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50-433: Riverside Heights boundaries are South Seminole Heights to the north, Hillsborough River to the west, Columbus Drive to the south, and Tampa Heights to the east. A new marker sign has been put up in the middle of the neighborhood. Source: Hillsborough County Atlas At the 2000 census there were 2,949 people and 1,299 households residing in the neighborhood. The population density was 4,229/mi. The racial makeup of

100-694: A British map in 1769. At the time, the Earl of Hillsborough was the British Secretary of State for the Colonies , and thus controlled the pensions of the surveyors working in the American colonies , which included East Florida . Geological data estimates that the Hillsborough River has been flowing for about 27,000 years. It is estimated humans first made their way to this area 12,000 - 15,000 years ago. In

150-584: A United States territory . (1824) Construction of Fort Brooke begins at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. (1828) The Fort King Military Road (now State Road 41 ) is built to connect Fort King in Ocala with Fort Brooke in what was then the settlement of Tampa. A bridge is built to cross the Hillsborough. (1830) Congress passes the Indian Removal Act . The American government begins efforts to remove

200-561: A paramount chief . Complex chiefdoms have two or even three tiers of political hierarchy . Nobles are clearly distinct from commoners and do not usually engage in any form of agricultural production. The higher members of society consume most of the goods that are passed up the hierarchy as a tribute. Reciprocal obligations are fulfilled by the nobles carrying out rituals that only they can perform. They may also make token, symbolic redistributions of food and other goods. In two- or three-tiered chiefdoms, higher-ranking chiefs have control over

250-673: A stateless , state analogue or early state system or institution. Usually a chief's position is based on kinship , which is often monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites can form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group. Chiefdoms and chiefs are sometimes identified as the same as kingdoms and kings , and therefore understood as monarchies , particularly when they are understood as not necessarily states, but having monarchic representation or government. In anthropological theory , one model of human social development rooted in ideas of cultural evolution describes

300-469: A Washington Ball. (1923) The city of Tampa builds a water treatment plant to utilize the water supply from the water above the dam. (1935) Hillsborough River State Park is opened. (1933) In a torrential 24-hour rain, floods wash away the Tampa Electric dam. TECO does not rebuild the dam and turns to other locations for electrical generating plants. (1944) The city of Tampa completes construction on

350-701: A central place for the Mississippian culture of North America. Pauketat's provocation, however, has been accused of not offering a sound alternative to the chiefdom type. For while he claims that chiefdoms are a delusion, he describes Cahokia as a civilization. This has been debated to uphold rather than challenge the evolutionary scheme he contests. Chiefdoms are characterized by the centralization of authority and pervasive inequality. At least two inherited social classes ( elite and commoner ) are present. (The ancient Hawaiian chiefdoms had as many as four social classes.) An individual might change social class during

400-450: A chiefdom as a form of social organization more complex than a tribe or a band society , and less complex than a state or a civilization . Within general theories of cultural evolution, chiefdoms are characterized by permanent and institutionalized forms of political leadership (the chief ), centralized decision-making, economic interdependence, and social hierarchy. Chiefdoms are described as intermediate between tribes and states in

450-530: A chiefdom in anthropology is by Robert L. Carneiro : "An autonomous political unit comprising a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief" (Carneiro 1981: 45). In archaeological theory , Service's definition of chiefdoms as “redistribution societies with a permanent central agency of coordination” (Service 1962: 134) has been most influential. Many archaeologists, however, dispute Service's reliance upon redistribution as central to chiefdom societies, and point to differences in

500-520: A complex social hierarchy consisting of kings, a warrior aristocracy, common freemen, serfs , and slaves . The Native American tribes sometimes had ruling kings or satraps (governors) in some areas and regions. The Cherokee, for example, had an imperial-family ruling system over a long period of history. The early Spanish explorers in the Americas reported on the Indian kings and kept extensive notes during what

