80-480: The Rising Sun Inn is a historic home in Anne Arundel County, Maryland , United States. It is a mid- and late-18th-century 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story frame house. The earlier section dates to about 1753 and is covered with a gable roof and features a brick gable end. In the late 18th century, a frame, one-room gambrel roof wing was added to the northwest gable end of the house. Since 1916, it has been used as
160-603: A "Committee of Safety" was appointed, of which Fleetwood and Lambert were members. Lambert was appointed major-general of all the forces in England and Scotland, Fleetwood being general. Lambert was now sent, by the Committee of Safety, with a large force to meet George Monck , who was in command of the English forces in Scotland, and either negotiate with him or force him to come to terms. It
240-481: A Baptist merchant after whom the Assembly got its derogatory nickname. Many were well educated. The assembly reflected the range of views of the officers who nominated it. The Radicals (approximately 40) included a hard core of Fifth Monarchists who wanted to be rid of Common Law and any state control of religion. The Moderates (approximately 60) wanted some improvements within the existing system and might move to either
320-495: A fact that they themselves noticed and many urged Cromwell to call another Parliament to give his rule legitimacy. Unlike the prior Parliament, which had been open to all eligible males in the Commonwealth, the new elections specifically excluded Catholics and Royalists from running or voting; as a result, it was stocked with members who were more in line with Cromwell's own politics. The first major bill to be brought up for debate
400-461: A military dictatorship. Instead, he ruled through a "nominated assembly" which he believed would be easy for the Army to control since Army officers did the nominating. Barebone's Parliament was opposed by former Rumpers and ridiculed by many gentries as being an assembly of inferior people. Over 110 of its 140 members were lesser gentry or of higher social status; an exception was Praise-God Barebone ,
480-666: A republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I . The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth ", adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649. Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State . During the period, fighting continued, particularly in Ireland and Scotland, between
560-676: A secret message sent by Monck, Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda , which made known the conditions of his acceptance of the crown of England. Monck organised the Convention Parliament , which met for the first time on 25 April. On 8 May it proclaimed that King Charles II had been the lawful monarch since the execution of Charles I in January 1649. Charles returned from exile on 23 May. He entered London on 29 May, his birthday. To celebrate "his Majesty's Return to his Parliament" 29 May
640-499: A three-year fixed-term (which the Lord Protector was required to abide by) and to reserve for the Parliament the sole right of taxation. The second, as a concession to Cromwell, was to make the Lord Protector a hereditary position and to convert the title to a formal constitutional Kingship. Cromwell refused the title of King, but accepted the rest of the legislation, which was passed in final form on 25 May 1657. A second session of
720-683: Is better remembered for the military success of Thomas Fairfax , Oliver Cromwell , and the New Model Army . Besides resounding victories in the English Civil War , the reformed Navy under the command of Robert Blake defeated the Dutch in the First Anglo-Dutch War which marked the first step towards England's naval supremacy . In Ireland, the Commonwealth period is remembered for Cromwell's conquest of Ireland , which continued and completed
800-560: Is covered by water. Anne Arundel County is located to the south of Baltimore . Most of the county's borders are defined by water. To the east lies the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay , and numerous tidal tributaries of the bay indent the shoreline, the various rivers, creeks, streams, inlets forming prominent peninsulas , also known as "necks" (as further south in Virginia). The largest of these tributaries include (from north to south),
880-642: Is located at the end of the Broadneck peninsula near the west end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge . It features a beach and marina and hosts many festivals and special events throughout the year. Helen Avalynne Tawes Garden is located at the Department of Natural Resources headquarters in Annapolis. The 5 acre garden features representations of the state's various geographic areas. The county also contains some of
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#1732869760924960-547: Is located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2020 United States census , its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis , which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell ( c. 1615 /1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall , England , and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of
1040-477: The 118th Congress , Anne Arundel County is represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by John Sarbanes (D) of the 3rd district , and Steny Hoyer (D) of the 5th district . As of the 2010 United States Census , 537,656 people, 199,378 households, and 139,262 families were residing in the county. The population density was 1,295.9/sq mi (500.3/km ). The 212,562 housing units had an average density of 512.3/sq mi (197.8/km ). The racial makeup of
