31-554: Robert Howard may refer to: Entertainment [ edit ] Robert Howard (playwright) (1626–1698), English playwright and politician Robert Boardman Howard (1896–1983), American muralist and sculptor Robert E. Howard (1906–1936), fantasy writer, creator of Conan the Barbarian Bob Howard (singer) (1906–1986), American jazz pianist and vocalist Robert Howard ("Dr. Robert", born 1961), British pop star and member of
62-561: A balance of parliament and monarchy. All his life he continued in a series of powerful positions; in 1671 he became secretary to the Treasury , and in 1673 auditor of the Exchequer . He helped bring William of Orange to the throne and was made a privy councillor in 1689. His interest in financial matters continued, and in later life he subscribed to the newly founded Bank of England while continuing his work on currency reform. Robert Howard
93-480: A political comedy, was the most popular. It caricatured the manners of the Commonwealth. The Great Favourite, or The Duke of Lerma was preferred by some writers: A. W. Ward , for example. Howard and his brother-in-law, the poet John Dryden , co-wrote The Indian Queen , later set to music by Henry Purcell . Howard, who had acted as Dryden's patron for some time, went on to have a public dispute with him over
124-514: A suggestion of stylishness. Cavalier remained in use as a description for members of the party that supported the monarchy up until the Exclusion Crisis of 1678–1681 when the term was superseded by "Tory" which was another term initially with pejorative connotations. Likewise, during the Exclusion Bill crisis, the term Roundhead was replaced with " Whig ", a term introduced by the opponents of
155-547: A tee. Of another Cavalier, George Goring, Lord Goring , a general in the Royalist army, the principal advisor to Charles II , Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon , said: [He] would, without hesitation, have broken any trust, or done any act of treachery to have satisfied an ordinary passion or appetite; and in truth wanted nothing but industry (for he had wit, and courage, and understanding and ambition, uncontrolled by any fear of God or man) to have been as eminent and successful in
186-803: Is the first person known to use the English phase "We the People." He used this phrase in a debate in Parliament on 28 January 1689. He said, referring to King James II : "When he acts by his Will, and not by the Laws, he is no King; for he acts by Power and Tyranny. I have heard, "that the King has his Crown by Divine Right," and we (the People) have Divine Right too ; but he can forfeit, if he break that pact and covenant with his People, who have Right, by reason of their Election, as well as in
217-586: The English Civil War his royalist sympathies led to his imprisonment at Windsor Castle in 1658. After the Restoration , he quickly rose to prominence in political life, with several appointments to posts which brought him influence and money. He was Member of Parliament for Stockbridge in the Cavalier Parliament (1661 to 1679) and for Castle Rising (1679 to 1681 and 1689 to 1698), and believed in
248-660: The Blow Monkeys Politics [ edit ] Robert Howard (Royalist) (1585–1653), Royalist commander and M.P. Robert Danvers (1624–1674), aka Robert Howard, English politician Robert Howard, 2nd Earl of Wicklow (1757–1815), Anglo-Irish politician and peer Robert Howard (unionist) (1845–1902), British-born American labor union leader and politician Robert Mowbray Howard (1854–1928), English official Rob Howard (politician) ( fl. 2009), Canadian politician Religion [ edit ] Robert Howard (bishop) (1670–1740), Anglican prelate in
279-1160: The Church of Ireland Robert Wilmot Howard (1887–1960), British Anglican priest and academic Sports [ edit ] Robert Howard (martial artist) (born 1938), Irish taekwondo master Robert Howard (Irish swimmer) (born 1956), Irish Olympic swimmer Robert Howard (American swimmer) (born 1996), American freestyle swimmer Robert Howard (triple jumper) (1975–2004), American triple jumper Bob Howard (American football) (1944–2008), American football defensive back Bobby Howard (running back) (born 1964), American football running back Bob Howard (born 1963), American professional wrestler best known as Hardcore Holly Robert Howard (wrestler, born 2002) Rob Howard (footballer) , English footballer Other [ edit ] Robert Howard (knight) (1385–1436), father of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk Bob Howard (political scientist) (born 1936), Australian professor of international relations Robert F. Howard (1883–1963), Texan farmer and agriculture professor Robert L. Howard (1939–2009), Medal of Honor recipient during