550-468: A house and cultivate 5 acres (20,000 m ) for five years. (1843) The Jean Street Shipyard is founded on the Hillsborough River in what will be the neighborhood of Seminole Heights . (1846) The first ferry crossing on the Hillsborough River is established. This improves transportation and widens the growth of Tampa to both sides of the river. (1861) During the American Civil War , Tampa Bay

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600-438: A lifetime by extraordinary behavior. A single lineage/family of the elite class becomes the ruling elite of the chiefdom, with the greatest influence, power, and prestige. Kinship is typically an organizing principle, while marriage, age, and sex can affect one's social status and role. A single simple chiefdom is generally composed of a central community surrounded by or near a number of smaller subsidiary communities. All of

650-497: A number of lesser ranking individuals, each of whom controls specific territory or social units. Political control rests on the chief's ability to maintain access to a sufficiently large body of tribute, passed up the line by lesser chiefs. These lesser chiefs in turn collect from those below them, from communities close to their own center. At the apex of the status hierarchy sits the paramount . Anthropologists and archaeologists have demonstrated through research that chiefdoms are

700-533: A relatively unstable form of social organization. They are prone to cycles of collapse and renewal, in which tribal units band together, expand in power, fragment through some form of social stress, and band together again. An example of this kind of social organization were the Germanic Peoples who conquered the western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE . Although commonly referred to as tribes, anthropologists classified their society as chiefdoms. They had

750-676: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hillsborough River (Florida) The Hillsborough River is a river located in the state of Florida in the United States. It arises in the Green Swamp near the juncture of Hillsborough , Pasco and Polk counties, and flows 60 miles (97 km) through Pasco and Hillsborough Counties to an outlet in the city of Tampa on Hillsborough Bay . It includes 4 nature trails extending for over 7 miles (11 km), making it popular among hikers. The name Hillsborough River first appeared on

800-766: Is adopted, based upon SWFWMD's 5-year study that documented a need for freshwater over twice that provided by its original rule as challenged by Friends of the River. A minimum flow of 20 cu ft/s (0.57 m /s) is adopted, combining the original 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water with 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) added to the river from water stored in Tampa Bypass Canal. Minimum flow adjusted upwards to 24 cu ft/s (0.68 m /s) in spring months (April, May, June) when fish spawning activity occurs in restored estuary. Daily minimum flow begins December 31, 2007. The Hillsborough River

850-408: Is blockaded by federal troops to prevent goods from leaving Tampa or from coming into Tampa. (1863) Federal troops march upriver to a location near the present day site of Lowry Park Zoo . There they discover a blockade-running steamer and sloop loaded with cotton. The ships are burned. The skirmish that follows is the only Civil War action on the Hillsborough River. (1891) The Tampa Bay Hotel, now

900-458: Is closed. (1988) The annual Hillsborough River Cleanup begins. (1991) Canoe Escape is opened and the owners donate canoes and time to bring the Hillsborough River to the public's attention. (1992) The Hillsborough River Greenways Taskforce is established. (1995) The Hillsborough River is designated as Outstanding Florida Waters . (1995) The Hillsborough River is designated as a Florida Recreational Canoe Trail. (1995) The Hillsborough River

950-575: Is home to many species, and several large bird rookeries exist. When local students reach sixth grade in Hillsborough County , they take a visit to the river for one to three days to learn about the ecosystem, watershed, and native Florida animals at a place called 'Nature's Classroom'. The Hillsborough River dam (originally built in 1895 and since rebuilt) at Rowlett Park creates a lake covering 1,300 acres (5 km ) and containing 1.6 billion US gallons (6,100,000 m ) of water, providing for

1000-448: Is named a Florida Sesquicentennial Greenway. (1999) "Friends of the River" is created by local residents for the purpose of challenging the SWFWMD minimum flow of 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water alone for the river's only freshwater flow. (2000) On the day after a massive Earth Day celebration at Lowry Park, highlighted by a "Flow-tilla" of dozens of boats from