1120-445: The 2016 presidential election , Anne Arundel County voted for Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump by 6,016 votes. It was the first time that the county had supported a Democrat for president since 1964 . Four years later, Joe Biden won the county by nearly 15%, the largest margin of victory for a Democrat in the county since the landslide election of Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election . The County Executive oversees
1200-692: The Church of England was retained, episcopacy was suppressed and the Act of Uniformity 1558 was repealed in September 1650. Mainly on the insistence of the Army, many independent churches were tolerated, although everyone still had to pay tithes to the established church. Some small improvements were made to law and court procedure; for example, all court proceedings were now conducted in English rather than in Law French or Latin . However, there were no widespread reforms of
1280-522: The Continental Army by providing troops for three regiments. The 3rd Maryland Regiment , the 4th Maryland Regiment , and the 6th Maryland Regiment were recruited in the county. During the War of 1812 , one of the original six heavy frigates of the recently re-established United States Navy , U.S.S. Constitution , sailed from Annapolis prior to its victorious engagement with the H.M.S. Guerriere of
1360-642: The Department of Transportation . The Rural Maryland Council , an independent agency, is also headquartered in an unincorporated area in the county. The Maryland House of Correction , operated by the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services , was located in Anne Arundel County. The prison was closed in 2007. The Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services operates several additional correctional facilities in
1440-521: The Magothy River , Severn River , South River , and the West River . Further south, the upper Patuxent River forms the border of Anne Arundel with Prince George's County to the west. Deep Run forms part of the northwestern border with Howard County , and Lyons Creek forms part of the southern border with Calvert County . The Patapsco River to the north is the border with Baltimore County , but
1520-578: The Piedmont province . Elevations in Anne Arundel County range from sea level at the Chesapeake and tidal tributaries to about 300 feet (91 m) in western areas near the fall line. The terrain is mostly flat or gently rolling, but more dramatic banks and bluffs can be found where waterways cut through areas of higher elevation. With the exception of the very limited extent of Piedmont underlain by Precambrian to early Paleozoic metamorphic rock , all of
1600-451: The common law . This would have upset the gentry, who regarded the common law as reinforcing their status and property rights. The Rump passed many restrictive laws to regulate people's moral behaviour, such as closing down theatres and requiring strict observance of Sunday . Laws were also passed banning the celebration of Easter and Christmas. This antagonised most of the gentry. Cromwell, aided by Thomas Harrison , forcibly dismissed
1680-405: The 178,670 households, 34.9% had children under 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were not families. About 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.65, and the average family size was 3.09. In the county,
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#17328697609241760-402: The 199,378 households, 34.6% had children under 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.2% were not families, and 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.63, and the average family size was 3.11. The median age was 38.4 years. The median income for a household in
1840-457: The Army and divisions quickly developed in the Parliament. One faction called for a recall of the Rump Parliament and a return to the constitution of the Commonwealth, while another preferred the existing constitution. As the parties grew increasingly quarrelsome, Richard dissolved it. He was quickly removed from power, and the remaining Army leadership recalled the Rump Parliament, setting
1920-580: The British Royal Navy . On May 22, 1830, the inaugural horse-drawn train of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad travelled the 13 miles (21 km) of the newly completed track from Mount Clare Station in southwestern Baltimore to Ellicott Mills , (now Ellicott City), then in the Western or Howard District (now Howard County ) of Anne Arundel County. This was the first regular railroad passenger service in
2000-645: The Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church, became the established church of the Province of Maryland through an Act of the General Assembly. Ten counties had been established in the colony, and those counties were divided into 30 parishes, with vestrymen appointed within each. Ann Arrundell County was divided into four parishes: Herring Creek, South River, Middle Neck, and Broad Neck. Between 1694 and 1695,
2080-532: The Commonwealth, the Rump faced economic depression and the risk of invasion from Scotland and Ireland. By 1653 Cromwell and the Army had largely eliminated these threats. There were many disagreements amongst factions of the Rump. Some wanted a republic, but others favoured retaining some type of monarchical government. Most of England's traditional ruling classes regarded the Rump as an illegal government made up of regicides and upstarts. However, they were also aware that
2160-623: The King to trial had been removed. Thus the Rump never had more than two hundred members (less than half the number of the Commons in the original Long Parliament). They included: supporters of religious independents who did not want an established church and some of whom had sympathies with the Levellers ; Presbyterians who were willing to countenance the trial and execution of the King; and later admissions, such as formerly excluded MPs who were prepared to denounce
