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101-587: Robert Smith (Robin) Dods (9 June 1868 – 23 July 1920) was a New Zealand-born Australian architect . Dods was born in Dunedin , New Zealand on 9 June 1868. His parents were Robert Smith Dods (a wholesale grocer) and Elizabeth Gray, née Stodart. His parents both came from Edinburgh , Scotland. However, the family did not stay long in New Zealand and returned to Edinburgh in the early 1870s, where his father died in 1876. His mother Elizabeth then immigrated to Brisbane . On

202-431: A license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction though the formal study of architecture in academic institutions has played a pivotal role in the development of the profession . Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans —such as stone masons and carpenters—who rose to

303-422: A Registration Examination or a series of exams is required prior to licensure. Professionals who engaged in the design and supervision of construction projects before the late 19th century were not necessarily trained in a separate architecture program in an academic setting. Instead, they often trained under established architects. Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects and engineers and

404-403: A building or several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building. Throughout the project (planning to occupancy), the architect coordinates a design team. Structural , mechanical , and electrical engineers are hired by the client or architect, who must ensure that the work is coordinated to construct

505-591: A comparatively small city whose commercial expansion has exceeded even the dreams of the then most visionary businessmen. Even in Brisbane, commercial buildings have a transitory life, so that of the many buildings designed by the architect a number of them have been demolished, added to, or altered out of all recognition. By and large, Dods' commercial work was not inspiring, but several of his buildings were significant, advanced for their time, and well worthy of further study. His architectural works include: He designed

606-422: A general cemetery and does not have sections reserved for particular religious denominations. Size is 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres). Ocean views, although the cemetery does not extend down to the cliff. As well as the main gates, there is a lych gate entrance on Burge Street and an arched entrance from Old South Head Road. From the main gates, a sweeping avenue leads down to the ornately-carved Celtic cross, erected by

707-597: A new hospital at South Brisbane — the Mater Misericordiae Hospital . From 1908 the first four buildings were designed and built under the firm's supervision. An ambitious chapel for the sisters was also designed but not built. Dods designed most of the projects emanating from the partnership. These included a number of modern and distinctive houses in timber for a handful of doctors and other professional clients (often also his friends), several graziers, as well as private residences for his commercial clients. It

808-926: A number of high-achieving, famous and notable people from across NSW, Australia and the world. Over nearly 150 years South Head Cemetery has become the final resting place for over 6,000 people, including 137 listed in the Australian Dictionary of Biography . These include notable people from architecture, business, religious, political and sporting backgrounds, such as: Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton (1920); NSW Governors Sir Walter Davidson (1923) and Sir Roden Cutler (2002); NSW Premiers Sir John Robertson (1891), Sir William Lyne (1913), Sir Charles Wade (1922) and Sir Joseph Carruthers (1932); Queensland Premier and Federal Treasurer "Red Ted" Theodore (1950); Sydney Lord Mayors Sir Richard Richards (1920), Sir Allen Taylor (1940), Sir Archibald Howie (1943), Sir Samuel Walder (1946), and Sir Emmet McDermott (2002); members of

909-500: A public figure was that of Margaret, wife of Sir John Robertson, on 8 August 1889. Sir John was the Premier of New South Wales in 1860–61, 1868–70, 1875–77 and 1885–86, and his parliamentary career covered over 30 years from 1856 to 1886. Also in 1889 Sir John's 82-year-old Maori servant known as John Blanket was buried within the Robertson family vault. The inscription 'Sir John's Blanket' on

1010-436: A relevant body (often a government) may legally practice architecture. Such licensure usually requires a university degree, successful completion of exams, and a training period. Representation of oneself as an architect through the use of terms and titles were restricted to licensed individuals by law, although in general, derivatives such as architectural designer were not legally protected. To practice architecture implies

1111-487: A signal station at South Head. A road from Sydney to South Head was built in 1811, and in 1816 a lighthouse was constructed at the signal station. This road became known as Old South Head Road when New South Head Road was built in the 1830s. Old South Head Road runs along the western side of the cemetery and meets New South Head Road near the entrance gates. In 1841 the Reverend Lancelot Threlkeld became

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1212-493: A title attached to a person's name was regulated by law in some countries. Architects' fee structure was typically based on a percentage of construction value, as a rate per unit area of the proposed construction, hourly rates, or a fixed lump sum fee. Combination of these structures were also common. Fixed fees were usually based on a project's allocated construction cost and could range between 4 and 12% of new construction cost for commercial and institutional projects, depending on

1313-421: A vital part of the current design, and in some jurisdictions, design reports and records are required to include ongoing considerations of materials and contaminants, waste management and recycling, traffic control, and fire safety. Previously, architects employed drawings to illustrate and generate design proposals. While conceptual sketches are still widely used by architects, computer technology has now become

