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22-435: In the 14th century, pavage grants, which had previously been made for paving the market place or streets of towns, began also to be used for maintaining some roads between towns. These grants were made by letters patent , almost invariably for a limited term, presumably the time likely to be required to pay for the required works. Responsibility for the upkeep of most roads seems to have rested with landowners, however. This

44-447: A cash equivalent, and appoint surveyors and collectors, in return they repaired the road and put up mileposts. Initially trusts were established for limited periods – often twenty one years. The expectation was that the trust would borrow the money to repair the road and repay that debt over time with the road then reverting to the parishes. In reality the initial debt was rarely paid off and the trusts were renewed as needed. Shortly after

66-519: A long time north of York or west of Exeter . Long trains of packhorses still carried goods through Settle until the Keighley and Kendal Turnpike was started in 1753. The rise of railway transport largely halted the improving schemes of the turnpike trusts. The London- Birmingham railway almost instantly halved the tolls income of the Holyhead Road. The system was never properly reformed but from

88-405: A system of passageways under the platforms to give access to the track. The station originally featured a large lamp standard and sign in the space in front of the station which was part of Holden's original design, but this has since been removed. Turnpike Lane bus station is situated behind the tube station complex. It is owned and maintained by Transport for London . There are three stands at

110-410: Is 12 feet (3.7 metres) below street level. In common with Manor House and Wood Green , the station tunnels have a diameter of 23 feet (7 metres) and were designed for the greater volume of traffic expected. Bounds Green and Southgate have only 21-foot (6.4 metres) diameter platform tunnels. The construction of "suicide pits" between the rails was also innovative. These were built in connection with

132-421: Is akin to that in a cathedral transept. Two of the street entrances gave access to the tram routes to and from Alexandra Palace via tramway island exits into Turnpike Lane . The tram services were withdrawn in 1938 and replaced by buses; these continued to use the tram islands until 1968, when they were removed. The sub-surface areas are tiled in biscuit coloured tiles lined with yellow friezes. The booking hall

154-649: Is on the northeastern part of the Piccadilly line between Manor House and Wood Green . The station was opened on 19 September 1932 as part of the Cockfosters extension . It is in Travelcard Zone 3 . It was opened on 19 September 1932. It was the first Underground station in the Municipal Borough of Tottenham and was located at the meeting point of the boroughs of Tottenham, Hornsey and Wood Green, all now part of

176-478: The 1870s Parliament stopped renewing the acts and roads began to revert to local authorities, the last trust vanishing in 1895. However, some bridges continue to be privately owned and subject to tolls. The Local Government Act 1888 created county councils and gave them responsibility for maintaining the major roads. The abiding relic of the English toll roads is the number of houses with names like "Turnpike Cottage",

198-550: The 1960s. By the 1990s the bus station was deemed too small, both for the number of buses using it and the increasing length of vehicles. A new bus station was thus built which involved demolishing an adjacent cinema to extend the hardstanding. It is located on the junction of, and directly serves, Turnpike Lane , Wood Green High Road Wood Green and Green Lanes . London Buses routes 29 , 41 , 67 , 121 , 123 , 141 , 144 , 184 , 217 , 221 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 329 , 444 and W4 and night routes N29 and N91 serve

220-516: The London Borough of Haringey. Like all stations on the Cockfosters extension , Turnpike Lane set new aesthetic standards not previously seen on the Underground. During the planning period for the extension to Cockfosters, two alternate names for this station, North Harringay and Ducketts Green ( Ducketts Common is located opposite) were considered but rejected. The station was designed by

242-408: The architect Charles Holden and is a well-preserved example of the modernist house style of London Transport in the 1930s. It was listed at Grade II in 1994. The ticket hall is an enormous brick box, with two large ventilation towers, half-sunk into the surrounding ground. Its high walls contain segmented windows that allow natural light to shine far into the station. The effect in late afternoon light

