jet aircraft collection at Chateau Savigny-lès-Beaune . The Musee de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget Airport has #154/ "4-LT" painted in a colorful "Indian-head" scheme but a previous code is just visible under the 4-LT markings. Ouragan #214/"UG," previously stored, is exhibited in the "Patrouille de France" paint scheme at the "Musée Européen de l'Aviation de Chasse," Montélimar . Israeli Air Force Ouragans "80" and "49", both combat veterans and survivors of

2331-616: The late 1980s. In the wake of the Football War of 1969, El Salvador began a concerted push to modernize its air force. Unable to buy combat aircraft from the United States due to a US government arms embargo, the Salvadorans bought 18 surplus Israeli Ouragans on the international arms market. These aircraft were refurbished by the Israelis and were delivered to El Salvador between 1973 and 1978. El Salvador's Ouragans saw extensive combat during

2394-692: The most popular form of the card game, Rummy, in Germany and Austria See also [ edit ] Romm publishing house Rommel (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Romm . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romm&oldid=1170702154 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

2457-662: The new airbase constructed at Ramon, and in 1984 went on to command Tel Nof, largest of all IAF bases. As commander of Tel Nof, in 1985 he participated in Operation Wooden Leg , flying one of the F-15 Eagles that struck PLO headquarters in Tunisia. In 1987 Romm became the deputy to the head of the IDF Operations Directorate and in 1987 deputy IAF commander, a role he played during the 1991 Gulf War . Shortly after

2520-569: The project, which had been allocated the design number M.D. (Marcel Dassault) 450 , commenced. On 7 April 1948, the construction of a prototype began at the company's factory in Saint-Cloud , near Paris . On 29 June 1948, Dassault's decision to proceed was met with the issuing of contract No. 2223/48 from the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique of the Ministère des Armées Air , which ordered

2583-474: The push to supplant, and eventually replace, the Ouragans with American-made Cessna A-37B Dragonfly ground-attack aircraft, which were made available after the Reagan Administration dropped the arms embargo. The remaining Ouragans served on for several more years, but were all retired by the war's end. Salvadoran Ouragans have been pictured in several camouflage schemes, and it is possible that during

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2646-476: The scene. In the ensuing dogfight, each pilot shot down a pair of MiG-21s. That same afternoon, Romm was part of a 119 squadron formation that struck T-4 Syrian Air Force base. Two MiG-21s attempting to defend the base were shot down, one by Romm and the other by Asher Snir . On 6 June Romm's aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft fire while leading a strike against Syrian positions on the Golan Heights . Suffering

2709-404: The second prototype, M.D.450-02 , made its maiden flight. This second prototype featured a pressurized cockpit and more complete internal equipment. In November 1948, the second prototype was dispatched to Centre d'Essais en Vol de Marignane to participate in manoeuvrability trials, during which it was recorded as having climbed to an altitude of 15,000 m (49,213 ft). In December 1948,

2772-478: The slightly uprated Nene 105 engine. The first four Ouragans were delivered by air in late October 1953, while further deliveries were performed by sea; by mid-1954, all aircraft had been delivered. In March 1957, two additional orders for 20 and 13 second-hand Ouragans were placed, bringing the total procured by India to 104. The selection of the French-built Ouragan at this time is claimed to have reflected

2835-434: The type began to be replaced by the more capable Dassault Mystère IV . In 1961, the last Ouragans were displaced from operational units; a number of aircraft were retained beyond this date in secondary capacities such as advanced tactical and gunnery trainers throughout the mid-1960s. On 25 June 1953, India placed an order for 71 Ouragans, these being broadly similar to standard production models, except for being powered by

2898-594: The type participated in both the Suez Crisis and the Six-Day War . As a consequence of the nation being occupied by Germany during the majority of the Second World War , France had not been able to contribute significantly to the great strides that had been made in aircraft design during the conflict. In March 1945, aviation designer Marcel Bloch returned to France from captivity in the Buchenwald concentration camp and

2961-453: The war he was promoted to major general and appointed Israeli Defense attaché in the United States. Returning to Israel, he retired from military service in early 1996. Upon leaving the military, Romm was appointed director of the Ministry of National Infrastructure , under then-minister Ariel Sharon . He later entered the private sector and from September 2001 served as the director general of

3024-609: The war the Ouragan fleet operated in colors that were never completely standardized. At least one survivor of El Salvador's Ouragan fleet is currently on static display at Ilopango. Numbers from World Air Forces An Armee de L'air Ouragan ("UQ") is displayed at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History in Brussels . A number of MD.450 Ouragan examples are preserved in France including #251 and #450/"4-US", part of

3087-552: The western coast of the Indian subcontinent. They were also used in ground-attack missions against anti-government rebels in Assam and Nagaland , and in 1962 to perform reconnaissance missions during the Sino-Indian War . On 24 April 1965, a single Toofani strayed over the border with Pakistan , and was forced to land by PAF fighters; while the pilot was returned to India, the aircraft

3150-493: Was 22 at the outbreak of the Six-Day War and in the span of three days became the IAF's first jet ace, shooting down five enemy aircraft. When Israel launched operation Focus on 5 June 1967, Romm was one of the few pilots who were not tasked with striking Egyptian air bases, remaining at Tel Nof on quick reaction alert instead. When Israeli Mysteres attacking the air base at Abu Suwayr encountered Egyptian Air Force MiG-21s , Romm and fellow pilot Eitan Karmi were scrambled to