1414-564: A warranty which specifies the expected life and other aspects of the material, product, or work. In most jurisdictions prior notification to the relevant authority must be given before commencement of the project, giving the local authority notice to carry out independent inspections. The architect will then review and inspect the progress of the work in coordination with the local authority. The architect will typically review contractor shop drawings and other submittals , prepare and issue site instructions, and provide Certificates for Payment to

1515-699: Is Crown Land governed by Waverley Municipal Council . It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 25 August 2017. South Head General Cemetery is located on the land of the Birrabirragal clan of the Dharug nation. As with most Aboriginal groups in Australia prior to European colonisation , the Birrabirragal people lived a traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle that utilised

1616-742: Is a marble cross and anchor marking the burial of sea captain Malcolm Green (d. 1904) (that includes a memorial to his brother James Green (d. 1857), captain of the ill-fated Dunbar). A few mausolea and family vaults are dotted throughout the site. A fabulous pair of Grecian and Gothic mausoleums memorialise the Foy and Smith families on the southern part of the site. The family plot includes a simple Celtic cross memorial to (Kings Cross) activist Juanita Nielsen (née Smith) who disappeared in 1975. South Head cemetery also boasts local wildlife, with kestrel sometimes perching on headstones. As of 12 December 2016 ,

1717-798: Is like matrimony in this, that it is most frequently assailed by those who have failed to attain it for themselves." Robin Dods achieved early recognition of his domestic work. His houses, when built, were soon noticed and admired. His clients were evidently people with means, since a great bulk of his Brisbane houses were in the wealthy suburbs of Clayfield and New Farm . There is also a Dods house in Charleville and another in Reynella, South Australia. In two known cases only did he design cottage-type houses. These were two groups of three, and evidently designed for clients who were investing in real estate. Designing to suit

1818-472: Is likely that there wereearlier trustees, as described in Dowd's 'History of Waverley' involved in setting out and fencing of the cemetery following the granting of land in 1845. Dowd lists these as Messrs. Siddons, Gibson, Jenkins, Bethel, Hosking and Fisher. The original land grant of zero point four zero hectares (one acre) was formalised in 1872. This area was the south-eastern part of the present cemetery site, on

1919-967: Is named on the gravestone of his brother Malcolm who died in 1904. In addition, a small number of earlier graves were moved to South Head Cemetery from the Devonshire Street Cemetery in 1901 at the time of the construction of Central railway station . In the lands Dedication Book held at the State Archives, the first recorded trustees were appointed in 1870 by the Minister for Lands, Sir John Robertson . They were Thomas John Fisher (1813–1875, barrister and son-in-law of William Charles Wentworth of Vaucluse House ), Joseph Scaife Willis (1808–1897, resident of "Greycliffe", Vaucluse), George Thorne (1810–1891, resident of "Claremont", now part of Rose Bay convent) and Edward Mason Hunt (1842–1899, barrister and resident of "The Hermitage", Vaucluse). Although, it

2020-528: Is no evidence in newspapers of any burials in the cemetery before1868 when the burial occurred on 27 February of Major Lee, a resident of Vaucluse. As this is the earliest burial that there is proof of. It is very likely that the Cemetery had many burials between 1845 and 1895. Some earlier deaths were commemorated on later monuments, such as James Green, captain of the Dunbar which was wrecked off South Head in 1857. He

2121-685: Is of state heritage significance for its aesthetic values. Sited in a suburban setting on approx. four hectares, overlooking Diamond Bay and the Tasman Sea. The Cemetery is enclosed by a low stone wall and impressive bronze entry gates which contribute strongly to the cemetery's aesthetic values. The original form of the cemetery if visible with grass between the plots and lawn graves in the original paths. There are hardly any shrubs or trees within its walls, though groups and rows of Canary Island palms ( c.  1925 ), and later Norfolk Island pines and New Zealand pohutukawa trees (Metrosideros excelsa), surround

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2222-545: Is of state heritage significance for its educational and research potential. The cemetery is an outdoor archive of genealogical, biographical, historical, architectural, artistic and demographic information which demonstrates the historic and contemporary social character of Sydney and New South Wales. South Head General Cemetery is of state heritage significance as a rare and distinctive landscape character which sets it apart from other general cemeteries of its age and size. The absence of denominational or religious sections within

2323-473: Is often between the client and the contractor. This contract is legally binding and covers a wide range of aspects, including the insurance and commitments of all stakeholders, the status of the design documents, provisions for the architect's access, and procedures for the control of the works as they proceed. Depending on the type of contract used, provisions for further sub-contract tenders may be required. The architect may require that some elements be covered by