1050-611: Is now called the conquest. Some of the native tribes in the Americas had princes, nobles, and various classes and castes. The " Great Sun " was somewhat like the Great Khans of Asia and eastern Europe. Much like an emperor, the Great Sun of North America is the best example of chiefdoms and imperial kings in North American Indian history. The Aztecs of Mexico had a similar culture. The Indus Valley Civilisation (3300 BCE - 1700 BCE)

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1100-462: Is permitted to withdraw water from the River during "high flow" times and under specific conditions. The Southwest Florida Water Management District, the agency required by Florida law to protect and manage the waters in the state, authorizes the permits. Chiefdom List of forms of government A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief . Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as

1150-547: The Apa Tanis as their ethnographic parallel (Berezkin 1995). Frantsouzoff (2000) finds a more developed example of such type of polities in ancient South Arabia in the Wadi Hadhramawt of the 1st millennium BCE . In Southeast Asian history up to the early 19th century, the metaphysical view of the cosmos called the mandala (i.e., circle) is used to describe a Southeast Asian political model , which in turn describes

1200-553: The Henry B. Plant Museum , opens with a grand ball. (1897) At a cost of $ 150,000 an electrical dam is built on the river by Consumers Electric Light and Street Railway Company. The dam was located halfway between present-day 40th Street and 56th Street on the Hillsborough River (today's Temple Crest neighborhood.) (1898) On December 13, 1898 the dam is dynamited by cattle barons angry at the loss of grazing land. They tried three times. The first on January 8, 1897, shortly after construction

1250-654: The Seminole from Tampa Bay and relocate them to a reservation west of the Mississippi. Tensions between Seminole and Americans continue. (1835) Seminoles burn the bridge at the Fort King Road's river crossing. Conflict continues. (1836) Fort Foster is established at the Hillsborough River crossing to protect this strategically advantageous position. (1842) The Armed Occupation Act promises one hundred 60 acres (240,000 m ) of land to any man who can bear arms, build

1300-508: The Tampa Bypass Canal the aquifer is accidentally breached. (1979) The Hillsborough River is closed to swimming at Hillsborough River State Park and a swimming pool is built for public use. (1982) Lettuce Lake Park opens on the river just north of Temple Terrace (1986) The Hillsborough River Interlocal Planning Board & Technical Advisory Council is established. (1986) Sulphur Springs pool ( Sulphur Springs, Tampa, Florida )

1350-627: The Yuan , Ming , and Qing-era Chinese governments, principally in Yunnan . The arrangement is generally known as the Native Chieftain System ( Chinese : 土司 制度 ; pinyin : Tǔsī Zhìdù ). In prehistoric South-West Asia, alternatives to chiefdoms were the non-hierarchical systems of complex acephalous communities , with a pronounced autonomy of single-family households. These communities have been analyzed recently by Berezkin, who suggests

1400-544: The Cross of Saint Teresa". There is a plaque commemorating his exploration at Riverhills Park in Temple Terrace. (1772) A map drawn and sent to the Earl of Hillsborough , English Governor of West Florida, shows the river named as the Hillsborough. During the mid and late 18th century, Native Americans from the north, mostly Creek , begin to migrate to Florida. These immigrants become known as Seminoles . (1821) Florida becomes

1450-454: The Hillsborough River in present-day Temple Terrace, Temple Crest , Terrace Park, Busch Gardens and the University of South Florida area. She calls her property "Riverhills Ranch", an exclusive hunting preserve where she builds a lodge and guest houses among other structures. She dies in 1918. (1922) The Temple Terrace Golf and County Club, located on the river in Temple Terrace opens with