3213-479: Was a much better aeroplane than had been thought". In the aftermath of the Suez Crisis, the Ouragans were soon mostly relegated to secondary roles such as advanced training; by 1967, the type still equipped two close-support units along with an operational training unit. Israeli Ouragans saw more combat in the 1967 Six-Day War . In 1975, the IAF sold 18 Ouragans to El Salvador , where they remained in service until

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3276-460: Was also the first to score all five kills while flying for the IAF (as opposed to pilots who had scored while flying with allied air forces in WWII). A Segen (lieutenant) at the time, IAF commander Mordechai Hod incorrectly addressed Romm as a Seren (captain) at a victory dinner several weeks after the war. At the instigation of his fellow pilots, Hod promptly promoted Romm to the rank. By 1969 Romm

3339-602: Was configured as an aerial reconnaissance aircraft, and M.D.450-10 , which was used as a flying testbed for the SNECMA Atar engine. According to Munson, around the time of the pre-production aircraft order, there had been considerations within the French Government for the procurement of up to 850 Ouragans under a five-year plan to recapitalise the French armed forces. On 31 August 1950, Dassault received an initial fixed order contract for 150 production Ouragans to equip

3402-401: Was eager to re-establish the aviation industry through the development and production of an all-French fighter, powered by newly developed jet propulsion technology. In particular, he was keen to develop the aircraft quickly enough to corner the emerging market for such an aircraft. In early 1946, Bloch renamed both himself and his new company Dassault , after his brother's wartime codename in

3465-516: Was inspired by the Republic F-84 Thunderjet , with its fuselage highly cylindrical and tapered at either end, an intake on the nose (although this was the convention among early jet-age fighters), its bubble canopy , and its tricycle landing gear . Its design was further refined through the relatively thin wings and swept-back vertical stabilizer, which was akin to the MiG-17 's. The Ouragan

3528-401: Was powered by a Hispano-Suiza-licensed Nene 104, as envisaged for use on production aircraft. It was dispatched to Centre d'Essais en Vol de Cazaux to conduct weapons trials while armed with 15 mm and later 20 mm cannons . On 31 August 1949, the French Air Force ordered 15 pre-production aircraft, which were later reduced to 12, in order to support the test program. The contract

3591-401: Was powered by a single Rolls-Royce Nene turbojet engine, produced under license by Hispano-Suiza . Early aircraft were equipped with Martin-Baker Mk.1 ejection seats , however the majority of production aircraft were outfitted with SNCASO E.86 ejection seats instead. Some of the more advanced aerodynamic features of the Ouragan included its swept tailplane and its thin wing, which

3654-505: Was retained and ended up being displayed as a war trophy at a museum in Peshawar . It was later scrapped. As was the case in France, the Ouragan started to be replaced in frontline service by the Mystère IVA in 1957, being withdrawn fully from frontline service in 1965, although it continued in use for some years as an advanced trainer and target tug . In contrast to France and India,

3717-493: Was section leader. He called "Three pulls" over the radio and I pulled with him into a pop-up manoeuvre for the first time in my life in a Skyhawk. I rolled onto my back at 6000 ft and dove. The yellow glow of an SA-2 missile came toward me from Port Said, at which point I thought to myself "is the whole world against me today?" I tried to execute the attack and rejoin Uri Bina. "Four, your bombs didn't release" Uri called. I returned to

3780-489: Was signed on 15 December 1949. These pre-production aircraft saw extensive use in various flying trials and evaluations, including various engines, armament schemes, and equipment payloads, as well as to support other development programs. Amongst these aircraft, which were designated M.D.450-1 through to M.D.450-12 , were several notable revisions; M.D.450-6 was the first aircraft of the type to feature electrically operated trim tabs , M.D.450-8 (also known as M.D.450R ),

3843-711: Was slated to convert to the F-4 Phantom . In September 1969, however, he was shot down and captured by the Egyptians. On 9 September the IDF had carried out Operation Raviv , a mounted raid into Egyptian territory, and on 11 September Egypt responded with a large air raid on Israeli positions in the Sinai. Scrambled to the scene, Romm was pursuing a pair of MiG-21s when he was hit by another MiG he had failed to spot, reportedly flown by Major Fawzi Salama. Romm bailed out of his Mirage and landed in

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3906-421: Was tapered along the leading edge . The design was largely optimized for its role as a fighter aircraft. Its typical weapons stores reflected an attack role, however. Typical stores were two 450 kilogram (1000lbs) pound bombs, 16 105-millimeter (4 inch) Matra T-10 rockets , or 8 rockets and two 460 liter (121 US Gallon) napalm bombs . The aircraft themselves came with four Mark V 20mm Hispano cannons beneath

3969-521: Was the IAF's first jet ace, scoring five kills during the 1967 Six-Day War . In 1969, during the War of Attrition , Romm was shot down and spent several months in Egyptian captivity. He commanded the IAF's 115 Squadron through the intensive fighting of the 1973 Yom Kippur War and participated in Operation Wooden Leg , the 1985 raid against PLO headquarters in Tunisia. Giora Romm was born in Tel Aviv. He joined

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