2424-495: Is still in use and demonstrates the cultural diversity and changing social values and attitudes of the Australian people towards death and its commemoration over nearly 150 years. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history. South Head General Cemetery is of state heritage significance for its historical association with

2525-404: Is surrounded on three sides by 1- to 2-storey houses. On the west, a retirement apartment complex has been constructed on the site formerly occupied by Vaucluse High School. As of 14 March 2017, South Head General Cemetery is of state heritage significance as the first general public cemetery in the eastern suburbs. It is on land originally granted in 1845 and eventually founded in 1868 as part of

2626-548: Is the Pritzker Prize , sometimes termed the "Nobel Prize for architecture". The inaugural Pritzker Prize winner was Philip Johnson who was cited as having "50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theatres libraries, houses gardens and corporate structures". The Pritzker Prize has been awarded for forty-two straight editions without interruption, and there are now 22 countries with at least one winning architect. Other prestigious architectural awards are

2727-721: The AMP Society , the Bank of New South Wales , the New Zealand Insurance Co, JC Hutton & Co, the Australian Mercantile Land and Finance Company, the Engineering Supply Company of Australia as well as several local department stores . For such clients there was the likelihood of repeat commissions, many of which eventuated. Within the original firm John Hall began in 1864, and the next incarnation, there

2828-748: The Royal Gold Medal , the AIA Gold Medal (US), AIA Gold Medal (Australia), and the Praemium Imperiale . Architects in the UK who have made contributions to the profession through design excellence or architectural education or have in some other way advanced the profession might, until 1971, be elected Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects and can write FRIBA after their name if they feel so inclined. Those elected to chartered membership of

2929-620: The Congregationalist minister at South Head, and requested the Governor make a land grant for a cemetery. The parish at that time consisted mainly of the fishing village of Watsons Bay . A land grant was reportedly made to Threlkeld by Governor Gipps in 1845. The Sydney Morning Herald noted on 9 September 1845: 'His Excellency the Governor has been pleased, in answer to a memorial from the inhabitants of South Head, to grant one acre of land for

3030-547: The Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA), may be elected as fellow members of HKIA and may use FHKIA after their name. South Head Cemetery The South Head General Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery located at 793 Old South Head Road , Vaucluse, New South Wales , Australia. It was built from 1845 to 1950. It is also known as Old South Head Cemetery and the South Head Cemetery . The property

3131-749: The Packer, Fairfax and Norton newspaper dynasties; members of the Street family legal dynasty including two Chief Justices, Sir Philip Whistler Street (1938) and Sir Kenneth Whistler Street (1972); Anglican Archbishop of Sydney John Charles Wright (1933); the Foy retailing family (including a monument to the disappeared Foy heiress Juanita Nielsen); architects Mortimer Lewis (1879), John Horbury Hunt (1904), Robin Dods (1920), Howard Joseland (1930), John Burcham Clamp (1931) and Neville Gruzman (2005); artist George Washington Lambert (1930); writers Jack Moses (1945) and Frank Clune (1971); entertainer Gladys Moncrieff (1976) and founder of

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3232-734: The RIBA after 1971 may use the initials RIBA but cannot use the old ARIBA and FRIBA. An honorary fellow may use the initials Hon. FRIBA, and an international fellow may use the initials Int. FRIBA. Architects in the US who have made contributions to the profession through design excellence or architectural education or have in some other way advanced the profession are elected Fellows of the American Institute of Architects and can write FAIA after their name. Architects in Canada who have made outstanding contributions to

3333-536: The ability to practice independently of supervision. The term building design professional (or design professional) , by contrast, is a much broader term that includes professionals who practice independently under an alternate profession, such as engineering professionals, or those who assist in the practice of architecture under the supervision of a licensed architect, such as intern architects . In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals may perform design services outside of professional restrictions, such as

3434-469: The acting dynasty Roy Redgrave (1922); racing car driver "Phil" Garlick (1927); and Edmund Resch junior of the brewing family (1963). South Head Cemetery has historical association significance at a state level as the final resting place for a number of individuals associated with significant NSW events, including being the location of 18 Commonwealth war graves for Australian service personnel – 5 of World War I and 13 of World War II. In addition, it contains

3535-532: The antique furniture he had collected for many years." The Newcastle Club, from the offices of Spain and Cosh, is certainly Dods' work, as it exhibits many features characteristic of his Queensland domestic architecture. The largest known work in Sydney that was substantially of Dods' design was the South British Insurance Coy. Ltd. building, at the corner of O'Connell and Hunter Streets . "A modern house