2240-472: The Newport Treaty negotiations with the King. Most Rumpers were gentry , though there was a higher proportion of lesser gentry and lawyers than in previous parliaments. Less than one-quarter of them were regicides . This left the Rump as basically a conservative body whose vested interests in the existing land ownership and legal systems made it unlikely to want to reform them. For the first two years of
2320-513: The Parliament met in 1658; it allowed previously excluded MPs (who had been not allowed to take their seats because of Catholic and/or Royalist leanings) to take their seats, however, this made the Parliament far less compliant to the wishes of Cromwell and the Major-Generals; it accomplished little in the way of a legislative agenda and was dissolved after a few months. On the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, his son, Richard Cromwell , inherited
2400-652: The Patuxent River and the Patapsco River (mainstem and South Branch) upstream to their headwaters on Parr's Ridge . The northwestern section of this long tract later became Howard County, with the border between the two running very close to the Atlantic Seaboard fall line . As a result, Anne Arundel County lies almost entirely within the Atlantic Coastal Plain , while Howard County is almost entirely within
2480-585: The Protectorate . After Cromwell's death, and following a brief period of rule under his son, Richard Cromwell , the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved in 1659 and the Rump Parliament recalled, starting a process that led to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The term Commonwealth is sometimes used for the whole of 1649 to 1660 – called by some the Interregnum – although for other historians,
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2560-493: The Rump might be all that stood in the way of an outright military dictatorship . High taxes, mainly to pay the Army, were resented by the gentry. Limited reforms were enough to antagonise the ruling class but not enough to satisfy the radicals. Despite its unpopularity, the Rump was a link with the old constitution and helped to settle England down and make it secure after the biggest upheaval in its history. By 1653, France and Spain had recognised England's new government. Though
2640-448: The Rump on 20 April 1653, for reasons that are unclear. Theories are that he feared the Rump was trying to perpetuate itself as the government, or that the Rump was preparing for an election which could return an anti-Commonwealth majority. Many former members of the Rump continued to regard themselves as England's only legitimate constitutional authority. The Rump had not agreed to its own dissolution; their legal, constitutional view that it
2720-711: The State of Maryland: Westfield Annapolis Mall and Arundel Mills in Hanover in addition to Marley Station Mall in Glen Burnie. Adjacent to Arundel Mills is the Maryland Live! casino. 39°00′N 76°36′W / 39.0°N 76.6°W / 39.0; -76.6 Commonwealth of England The Commonwealth of England was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales , later along with Ireland and Scotland , were governed as
2800-698: The United States. In 1831, land west of the railroad was considered the Howard District of Anne Arundel County. In 1851, The Howard District was broken off to form Howard County , now the 21st county in Maryland (of 23). The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 588 sq mi (1,520 km ), of which 173 sq mi (450 km ) (29%)
2880-400: The age distribution was 25.2% under 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males. According to the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development , the following were the principal employers in
2960-650: The colony Province of Maryland . The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area . The county was named for Lady Anne Arundell, (1615/1616–1649), the daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour , members of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, England. She married Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore , (1605–1675), and
3040-456: The communities and areas of Brooklyn and Curtis Bay neighborhoods (and adjacent Fairfield, Wagner's Point [also known as East Brooklyn], Arundel Cove [off of Curtis Creek], and Hawkins Point), lying south of the Patapsco River were annexed from Anne Arundel County to Baltimore in the third major annexation of January 1919. Anne Arundel County originally included all of the land between
3120-497: The county in November 2014 (excluding U.S. post offices and state and local governments, but including public institutions of higher education). In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $ 61,768, and the median income for a family was $ 69,019 (these figures had risen to $ 79,294 and $ 91,071 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $ 43,747 versus $ 32,348 for females. The per capita income for
3200-477: The county is underlain by thick deposits of gravel, sand, silt, and clay dating from the early Cretaceous to Holocene times. Most of these sediments are unconsolidated but include local formations of sandstone, especially in the Pasadena area. Anne Arundel County has a humid subtropical climate , with hot summers and cool winters. Annual precipitation averages around 40 in (100 cm) per year throughout
3280-494: The county was $ 27,578. About 3.60% of families and 5.10% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.30% of those under age 18 and 5.80% of those age 65 or over. Several state agencies are headquartered in unincorporated areas in Anne Arundel County. Executive departments include the Department of Agriculture , the Aviation Administration , the Department of Housing and Community Development , and