310-579: The King; some whereof, under the name of Cavaliers, without having respect to the Laws of the Land, or any fear either of God or Man, were ready to commit all manner of Outrage and Violence. 1642 Petition Lords & Com. 17 June in Rushw. Coll. III. (1721) I. 631 That your Majesty..would please to dismiss your extraordinary Guards, and the Cavaliers and others of that Quality, who seem to have little Interest or Affection to
341-699: The Royalist field officers were typically in their early thirties, married with rural estates which had to be managed. Although they did not share the same outlook on how to worship God as the English Independents of the New Model Army , God was often central to their lives. This type of Cavalier was personified by Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading , whose prayer at the start of the Battle of Edgehill has become famous "O Lord, Thou knowest how busy I must be this day. If I forget Thee, do not forget me". At
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#1733085893444372-428: The Royalist side – capricious men who cared more for vanity than the nation at large. The chaplain to King Charles I, Edward Simmons described a Cavalier as "a Child of Honour, a Gentleman well borne and bred, that loves his king for conscience sake, of a clearer countenance, and bolder look than other men, because of a more loyal Heart". There were many men in the Royalist armies who fit this description since most of
403-571: The Vietnam War Robert Howard (1944–2015), responsible for the murder of Hannah Williams in England, and maybe others Robert Rice Howard (known as 'Nosey Bob' Howard) (1832–1906), Australian executioner, active from 1875 to 1904 Robert Souper Howard (1818–1881), Chilean soldier Robert Howard Hodgkin , British historian [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with
434-565: The archetypal recorder of the Cavalier image, all took the Parliamentary side in the Civil War. Probably the most famous image identified as of a "cavalier", Frans Hals ' Laughing Cavalier , shows a gentleman from the strongly Calvinist Dutch town of Haarlem , and is dated 1624. These derogatory terms (for at the time they were so intended) also showed what the typical Parliamentarian thought of
465-595: The best authors, without obtruding his own fancies or dreams under the notion of history'. Howard was active in the London theatrical world after the Restoration , and was both scene designer for, and shareholder in, the Theatre Royal , along with Thomas Killigrew and eight actors . His plays were successful and continued to be performed in the 18th century, though some later critics, notably Walter Scott , found fault with them. The Committee; Or, The Faithful Irishman (1665),
496-772: The cavaleros about London". Shallow returns in The Merry Wives of Windsor (c. 1597), where he is called "Cavaleiro Justice" (knightly judge) and "bully rook", a term meaning "blustering cheat". "Cavalier" is chiefly associated with the Royalist supporters of King Charles I in his struggle with Parliament in the English Civil War. It first appears as a term of reproach and contempt, applied to Charles' followers in June 1642: 1642 (June 10) Propositions of Parlt . in Clarendon v. (1702) I. 504 Several sorts of malignant Men, who were about
527-447: The dress of at least the most extreme Roundhead supporters of Parliament , with their preference for shorter hair and plainer dress, although neither side conformed to the stereotypical images entirely. Most Parliamentarian generals wore their hair at much the same length as their Royalist counterparts, though Cromwell was something of an exception. The best patrons in the nobility of Charles I's court painter Sir Anthony van Dyck ,
558-688: The end of the First Civil War , Astley gave his word that he would not take up arms again against Parliament and having given his word he felt duty bound to refuse to help the Royalist cause in the Second Civil War ; however, the word was coined by the Roundheads as a pejorative propaganda image of a licentious, hard drinking and frivolous man, who rarely, if ever, thought of God. It is this image which has survived and many Royalists, for example Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester , fitted this description to
589-404: The highest attempt of wickedness as any man in the age he lived in or before. Of all his qualifications dissimulation was his masterpiece; in which he so much excelled, that men were not ordinarily ashamed, or out of countenance, with being deceived but twice by him. This sense has developed into the modern English use of "cavalier" to describe a recklessly nonchalant attitude, although still with