3636-564: The architect must report back to the client, who may have reservations or recommendations which might introduce further variables into the design. Architects also deal with local and federal jurisdictions regarding regulations and building codes . The architect might need to comply with local planning and zoning laws such as required setbacks, height limitations, parking requirements, transparency requirements (windows), and land use . Some jurisdictions require adherence to design and historic preservation guidelines. Health and safety risks form

3737-426: The architect's services during each construction stage may be extensive (detailed document preparation and construction review) or less involved (such as allowing a contractor to exercise considerable design-build functions). Architects typically put projects to tender on behalf of their clients, advise them on the award of the project to a general contractor , facilitate and administer a contract of agreement, which

3838-523: The attempt to cope with the growing demand for new burial grounds following the closure of Devonshire Street Cemetery in Surry Hills . The state heritage significance of South Head General Cemetery is enhanced through its association with a number of high-achieving, famous and notable people from across NSW, Australia and the world including people from the fields of architecture, business and others of religious, political and sporting backgrounds. It contains

3939-502: The boundary on the road verge. The cemetery contains a collection of highly intact funerary monuments and grave furniture with a predominance of granite and trachyte, along with some sandstone and marble. There are a few statues of religious figures such as angels, but the more predominant designs are Celtic and other crosses and obelisks. Smaller monuments such as stone desks often include carved decorations using art deco style. Significant monuments of high aesthetic significance include

4040-494: The building's design, construction, and maintenance. Virtual reality (VR) presentations are becoming more common for visualizing structural designs and interior spaces from the point-of-view perspective. Since modern buildings are known to release carbon into the atmosphere, increasing controls are being placed on buildings and associated technology to reduce emissions, increase energy efficiency, and make use of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources may be designed into

4141-540: The cemetery from one acre when the land grant was made to the present four acres reflects the residential growth of Vaucluse and Watson Bay, and later the development Bellevue Hill, Double Bay and Point Piper . The construction of the substantial homes in these suburbs demonstrates the area's popularity with Sydney's political, cultural and business leaders since the nineteen century as does the burial of many of these individuals in South Head Cemetery. The cemetery

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4242-435: The cemetery is one of the best-preserved and intact old cemeteries in Sydney. Headstones in a good state of preservation. The monuments are generally in very good condition. The South Head Cemetery is still in use, managed by Waverley Council, and this means that some of the landscape design has been compromised. Lawn burials cluster in every spare avenue and pathway. 1924 wall and gates, 1950s amenities block. The cemetery

4343-511: The cemetery is rare. South Head General Cemetery is of state heritage significance as a representative example of a burial ground that can demonstrate the principal characteristics of a general public cemetery from the Victorian period in NSW including funerary monuments which have evolved over time and reflect the social values and attitudes of the Australian community towards death and commemoration from

4444-469: The cemetery wall facing Burge Street. Council agreed to plant replacement trees and ensure they were growing before removing the original trees in 2014. South Head General Cemetery contains the graves of many notable people, including: In various parts of South Head General Cemetery there are Commonwealth war graves of 18 Australian service personnel, five of World War I and 13 of World War II . Other memorials note war veterans who are not buried within

4545-636: The cemetery. The cemetery is also the site of burials of a number of Sydney's early French families, including the Desjardins, Moutons and Tesserts. Cemetery site from 1845, sited above Diamond Bay overlooking the Tasman Sea to its east. Current area 1.6 hectares (4 acres) containing around 6,000 burials. It is surrounded by a low stone fence, with impressive bronze cast-iron gates, between hefty sandstone piers entry gates. It contains some imposing monuments including family vaults. The cemetery has grass between

4646-418: The cemetery. This line continued operating until 1960 when it was replaced by the 324 bus route. The tram made it easier for the public to travel to the cemetery from Sydney either to attend funerals or to visit graves. After the death in office of New South Wales Governor Sir Walter Davidson he was buried in South Head Cemetery on 18 September 1923. Two years later in 1925, the Governor's remains were moved to

4747-667: The central avenue and a large Celtic cross monument was erected by public subscription. This event seems to have spurred the Trustees to undertake improvements, including the perimeter wall and gates. The main gates made from brass and bronze were designed by Edwin Sautelle and installed in 1924. An article in The Watchman newspaper on 13 August 1925 stated: 'In the last two or three years the trustees have spent over A£ 8,000, principally in substantial stone fences, cemented paths, etc.' In 1926

4848-472: The climate was a primary consideration with him. Planning suited the prevailing north-east breeze, and a generous area of wide verandah shaded the living and bedroom areas of his houses. His belief that an insulating layer of air over the house was essential gave rise to the characteristic high-pitched roof ventilated by gablets and neat lanterns. The Robin Dods Award for Residential Architecture – Houses (New)