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3360-425: The county was $ 83,456 and for a family was $ 97,557. Males had a median income of $ 63,187 versus $ 48,750 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 38,660. About 3.3% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2000, 489,656 people, 178,670 households, and 129,178 families were residing in
3440-403: The county was 75.4% White, 15.5% Black or African American, 3.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.4% from some other race, and 2.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 6.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.3% were German , 18.6% were Irish , 12.3% were English , 7.4% were Italian , 5.0% were Polish , and 4.4% were American . Of
3520-796: The county was known as "Providence" by many of its early settlers. On March 25, 1655, after the English Civil War , (1642–1651), in Europe, the Battle of the Severn , the first naval colonial battle ever fought in North America, was fought in Anne Arundel County on the Severn River between Puritan forces supporting the Commonwealth of England and forces loyal to Lord Proprietor Cecilius Calvert. The Commonwealth forces under William Fuller were victorious. In 1692,
3600-423: The county, with a fairly even distribution throughout the year. Annual snowfall totals around 20.1 in (51 cm) on average at BWI Airport, which has an elevation of 156 ft (47.5 m) above sea level. Slightly colder winter temperatures and higher snowfall are experienced at the higher elevations, with slightly lower snowfall closer to sea level. According to the most recent USDA Hardiness zone maps,
3680-713: The county. It is the home of the National Security Agency . The Naval Academy is located in Annapolis. There are two full-service hospitals in Anne Arundel County: Anne Arundel Medical Center in Annapolis and Baltimore Washington Medical Center (formerly North Arundel Hospital) in Glen Burnie, part of the University of Maryland Medical System . Anne Arundel County is the home of Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport , commonly referred to as BWI. BWI serves as
3760-545: The county. The population density was 1,177 people/sq mi. There were 186,937 housing units with an average density of 449 per square mile (173/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 81.24% White, 13.57% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 2.29% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. About 2.63% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; 17.7% were of German , 13.1% Irish , 10.5% English , 8.1% United States or American, and 7.0% Italian ancestry. Of
3840-488: The easternmost portions of Patapsco Valley State Park , consisting of mostly undeveloped areas of forest and wetlands along the lower Patapsco River. The Department of Recreation and Parks maintains "a comprehensive system of recreational programs for county residents and the preservation of valuable land," including indoor and outdoor sports facilities, community parks, green ways, archaeological, environmental, and historical preserves, and large regional facilities. Some of
3920-513: The execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. It declared the people of England "and of all the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging" to be henceforth under the governance of a "Commonwealth", effectively a republic. In Pride's Purge , all members of parliament (including most of the political Presbyterians ) who would not accept the need to bring
4000-482: The executive branch of the county government, which consists of a number of offices and departments. The executive branch is charged with implementing County law and overseeing the operation of the county government. The County Council, as the legislative branch, adopts ordinances and resolutions, and has all of the county's legislative powers. The most recent county election occurred November 8, 2022. Several major law enforcement agencies serve Anne Arundel County: In
4080-451: The executive function formerly held by the King and his Privy Council, was forcibly dissolved by Cromwell on 20 April, and in its place a new council, filled with Cromwell's own chosen men, was installed. Three days after Barebone's Parliament dissolved itself, the Instrument of Government was adopted by Cromwell's council and a new state structure, now known historically as The Protectorate,
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#17328697609244160-486: The first lord proprietor of the colony, Province of Maryland , in an arranged marriage contract in 1627 or 1628. Modern spelling adds an 'e' to her first name of "Ann" and removes the second 'L' from the family name of "Arundell", but the old traditional spelling of her name is still used in the title of the local historical society, the Ann Arundell County Historical Society . Anne Arundel County
4240-552: The first several months of 1654 preparing for the First Protectorate Parliament by drawing up a set of 84 bills for consideration. The Parliament was freely elected (as free as such elections could be in the 17th century) and as such, the Parliament was filled with a wide range of political interests, and as such did not accomplish any of its goals. Having passed none of Cromwell's proposed bills, he dissolved it as soon as law would allow. Having decided that Parliament
4320-656: The headquarters of the Ann Arundel Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution . The Rising Sun Inn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. This article about a Registered Historic Place in Anne Arundel County , Maryland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Anne Arundel County, Maryland Anne Arundel County ( listen ; / ə ˈ r ʌ n d əl / ), also notated as AA or A.A. County ,