620-463: The manor at Wootton Bassett left her by her husband, Sir Francis Englefield. Lady Honoria complained to the King and to the Commons that Howard did not allow her any of the money which she had brought into the marriage. His third wife was Mary Uphill, who was often at Howard's manor house at Ashtead which he bought around 1680. In 1693 he married an 18-year-old maid of honour , Anabella Dives. Thomas
651-562: The name of Mr King— This original of power, resistance or non-resistance, is judged by the power resolved by People and King— The Constitution of the Government is actually grounded upon pact and covenant with the People."(emphasis added) He was thought of as arrogant and was caricatured in a play by Shadwell as Sir Positive-At-All, a boastful knight. Howard died on 3 September 1698 and is buried in Westminster Abbey . Most of his writing
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#1733085893444682-579: The publick Good, their Language and Behaviour speaking nothing but Division and War. Charles, in the Answer to the Petition 13 June 1642, speaks of Cavaliers as a "word by what mistake soever it seemes much in disfavour". It was soon reappropriated as a title of honour by the king's party, who in return applied Roundhead to their opponents. At the Restoration, the court party preserved the name, which survived until
713-449: The rise of the term Tory . Cavalier was not understood at the time as primarily a term describing a style of dress, but a whole political and social attitude. However, in modern times the word has become more particularly associated with the court fashions of the period , which included long flowing hair in ringlets, brightly coloured clothing with elaborate trimmings (i.e., lace collars and cuffs), and plumed hats . This contrasted with
744-658: The same Latin root as the Italian word cavaliere , the French word chevalier , and the Spanish word caballero , the Vulgar Latin word caballarius , meaning 'horseman'. Shakespeare used the word cavaleros to describe an overbearing swashbuckler or swaggering gallant in Henry IV, Part 2 (c. 1596–1599), in which Robert Shallow says, "I'll drink to Master Bardolph, and to all
775-525: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Howard&oldid=1240069551 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Robert Howard (playwright) Sir Robert Howard (January 1626 – 3 September 1698)
806-412: The use of rhyme in drama, but they were reconciled before Howard's death. Other poets' work paid tribute to Howard. John Dryden wrote a poem entitled, "To Sir My Honored Friend, Sir Robert Howard", in which Dryden praised Howard for his poetic abilities. He married four times. After the mother of his six children, Anne Kingsmill, died, he married an older widow, Lady Honoria ( née O'Brien), and adopted
837-461: Was an English playwright and politician. He fought for the Royalist cause in the English Civil War . Robert was born the fifth son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire and his wife Lady Elizabeth Cecil, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Exeter . As the 18-year-old son of a Royalist family, he fought at the battle of Cropredy Bridge and was knighted for the bravery he showed there. In the years after
868-486: Was for the stage, although he also wrote some poetry, and two books on political questions. One of these was The Life and Reign of King Richard the Second , published anonymously in 1681, with the author described simply as 'a Person of Quality'. The book was published in octavo and contains 240 pages. In his Preface, Howard states that he 'has made it his business truly to set down naked matters of fact as he finds them related by
899-611: Was his only surviving son; his daughter, the Poor Clare Mary Howard was in a convent at Rouen . Howard was a great-grandson of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , who, jointly with his friend Sir Thomas Wyatt were known as the "Fathers of the English Sonnet" and were the first English poets to write in the sonnet form that Shakespeare later used. He had three brothers who also wrote plays — Edward Howard , Colonel Henry Howard, and James Howard . Their sister, Elizabeth Howard,
930-459: Was later adopted by the Royalists themselves. Although it referred originally to political and social attitudes and behaviour, of which clothing was a very small part, it has subsequently become strongly identified with the fashionable clothing of the court at the time. Prince Rupert , commander of much of Charles I's cavalry, is often considered to be an archetypal Cavalier. Cavalier derives from
961-482: Was married to the influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright John Dryden . Cavalier The term Cavalier ( / ˌ k æ v ə ˈ l ɪər / ) was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of Charles I of England and his son Charles II during the English Civil War , the Interregnum , and the Restoration (1642 – c. 1679 ). It