4949-411: The construction. In many jurisdictions mandatory certification or assurance of the completed work or part of the work is required. This demand for certification entails a high degree of risk; therefore, regular inspections of the work as it progresses on site is required to ensure that the design is in compliance itself as well as following all relevant statutes and permissions. Recent decades have seen

5050-456: The contractor (see also Design-bid-build ) which is based on the work done as well as any materials and other goods purchased or hired in the future. In the United Kingdom and other countries, a quantity surveyor is often part of the team to provide cost consulting. With large, complex projects, an independent construction manager is sometimes hired to assist in the design and management of

5151-427: The corner of Burge and Young Streets. A further area of 3 roods and 36 perches was granted in 1890, west of the original grant and on the corner of Burge Street and Old South Head Road. The final area added to the cemetery was 2 acres, 2 roods and 7 perches granted in 1902 which is to the north of the other two grants and on the corner of Old South Head Road and Young Street . The first funeral held at South Head for

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5252-401: The design becomes more advanced and detailed, specifications and detail designs are made of all the elements and components of the building. Techniques in the production of a building are continually advancing which places a demand on the architect to ensure that he or she remains up to date with these advances. Depending on the client's needs and the jurisdiction's requirements, the spectrum of

5353-429: The design of houses or other smaller structures. In the architectural profession, technical and environmental knowledge, design, and construction management require an understanding of business as well as design. However, design is the driving force throughout the project and beyond. An architect accepts a commission from a client. The commission might involve preparing feasibility reports , building audits, and designing

5454-494: The design takes place. The extent and nature of these expectations will vary. Foresight is a prerequisite when designing buildings as it is a very complex and demanding undertaking. Any design concept during the early stage of its generation must take into account a great number of issues and variables, including the qualities of the space(s), the end-use and life-cycle of these proposed spaces, connections, relations, and aspects between spaces, including how they are put together, and

5555-468: The design undertaking. The architect may make early proposals to the client which may rework the terms of the brief. The "program" (or brief) is essential to producing a project that meets all the needs of the owner. This becomes a guide for the architect in creating the design concept. Design proposal(s) are generally expected to be both imaginative and pragmatic. Much depends upon the time, place, finance, culture, and available crafts and technology in which

5656-452: The design, ensuring that aspects such as structural supports and air conditioning elements are coordinated. The control and planning of construction costs are also part of these consultations. Coordination of the different aspects involves a high degree of specialized communication, including advanced computer technology such as building information modeling (BIM), computer-aided design (CAD), and cloud-based technologies. Finally, at all times,

5757-416: The design. The architect, once hired by a client, is responsible for creating a design concept that meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. The architect must meet with and ask questions to the client, to ascertain all the requirements (and nuances) of the planned project. Often, the full brief is not clear in the beginning. It involves a degree of risk in

5858-401: The design. The design must also balance increasing concerns with environmental sustainability . The architect may introduce (intentionally or not), aspects of mathematics and architecture , new or current architectural theory , or references to architectural history . A key part of the design is that the architect often must consult with engineers, surveyors, and other specialists throughout

5959-480: The development of the professional 'gentleman' architect, separate from the hands-on craftsman. Paper was not used in Europe for drawing until the 15th century but became increasingly available after 1500. Pencils were used for drawing by 1600. The availability of both paper and pencils allowed pre-construction drawings to be made by professionals. Concurrently, the introduction of linear perspective and innovations such as

6060-493: The eastern suburbs. On land originally granted in 1845 " for the purpose of a general cemetery for the interment of the dead, without an restrictions as to the religious persuasion of the deceased", South Head General Cemetery was eventually founded in 1868 as part of the attempt to cope with the growing demand for new burial grounds following the closure of Devonshire Street Cemetery in Surry Hills. Other cemeteries founded at

6161-402: The extension would block the proposed cliff walk and drive from The Gap (Watsons Bay) to Ben Buckler ( North Bondi ), and condemned the practice of having cemeteries in the middle of residential areas. The South Head General Cemetery was the scene of a dramatic series of funerals in 1927, including twelve on one day, following the sinking of the ferry Greycliffe on Sydney Harbour with

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6262-458: The firm (i.e. staff architect, partner, or shareholder, etc.), and the size and location of the firm. A number of national professional organizations exist to promote career and business development in architecture. A wide variety of prizes is awarded by national professional associations and other bodies, recognizing accomplished architects, their buildings, structures, and professional careers. The most lucrative award an architect can receive

6363-552: The following architectural firms: Dods' period of activity in Brisbane between 1896 and 1916 place him firmly within what is now known as the Federation period. His work however has its origins clearly in the Arts and Crafts movement which swept Britain from the 1870s. Its influence was felt there right up until the beginning of World War I. Robin Dods was a gifted and capable designer, and

