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20-569: The Rio Unini Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas . It has an area of 833,352 hectares (2,059,260 acres). It extends upstream along the left (north) bank of the Unini River from its mouth on the Rio Negro and then upstream along the left bank of its main tributary, the Água Preta stream. The eastern section adjoins the Jaú National Park , and the western section adjoins

40-811: Is 122,476 square kilometres (47,288 sq mi), making it the second largest municipality in Brazil (behind Altamira, Pará), equivalent in size to New York state in the United States and slightly larger than North Korea. The municipality contains part of the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve . It also contains part of the Amazonas National Forest . It contains the 833,352 hectares (2,059,260 acres) Rio Unini Extractive Reserve , created in 2006. The climate reflects its vegetation being tropical rainforest or equatorial ( Köppen : Af ), like

60-504: Is a municipality located in the state of Amazonas , northern Brazil . Its population was 27,638 (2020) and its area is 122,476 square kilometres (47,288 sq mi). It is the second largest municipality in Brazil (behind Altamira, Pará ); equivalent in size to New York state in the United States and slightly larger than North Korea . Since 1994, Barcelos has been the host of an annual festival celebrating ornamental fish , which

80-480: Is a significant source of income for the region. Project Piaba uses Barcelos as the starting point for their annual research expedition into the Rio Negro area. The region is the biggest exporter of this particular fish in Brazil with over 19 million specimen exported into Europe , Asia and USA . Barcelos is known for Ecotourism . Barcelos was originally named Mariuá, village of the Manaus Indians. When

100-531: Is about 2,000 millimetres (79 in). Temperatures range from 14 to 39 °C (57 to 102 °F) with an average of 25 °C (77 °F). The terrain is flat and undulating. The reserve has very diverse geology, soil, vegetation and fauna. The main river, the Unini, has numerous meanders and floodplains, with a rich diversity of aquatic environments. Vegetation includes dense rainforest (53%), terra firma forest (29%), igapó (11%) and campinarana (5%). Fauna in

120-561: Is based on extraction, subsistence agriculture and small-scale animal raising. Its basic objectives are to protect the livelihoods and culture of these people and to ensure sustainable use of natural resources. On 27 December 2006 the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA: National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) recognised the reserve as supporting 138 families of small rural producers, who would qualify for PRONAF assistance. The deliberative council

140-479: Is divided into only 62 municipalities), and therefore they cover large areas incorporating several separated cities or towns that do not necessarily conform to one single conurbation. Southern and eastern states on the other hand, are divided into many small municipalities (e.g. Minas Gerais ), and therefore large urban areas usually extend over several municipalities which form one single conurbation. The Federal District cannot be divided into municipalities , which

160-544: Is low compared to other conservation units. There are about eleven communities in the region, four within the reserve and seven in its surroundings. These are relatively small groups of people with low levels of education and poor access to health care. Their main economic activity is subsistence agriculture, followed by extraction of vines and nuts for trade. The reserve has good potential for ecotourism, including jungle tours and sports fishing, although both activities cause environmental conflicts. The residents are represented by

180-482: Is why its territory is composed of several administrative regions . These regions are directly managed by the government of the Federal District, which exercises constitutional and legal powers that are equivalent to those of the states , as well as those of the municipalities, thus simultaneously assuming all the obligations arising from them. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of

200-667: The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve , both to the south of the river or stream. The reserve is part of the Amazonia Central Corridor, the Biosphere Reserve of the Central Amazon and the Lower Rio Negro Mosaic . The mosaic was created in 2010 with eleven conservation units, giving a forum for diverse social actors to communicate and manage development projects in the broader region. Average annual rainfall

220-490: The Brazilian states . Brazil currently has 5,570 municipalities, which, given the 2019 population estimate of 210,147,125, makes an average municipality population of 37,728 inhabitants. The average state in Brazil has 214 municipalities. Roraima is the least subdivided state, with 15 municipalities, while Minas Gerais is the most, with 853. Northern states are divided into small numbers of large municipalities (e.g. Amazonas

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240-454: The Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states. Each municipality has an autonomous local government, comprising a mayor ( prefeito ) and a legislative body called municipal chamber ( câmara municipal ). Both the local government and the legislative body are directly elected by the population every four years. These elections take place at the same time all over the country;

260-667: The Unini River Residents' Association (AMORU), the Association of Tapiíra Community Residents (AMOTAPI) and the Unini River Residents cooperative (COOMARU). The initiative for creating the reserve came from the AMORU, which helped resolve conflicts caused by creation of the Jaú National Park, and made the community aware of the reason for choosing the "extractive reserve" category of conservation unit. The Rio Unini Extractive Reserve

280-501: The captaincy of São José do Rio Negro was formed in 1755, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado , Governor General of state of Grao Para e Maranhao chose the aldeia de São José do Javari, a village founded by Carmelite Friar Matias São Boaventuras in 1728 near the mouth of the Javari River , as its capital. It was the capital of the captaincy of São José do Rio Negro from 1755 to 1791, and again from 1799 to 1808. The municipality area

300-504: The last municipal elections were held on 15 November 2020. Each municipality has the constitutional power to approve its own laws, as well as collecting taxes and receiving funds from the state and federal governments. However, municipal governments have no judicial power per se , and courts are only organised at the state or federal level. A subdivision of the state judiciary, or comarca , can either correspond to an individual municipality or encompass several municipalities. The seat of

320-649: The municipal administration is a nominated city ( cidade ), with no specification in the law about the minimum population, area or facilities. The city always has the same name as the municipality, as they are not treated as distinct entities. Municipalities can be subdivided, only for administrative purposes, into districts (normally, new municipalities are formed from these districts). Other populated sites are villages, but with no legal effect or regulation. Almost all municipalities are subdivided into neighbourhoods ( bairros ), although most municipalities do not officially define their neighbourhood limits (usually small cities in

340-601: The reserve that are endemic to the Rio Negro basin include the Symphysodon discus and Cacajao melanocephalus . The fish of the black water Unini are mostly of the Characiformes and Siluriformes orders. There are three newly discovered fish species, and several rare species of birds and bees. Some of the fish, turtles and birds are at risk from over-hunting. There is some risk from illegal fishing, mining and deforestation, but it

360-458: The rest of the Amazon Basin . The city is served by Barcelos Airport with scheduled services to Manaus. This article about a location in the Brazilian state of Amazonas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Municipalities of Brazil Recent elections The municipalities of Brazil ( Portuguese : municípios do Brasil ) are administrative divisions of

380-576: Was created by presidential decree on 21 June 2006. It became part of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor , established in 2002. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). The reserve is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources). An extractive reserve is an area used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood

400-608: Was created on 10 November 2009. The management plan was approved on 6 October 2014. On 16 December 2014 ICMBio and the Fundação Vitória Amazônia (FVA) agreed to cooperate for a period of five years in developing nature conservation actions and research in the reserve and the Jaú National Park. As of 2016 the reserve was supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program . Barcelos, Amazonas Barcelos (also Barcellos ), formerly Mariuá ,

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