4400-438: The lowland areas of the county fall into Zone 8a, with an expected annual minimum temperatures of 10 to 15 °F (−12 to −9 °C), while higher elevation and inland areas fall into Zone 7b, with expected annual minima of 5 to 10 °F (−15 to −12 °C). Anne Arundel County has had a charter government since 1965. The government consists of a county executive and a seven-member county council. These members are elected in
4480-554: The main airport for the metropolitan Baltimore region. It is also an increasingly popular alternative airport to residents of the Washington, D.C. , area. BWI is an East Coast hub for Southwest Airlines , meaning that nonstop flights are available between BWI and much of the country. The southern portion of the Maryland Transit Administration 's Light Rail system, connecting downtown Baltimore with BWI, runs through
4560-669: The major facilities include the Baltimore & Annapolis Trail , Downs Park , Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary , Fort Smallwood Park , Kinder Farm Park , and Quiet Waters Park . Other attractions include the Maryland Renaissance Festival in Crownsville , the Maryland State House and the Colonial Annapolis Historic District . Anne Arundel County is home to the two largest shopping malls in
4640-541: The military governor of Scotland, General George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle . The ordinance declared that "the people of Scotland should be united with the people of England into one Commonwealth and under one Government" and decreed that a new " Arms of the Commonwealth ", incorporating the Saltire , should be placed on "all the public seals, seals of office, and seals of bodies civil or corporate, in Scotland" as "a badge of this Union". Cromwell and his Council of State spent
4720-407: The monarchy he overthrew was restored in 1660, and its first act was officially to erase all traces of any constitutional reforms of the Republican period. Still, the memory of the Parliamentarian cause, dubbed the Good Old Cause by the soldiers of the New Model Army, lingered on. It would carry through English politics and eventually result in a constitutional monarchy . The Commonwealth period
4800-399: The monarchy, Privy Council and the House of Lords , it had unchecked executive and legislative power. The English Council of State , which replaced the Privy Council, took over many of the executive functions of the monarchy. It was selected by the Rump, and most of its members were MPs. However, the Rump depended on the support of the Army with which it had a very uneasy relationship. After
4880-562: The northern part of Anne Arundel County. The county also has multiple stops on the MARC commuter rail service, including a stop at BWI Rail Station , located near BWI Airport. Amtrak trains also stop at BWI's train station. The Laurel-based Connect-a-ride system operates two routes in the western portion of the county, including Severn, Arundel Mills, Maryland City, Glen Burnie, Hanover, and Odenton. Howard County's Howard Transit Silver route serves Arundel Mills shopping mall and BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport. Sandy Point State Park
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#17328697609244960-406: The parliamentary forces and those opposed to them, in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish war of 1650–1652 . In 1653, after dissolution of the Rump Parliament, the Army Council adopted the Instrument of Government , by which Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of a united "Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland", inaugurating the period now usually known as
5040-403: The policies of the Tudor and Stuart periods. The Rump was created by Pride's Purge of those members of the Long Parliament who did not support the political position of the Grandees in the New Model Army . Just before and after the execution of King Charles I on 30 January 1649, the Rump passed a number of acts of Parliament creating the legal basis for the republic. With the abolition of
5120-472: The provincial capital of Maryland was moved from St. Mary's City along the northern shore of the Potomac River across from the southern colonial border with the Province of Virginia in St. Mary's County farther north along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay , midway in the colony to Annapolis in Anne Arundel County. Prior to the move, Annapolis was known as "Providence". During the American Revolutionary War , citizens of Anne Arundel County supported
5200-671: The radical or conservative side depending on the issue. The Conservatives (approximately 40) wanted to keep the status quo , since common law protected the interests of the gentry, and tithes and advowsons were valuable property. Cromwell saw Barebone's Parliament as a temporary legislative body which he hoped would produce reforms and develop a constitution for the Commonwealth. However, members were divided over key issues, only 25 had previous parliamentary experience, and although many had some legal training, there were no qualified lawyers. Cromwell seems to have expected this group of amateurs to produce reform without management or direction. When
5280-441: The radicals mustered enough support to defeat a bill which would have preserved the status quo in religion, the conservatives, together with many moderates, surrendered their authority back to Cromwell, who sent soldiers to clear the rest of the Assembly. Barebone's Parliament was over. Throughout 1653, Cromwell and the Army slowly dismantled the machinery of the Commonwealth state. The English Council of State , which had assumed
5360-421: The same years Maryland conducts its gubernatorial and legislative elections, and may serve a maximum of two consecutive terms. The Democrats have the most registered voters in the county, but the large number of Republican -leaning independents means Republicans win more county-wide elections than in other mostly suburban counties in Maryland, but Democrats are the dominant party in Annapolis city elections. In