6464-657: The graves of 24 of the 40 people drowned in the 1927 sinking of the Greycliffe in Sydney Harbour. The burial of the Maori man known as John Blanket (Sir John Robertson's long-term servant) is an important and unusual indigenous interment in a European setting. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. South Head General Cemetery

6565-503: The graves of people drowned in the 1927 sinking of the "Greycliffe" in Sydney Harbour and others associated with important events in the history and development of NSW. South Head General Cemetery is of state heritage significance for its aesthetic values. It has landmark values availed by its position overlooking Diamond Bay and the Tasman Sea. Its eclectic collection of intact funerary monuments of various eras contributes to its landmark and aesthetic values. South Head General Cemetery

6666-409: The impact of proposals on the immediate and wider locality. The selection of appropriate materials and technology must be considered, tested, and reviewed at an early stage in the design to ensure there are no setbacks (such as higher-than-expected costs) which could occur later in the project. The site and its surrounding environment, as well as the culture and history of the place, will also influence

6767-411: The industry standard. Furthermore, design may include the use of photos, collages, prints, linocuts, 3D scanning technology, and other media in design production. Increasingly, computer software is shaping how architects work. BIM technology allows for the creation of a virtual building that serves as an information database for the sharing of design and building information throughout the life-cycle of

6868-478: The kerbing has been misunderstood by some writers as referring metaphorically to Sir John's grave as a "stone blanket", rather than to a named person buried within it. Sir John was buried with his wife on 10 May 1891, and the Singleton Argus of 13 May 1891 commented: "The cemetery itself, bleak and unornamented, is a dreary enough looking place, but its appearance on Sunday afternoon, with people walking about it,

6969-450: The larger commercial work offering in the south. In 1913 he terminated his partnership with Francis Hall and went to Sydney to join the firm of Spain and Cosh . Little is now known of Dods' architectural activity in Sydney . He built for himself a house at Edgecliff , described by a contemporary as "charming in its quiet Georgian character, well planned, and forming an attractive setting for

7070-417: The late 19th century to the present day. South Head General Cemetery was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 25 August 2017 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. South Head General Cemetery is of state historical significance as the first general public cemetery in

7171-619: The loss of 40 lives. On 3 November the ferry was travelling from Circular Quay and Garden Island heading for Nielsen Park and Watsons Bay when it collided at 4.15 pm with the steamer Tahiti and sank. The 24 Greycliffe victims buried in South Head Cemetery are in individual graves. In late 1937 Edwin Sautelle was discharged as Secretary of the Trust after 42 years' service. Along with this role he ran his own engineering firm and served on Vaucluse Council from 1912 to 1934 including three terms as Mayor. A subsequent audit revealed that up to A£40,000

7272-439: The monuments to Governor Walter Davidson and Archbishop John Wright, the tomb of Sir John Robertson designed by noted architect John Horbury Hunt, Hunt's own grave of brick, the cenotaph-style monument to Sydney Lord Mayor Archbald Howie (1943), the Foy family gravestone with the family members' signatures reproduced, the finely sculpted bas-relief of an angel and four cherubs on the grave of Fanny Eleanor Elizabeth Wheeler (1932) and

7373-533: The most famous monuments is the marble bust to motor car racer, Phil Garlick (d. 1927), complete with steering wheel and racing cap flaps. Towards the southern part of the cemetery are some early sandstone altar tombs, dating from the 1850s, that were transferred from the Devonshire Street Cemeteries. South Head Cemetery also features a number of naval burials, often marked with anchors – commanders and captains who now enjoy ocean views. An example

7474-409: The natural resources available in their environment to achieve the physical and spiritual nourishment to sustain their way of life. Evidence of the area's occupation by the Birrabirragal people is found in nearby areas such as Nielsen Park (Vaucluse), Cooper Park ( Bellevue Hill ) and Bondi . European exploration into the coastal region of eastern Sydney commenced in 1790 with the establishment of

7575-406: The original Trustees had been replaced by others including Harold Francis Norrie (mayor of Vaucluse and local doctor) and J. A. Murray. A sexton's cottage had been built by 1895, when a newspaper report mentioned the sexton's wife assisting a visitor seeking Sir John Robertson's grave. The tram line extension from Edgecliff to Watsons Bay opened in 1909 along New South Head Road, passing close by