1500-583: The Hillsborough for the previous ten to 15,000 years. When Europeans first reached Florida, the area around Tampa Bay and all of the watershed of the Hillsborough River was occupied by people of the Safety Harbor culture . Two chiefdoms of the Safety Harbor culture, Mocoso and Pohoy , were adjacent to where the Hillsborough River entered Tampa Bay. Hernando de Soto landed on the south side of Tampa Bay in 1539 and passed through Mocoso on his way north. By

1550-518: The Rowlett Park dam to Lowry Park, Friends of the River settles its legal challenge with agreement with SWFWMD, City of Tampa and Robert Thomas of Zephyrhills Water to study the river for 5 years to scientifically determine exactly how much freshwater is needed to restore and maintain the river's estuarine function. Friends of the River had maintained that the establishment of the minimum flow of 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m /s) of Sulphur Springs water

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1600-454: The basis of finance ( staple finance v. wealth finance ). Service argued that chief rose to assume a managerial status to redistribute agricultural surplus to ecologically specialized communities within this territory (staple finance). Yet in re-studying the Hawaiian chiefdoms used as his case study, Timothy Earle observed that communities were rather self-sufficient. What the chief redistributed

1650-406: The communities recognize the authority of a single kin group or individual with hereditary centralized power, dwelling in the primary community. Each community will have its own leaders, which are usually in a tributary and/or subservient relationship to the ruling elite of the primary community. A complex chiefdom is a group of simple chiefdoms controlled by a single paramount center and ruled by

1700-575: The current dam, to be used for the purpose of containing drinking water for the city, at the site of the old TECO dam. The old Tampa Waterworks Company is abandoned. (1961) The Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) is created. (1960s-70s) The 14-mile (23 km) long Tampa Bypass Canal is constructed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). It includes a constructed canal and several concrete flood-control structures. During construction of

1750-461: The diffuse patterns of political power distributed among Mueang (principalities) where circles of influence were more important than central power. The concept counteracts modern tendencies to look for unified political power like that of the large European kingdoms and nation states, which one scholar posited were an inadvertent byproduct of 15th-century advances in map-making technologies . Nikolay Kradin has demonstrated that an alternative to

1800-550: The early 18th century the people of the Safety Harbor culture, through disease and slavery, are nearly exterminated. (1757) A survey of the Hillsborough River is done by Don Francisco Maria Celi , pilot of the Spanish Royal Fleet. He ventures up to the Temple Terrace area in search of longleaf pine to use as masts for his ships. He names the pine forest of the area "El Pinal de la Cruz de Santa Teresa" or "The Pines of

1850-454: The evolutionary underpinnings of the chiefdom model are weighed down by racist and outdated theoretical baggage that can be traced back to Lewis Morgan 's 19th-century cultural evolution. From this perspective, pre-state societies are treated as underdeveloped, the savage and barbaric phases that preceded civilization. Pauketat argues that the chiefdom type is a limiting category that should be abandoned, and takes as his main case study Cahokia ,

1900-535: The king or chief Togbui Ga , the Fon people Dah , the Kotafon people Ga , and Ashanti people Asantehene . Traditional authority is a distinguishing feature in the landscape of contemporary Africa. It remains important in organising the life of people at the local level despite modern state structures. Tusi ( Chinese : 土司 ), also known as Headmen or Chieftains, were tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by

1950-400: The late 18th century the watershed of the Hillsborough River was a land covered by a rich, old-growth forest . Bald cypress , longleaf pine , and sand live oak were hundreds of years old (and in the case of cypress, thousands of years old). In the mid to late 19th century to about 1913 the watershed of this old growth forest began to be logged. As a result of this lumbering activity, most of

2000-468: The neighborhood was 79.0% White, 14.0% African American, less than 1% Native American, 1% Asian, 4.0% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 31%. Of the 1,299 households 23% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36% were married couples living together, 17% had a female householder with no husband present, and 9% non-families. 32% of households were made up of individuals. The age distribution