5440-412: The stage for the return of the Monarchy a year later. After the Grandees in the New Model Army removed Richard, they reinstalled the Rump Parliament in May 1659. Charles Fleetwood was appointed a member of the Committee of Safety and of the Council of State, and one of the seven commissioners for the army. On 9 June he was nominated lord-general (commander-in-chief) of the army. However, his power
5520-461: The title, Lord Protector. Richard had never served in the Army, which meant he lost control over the Major-Generals that had been the source of his own father's power. The Third Protectorate Parliament was summoned in late 1658 and was seated on 27 January 1659. Its first act was to confirm Richard's role as Lord Protector, which it did by a sizeable, but not overwhelming, majority. Quickly, however, it became apparent that Richard had no control over
5600-406: The unincorporated town of Jessup in Anne Arundel County, including: The District of Columbia Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services (DYRS) operates the New Beginnings Youth Development Center, a secure youth prison, in the county. Oak Hill Youth Center, the previous DYRS secure facility, was also in the county. Fort George G. Meade is a large U.S. Army post located in the northwest of
5680-424: The use of the term is limited to the years prior to Cromwell's formal assumption of power in 1653. In retrospect, the period of republican rule for England was a failure in the short term. During the 11-year period, no stable government was established to rule the English state for longer than a few months at a time. Several administrative structures were tried, and several Parliaments called and seated, but little in
5760-457: The way of meaningful, lasting legislation was passed. The only force keeping it together was the personality of Oliver Cromwell , who exerted control through the military by way of the "Grandees", being the Major-Generals and other senior military leaders of the New Model Army . Not only did Cromwell's regime crumble into near anarchy upon his death and the brief administration of his son, but
5840-529: Was given its shape. This new constitution granted Cromwell sweeping powers as Lord Protector , an office which ironically had much the same role and powers as the King had under the monarchy, a fact not lost on Cromwell's critics. On 12 April 1654, under the terms of the Tender of Union , the Ordinance for uniting Scotland into one Commonwealth with England was issued by the Lord Protector and proclaimed in Scotland by
5920-576: Was into this atmosphere that General George Monck marched south with his army from Scotland . Lambert's army began to desert him, and he returned to London almost alone. On 21 February 1660, Monck reinstated the Presbyterian members of the Long Parliament "secluded" by Pride, so that they could prepare legislation for a new parliament. Fleetwood was deprived of his command and ordered to appear before parliament to answer for his conduct. On 3 March Lambert
6000-451: Was not an efficient means of getting his policies enacted, Cromwell instituted a system of direct military rule of England during a period known as the Rule of the Major-Generals ; all of England was divided into ten regions, each was governed directly by one of Cromwell's Major-Generals, who were given sweeping powers to collect taxes and enforce the peace. The Major-Generals were highly unpopular,
6080-568: Was originally part of St. Mary's County , the province's first erected county in the southern portion of the Province of Maryland , which had first been established by arriving settlers in 1634. In 1650, the year after Lady Ann Arundell's death, the county separated from St. Mary's and "erected" into its own jurisdiction and became the third of the 23 Maryland counties . It was composed of the hundreds of Town Neck, Middle Neck, Broad Neck, South River, West River, and Herring Creek. Between 1654 and 1658,
6160-521: Was sent to the Tower, from which he escaped a month later. Lambert tried to rekindle the civil war in favour of the Commonwealth by issuing a proclamation calling on all supporters of the " Good Old Cause " to rally on the battlefield of Edgehill. However, he was recaptured by Colonel Richard Ingoldsby , a regicide who hoped to win a pardon by handing Lambert over to the new regime. The Long Parliament dissolved itself on 16 March. On 4 April 1660, in response to
6240-651: Was the Militia Bill, which was ultimately voted down by the House. As a result, the authority of the Major-Generals to collect taxes to support their own regimes ended, and the Rule of the Major Generals came to an end. The second piece of major legislation was the passage of the Humble Petition and Advice , a sweeping constitutional reform which had two purposes. The first was to reserve for Parliament certain rights, such as
6320-460: Was undermined in parliament, which chose to disregard the army's authority in a similar fashion to the pre–Civil War parliament. On 12 October 1659 the Commons cashiered General John Lambert and other officers, and installed Fleetwood as chief of a military council under the authority of the Speaker . The next day Lambert ordered that the doors of the House be shut and the members kept out. On 26 October
6400-502: Was unlawful was based on Charles' concessionary Act prohibiting the dissolution of Parliament without its own consent (on 11 May 1641, leading to the entire Commonwealth being the latter years of the Long Parliament in their majority view). The dissolution of the Rump was followed by a short period in which Cromwell and the Army ruled alone. Nobody had the constitutional authority to call an election, but Cromwell did not want to impose
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