7676-527: The people of Sydney, to commemorate the grave of Sir Walter Edward Davidsion (d. 1923), Governor of NSW, 1918–23. Large and expensive family monuments line this avenue, one of the best places to be buried in this cemetery. The cemetery is notable for some fine examples of art deco memorials dating from the 1920s and 1930s – including the Wheeler Memorial by sculptor Rayner Hoff – and for a preponderance of large granite memorials marking family plots. One of

7777-460: The plots and lawn graves in the original paths. There are hardly any shrubs or trees within its walls, though groups and rows of Canary Island palms, ( Phoenix canariensis , c.  1925 ) and later Norfolk Island pines ( Araucaria heterophylla ) and New Zealand pohutukawa trees ( Metrosideros excelsa ), surround the boundary ('define its perimeter'. A modest amenities building dates from c.  1950 . South Head Cemetery has always been

7878-499: The profession through contributions to research, scholarship, public service, or professional standing to the good of architecture in Canada or elsewhere may be recognized as Fellows of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada and can write FRAIC after their name. In Hong Kong, those elected to chartered membership may use the initial HKIA, and those who have made a special contribution after nomination and election by

7979-497: The project's size and complexity. Residential projects ranged from 12 to 20%. Renovation projects typically commanded higher percentages such as 15–20%. Overall billings for architectural firms range widely, depending on their location and economic climate. Billings have traditionally been dependent on local economic conditions, but with rapid globalization, this is becoming less of a factor for large international firms. Salaries could also vary depending on experience, position within

8080-687: The proposed building by local or national renewable energy providers. As a result, the architect is required to remain abreast of current regulations that are continually being updated. Some new developments exhibit extremely low energy use or passive solar building design . However, the architect is also increasingly being required to provide initiatives in a wider environmental sense. Examples of this include making provisions for low-energy transport, natural daylighting instead of artificial lighting, natural ventilation instead of air conditioning, pollution, and waste management, use of recycled materials, and employment of materials which can be easily recycled. As

8181-434: The purpose of a general cemetery for the interment of the dead, without any restrictions as to the religious persuasion of the deceased.' Little can be gleaned from the documents of the cemetery on activities of the early Trust prior 1895 as the cemetery claims no records have survived. This leaves a gap in the record and provides a challenge to those today searching for people known to have been buried at South Head. There

8282-742: The rise of specialisations within the profession. Many architects and architectural firms focus on certain project types (e.g. healthcare, retail, public housing, and event management), technological expertise, or project delivery methods. Some architects specialise in building code, building envelope , sustainable design , technical writing , historic preservation(US) or conservation (UK), and accessibility . Many architects elect to move into real-estate (property) development , corporate facilities planning, project management , construction management, chief sustainability officers interior design, city planning, user experience design , and design research. Although there are variations in each location, most of

8383-453: The role of master builders. Until modern times, there was no clear distinction between architect and engineer. In Europe, the titles architect and engineer were primarily geographical variations that referred to the same person, often used interchangeably. "Architect" derives from Greek ἀρχιτέκτων ( arkhitéktōn , "master builder," "chief tektōn ). It is suggested that various developments in technology and mathematics allowed

8484-556: The same time were Rookwood , Gore Hill and Balmain (now Pioneer Memorial Park, Leichhardt ). South Head General Cemetery may have particular historical significance for the decision to exclude religious sections or portions unlike most other general cemeteries. The cemetery is of historical significance at a state level for its ability to demonstrate the historical rise of the Eastern suburbs as one of Sydney's most affluent and desirable locations to both live and die. The expansion of

8585-431: The school badge for Somerville House , a Brisbane private school in 1902. He built in the following architectural styles: Architect The professional requirements for architects vary from location to location. An architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus the architect must undergo specialised training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn

8686-430: The social fabric of Sydney's eastern suburbs, particularly its cultural, political and business elite. The cemetery reflects the cultural and religious diversity of the Australian community since 1870 and its contemporary social significance is increased by its public accessibility and regular visitation. South Head General Cemetery has strong association with many prominent individuals and families that are interred in

8787-469: The title used varied depending on geographical location. They often carried the title of master builder or surveyor after serving a number of years as an apprentice (such as Sir Christopher Wren ). The formal study of architecture in academic institutions played a pivotal role in the development of the profession as a whole, serving as a focal point for advances in architectural technology and theory. The use of "Architect" or abbreviations such as "Ar." as

8888-525: The trustees had ambitious plans, with a proposal to expand the cemetery by acquiring around 17 acres extending south-eastwards to the coast. The Local Land Board approved the resumption of the area, but Waverley Municipal Council successfully appealed against the decision to the Land and Valuation Court . The move was opposed by Sir John Sulman , president of the Town Planning Association, who stated that