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264-404: The bus station and the main operators that serve it are London General , Arriva London , Metroline and Sullivan Buses . In the 1920s buses operated from a garage on the adjacent Whymark Avenue until in 1932 Turnpike Lane station was built. It was originally conceived as an integrated bus, train and tram station, with the bus interchange located behind the main building. It was roofed over in

286-585: The creation of Great Britain in 1707, turnpike acts began to be passed by Parliament to encourage the construction of toll roads in Scotland in the same way they had been used successfully in England and Wales. The first turnpike act for a road scheme in Scotland was passed in 1713 for the construction of a road in Midlothian. Although in the south of England common carriers ' carts became frequent, they were not seen for

308-477: The first three gates, two were found to be easily avoided. The early turnpikes were administered directly by the justices of the peace in quarter sessions . The first trusts were established by Parliament through an act of Parliament in 1706, placing a section of the London- Coventry - Chester road in the hands of a group of trustees. The trustees could erect gates as they saw fit, demand statute labour or

330-413: The inclusion of "Bar" in place names and occasional road name: Turnpike Lane in northern London has given its name to an Underground station . Following the abolition of turnpikes a few private roads and toll bridges remained. Some bridges of the turnpike era were built by companies (rather than trusts) and have continued to charge tolls. Tolls on some bridges were abolished by county councils buying up

352-515: The new marketplace, removed from the churchyard of St Alkmund and St Juliana. In 1343 the citizens of Dublin were granted pavage for five years. Other medieval tolls granted in the same way were murage (to build town walls) and pontage (to build or repair a bridge). Turnpike Lane tube station Turnpike Lane is a London Underground station at Turnpike Lane in the London Borough of Haringey in north London, England. The station

374-484: The only new toll road is M6 Toll . Tolls for the Forth Road Bridge were removed in 2008 following a divisive three-year political debate during which it was proposed that variable congestion pricing tolls would be introduced. Pavage Pavage was a medieval toll for the maintenance or improvement of a road or street in medieval England , Wales and Ireland . The king by letters patent granted

396-466: The right to collect it to an individual, or the corporation of a town, or to the "bailiffs and good men" of a neighbouring village. Pavage grants can be divided into two classes: The first grant was in 1249 for the Yorkshire town of Beverley , where the pavage was associated with the cult of St John of Beverley, and was ultimately made permanent. Another early one was for Shrewsbury in 1266 for paving

418-613: The road as was hoped. The first turnpike road, whereby travellers paid tolls to be used for road upkeep, was authorised in 1663 for a section of the Great North Road in Hertfordshire , Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire . The term turnpike refers to the military practice of placing a pikestaff across a road to block and control passage. Upon payment of the toll, the pike would be "turned" to one side to allow travellers through. Most English gates were not built to this standard; of

440-524: The tolls and then declaring them county bridges. A recent example of this relates to the well-known Cob at Porthmadog , where tolls ceased in 2003, when it was nationalised by the Welsh Assembly. Tolls are similarly collected to finance the cost of building the Humber Bridge and Severn Bridge . In recent times, the concept of charging tolls to finance the building of roads has been revived, but so far

462-619: Was overseen by an unpaid local appointee, the Surveyor of Highways. It was not until 1654 that road rates were introduced. However, the improvements offered by paid labour were offset by the rise in the use of wheeled vehicles greatly increasing wear to the road surfaces. The government reaction to this was to use legislation to limit the use of wheeled vehicles and also to regulate their construction. A vain hope that wider rims would be less damaging briefly led to carts with sixteen inch wheels. They did not cause ruts but neither did they roll and flatten

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484-559: Was probably not easily enforced against them. The Parliament of England placed the upkeep of bridges to local settlements or the containing county under the Bridges Act 1530 and in 1555 the care of roads was similarly devolved to the parishes as statute labour under the Highways Act 1555 . Every adult inhabitant of the parish was obliged to work four consecutive days a year on the roads, providing their own tools, carts and horses. The work

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