2050-636: The people voted to purchase the Waterworks plant. (1900) The Sulphur Springs ( Sulphur Springs, Tampa, Florida ) property is developed and open to the public. (1910) Hillsborough Bay is channelized to the mouth of the Hillsborough River with the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 . Up to 1913 the Hillsborough River watershed is heavily logged for its valuable cypress, longleaf pine and oak. (1911–1914) Bertha Potter Palmer ( Bertha Palmer ) (of Chicago and Sarasota) completes purchases of 19,000 acres (77 km ) bordering

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2100-537: The progressive scheme of sociopolitical development formulated by Elman Service : band - tribe - chiefdom - state . A chief's status is based on kinship , so it is inherited or ascribed , in contrast to the achieved status of Big Man leaders of tribes. Another feature of chiefdoms is therefore pervasive social inequality. They are ranked societies, according to the scheme of progressive sociopolitical development formulated by Morton Fried : egalitarian - ranked - stratified - state . The most succinct definition of

2150-573: The state of a king ( raja ). Also see Suhas Chatterjee, Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom (1995). Most African traditional societies involved chiefdoms in their political and social structure before European colonisation . For an example see the political organisation of the Mandinka people in West Africa. Each clan, tribe, kingdom, and empire had its traditional leader, king, or queen. Ewe people call

2200-584: The supply of water for the City of Tampa. The Hillsborough River was immortalized in 1973 by author Gloria Jahoda in her book River of the Golden Ibis . With the construction of the dam in 1945, the portion of the River above the dam to approximately Fletcher Avenue is where the City of Tampa is permitted to withdraw water to supply to its citizens and those in Hillsborough County. In addition, Tampa Bay Water

2250-406: The trees within the Hillsborough River basin are now less than 100 years in age. The harvesting of the old growth trees altered the ecosystems they dominated. Trees such as water ash and water locust were able to quickly grow in the sun-lit spaces created when bigger trees were removed. The riverine swamp forest as it exists today has a much different ecology than the ecosystem that had existed along

2300-450: Was 20% under the age of 18, 20% from 18 to 34, 24% from 35 to 49, 17% from 50 to 64, and 18% 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. The per capita income for the neighborhood was $ 19,702. About 10% of the population were below the poverty line . Of those, 27% are under age 18. This Tampa -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Hillsborough County, Florida location article

2350-492: Was a hegemony of chiefdoms with supreme chiefs in each and a system of subsidiary chiefs. The ranks of the chiefs included ordinary chiefs, elders, priests or cattle-owners and head chiefs. The Arthashastra , a work on politics written some time between the 4th century BC and 2nd century AD by Indian author Chanakya , similarly describes the Rajamandala (or "Raja-mandala,") as circles of friendly and enemy states surrounding

2400-567: Was a politically expedient solution with no basis in scientific data. Findings of the 5-year study to be used by SWFWMD as sole basis for modification of minimum flow. (2002) Tampa Bay Water places a pipeline to the Morris Bridge Sink ( http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/projects/1001008567/ ) (2006) "The Hillsborough River Task Force", Temple Terrace, is created. (2007) Alan Wright, "Mr River", dies of cancer, December 21. (2007) "The Lower Hillsborough River Minimum Flow Recovery Strategy"

2450-484: Was completed. When the water is low, remnants of the dynamited dam can be seen. (1898–99) TECO buys the Consumers Electric Light and Street Railway Company and builds a new electric generating dam downstream of the current site north of Sulphur Springs. (1899) Tampa's first water plant is built by the private Tampa Waterworks Company. It pumped well water to supply the City of Tampa until March 6, 1923, when

2500-459: Was not staple goods, but prestige goods to his followers that helped him to maintain his authority (wealth finance). Some scholars contest the utility of the chiefdom model for archaeological inquiry. The most forceful critique comes from Timothy Pauketat , whose Chiefdom and Other Archaeological Delusions outlines how chiefdoms fail to account for the high variability of the archaeological evidence for middle-range societies. Pauketat argues that

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