8989-506: The use of different projections to describe a three-dimensional building in two dimensions, together with an increased understanding of dimensional accuracy, helped building designers communicate their ideas. However, development was gradual and slow-going. Until the 18th century, buildings continued to be designed and set out by craftsmen, with the exception of high-status projects. In most developed countries only those qualified with an appropriate license, certification, or registration with

9090-515: The voyage she met Charles Ferdinard Marks , a physician, whom she married in Brisbane in 1879. Dods was educated at Brisbane Grammar School . He died at Edgecliff, Sydney on 23 July 1920. He was the brother of solicitor Stodart Dods and Queensland Medical Officer Espie Dods . He was the father of eminent physician Lorimer Dods . He had three half-brothers and a half-sister from his mother's second marriage to Dr Charles Marks. They included Alexander Marks and Edward Marks . Robin Dods worked for

9191-432: The white marble sculpture of motor racing driver "Phil" Garlick who was killed in an accident at Maroubra Speedway (1927). The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. As an operational general public cemetery, South Head Cemetery is of state heritage significance for its historic and contemporary association with

9292-412: The world's architects are required to register with the appropriate jurisdiction. Architects are typically required to meet three common requirements: education, experience, and examination. Basic educational requirement generally consist of a university in architecture. The experience requirement for degree candidates is usually satisfied by a practicum or internship (usually two to three years). Finally,

9393-475: Was Bruce Carlyle Hughes, the Inspector of Local Government Accounts. After two years a new group of trustees was appointed in 1941, including aldermen of Waverley and Vaucluse Councils. However less than six months later the trustees were removed and on 17 October 1941 Waverley Municipal Council was appointed sole trustee. Waverley Council has continued to operate South Head Cemetery since 1941. The sexton's cottage

9494-508: Was almost weird." Sir John's body was conveyed by boat from Watsons Bay to Circular Quay from where the funeral procession proceeded back to South Head by road to allow the public to pay their respects along the route. In 1895 the Trust appointed a Secretary, Edwin Stanhope Sautelle, who was also the Clerk and Engineer of Vaucluse Borough Council which was established in that year. By then

9595-593: Was an established client base, although many new clients were secured by Dods. Through Dods’ links with the medical profession, Hall & Dods became architects for both of the major hospitals in Brisbane at the time. For the Brisbane General Hospital , where Dods’ stepfather was visiting surgeon and his uncle was chairman of the Hospital Board, Hall & Dods were commissioned for some 10 projects. The Sisters of Mercy also employed Hall & Dods to design

9696-467: Was buried in the South Head Cemetery . At the age of 52, a busy and useful life was thus cut short, and a distinguished architect passed on, to leave in Queensland a legacy of outstanding achievement in the development of its architecture. Although he had been so busy and successful in Brisbane , Dods felt that his architectural future in this city was limited. His ambition made him anxious to break into

9797-412: Was demolished after 1941 to create more space for burials, and was replaced with a smaller liver-brick amenities block in the 1950s. The addition of lawn graves from the late 1960s utilised the central avenue and other paths to increase the burial space within the cemetery. In 2011 residents expressed concern at the proposed removal of tuckeroo street trees ( Cupaniopsis anacardioides ) which were damaging

9898-524: Was established in his honour by the Queensland chapter of the Australian Institute of Architects . As with his domestic work, Dods' commercial architecture is easily recognised. Again wherever possible he attempted to design for the climate, and his best work shows spacious planning and good ventilation. Soaring real estate values have made much of his planning now seem wasteful, but in any evaluation of his work it must be remembered that he worked in

9999-528: Was missing and in April 1938 Sautelle was charged with forging time sheets and stealing. He was convicted on six charges and sentenced to three years' imprisonment. This case signalled the end for the Trustees, and in 1939 the New South Wales parliament passed the South Head Cemetery Act which removed the trustees and authorised the Minister for Lands to appoint a single trustee in their place. The new trustee

10100-743: Was through the design of these houses that his reputation largely survives. Dods visited the Continent in 1891 for a study tour of Italy. It was in Naples that he met Charles Rennie Mackintosh , who was also travelling to fulfil the terms of the Alexander Thomson Scholarship which he had won the previous year. Macintosh was destined to be recognised as one of the pioneers of the Modern Movement , and this meeting could have influenced Dods' architectural outlook. Robin Dods died on 23 July 1920, and

10201-823: Was well connected. His surgeon stepfather, Dr Charles Ferdinand Marks , and his uncle, James Stodart , were both members of the Queensland Parliament , in its Upper and Lower houses respectively. Like them, he was admitted into the Protestant power base of the Queensland Club . This was a great asset in building a successful career. Dods was also a founding member of the Brisbane Golf Club and designed its first and second club houses. Hall & Dods were architects in Queensland for several national enterprises including

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