Sen no Rikyū ( Japanese : 千利休 , 1522 – April 21, 1591) , also known simply as Rikyū , was a Japanese Buddhist monk and tea master considered the most important influence on the chanoyu , the Japanese "Way of Tea", particularly the tradition of wabi-cha . He was also the first to emphasize several key aspects of the ceremony, including rustic simplicity, directness of approach and honesty of self. Originating from the Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods, these aspects of the tea ceremony persist. Rikyū is known by many names; for consistency, he will be referred to as Rikyū in this article.
35-409: (Redirected from Rikyu ) Rikyū may refer to: Sen no Rikyū , the 16th century Japanese master of the tea ceremony Rikyu (film) , the 1989 Hiroshi Teshigahara film about the later years of Sen no Rikyū's life Rikyū crater, on Mercury Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
70-537: A piece of the equipment as a souvenir, with the exception of the bowl, which he shattered, as he uttered the words: "Never again shall this cup, polluted by the lips of misfortune, be used by man." As the guests departed, one remained to serve as witness to Rikyū's death. Rikyū's last words, which he wrote down as a death poem , were in verse, addressed to the dagger with which he took his own life: Welcome to thee, O sword of eternity! Through Buddha And through Daruma alike Thou hast cleft thy way. When Hideyoshi
105-716: A preference for simple, rustic items made in Japan, rather than the expensive Chinese-made items that were fashionable at the time. Though not the inventor of the philosophy of wabi-sabi , which finds beauty in the very simple, Rikyū is among those most responsible for popularizing it, developing it, and incorporating it into tea ceremony. He created a new form of tea ceremony using very simple instruments and surroundings. This and his other beliefs and teachings came to be known as sōan-cha (the grass-thatched hermitage style of chanoyu ), or more generally, wabi-cha . This line of chanoyu that his descendants and followers carried on
140-577: A somewhat legendary Zen priest; and Yamanoue Sōji (1544–90), a townsman of Sakai. Another was Furuta Oribe (1544-1615), who became a celebrated tea master after Rikyū's death. Nanbō is credited as the original author of the Nanpō roku , a record of Rikyū's teachings. There is, however, some debate as to whether Nanbō even existed, and some scholars theorize that his writings were actually by samurai litterateur Tachibana Jitsuzan (1655-1708), who claimed to have found and transcribed these texts. Yamanoue's chronicle,
175-422: A suburb of Kyoto, and which is credited to his design. This tea room has been designated as a National Treasure . He also developed many implements for tea ceremony , including flower containers, teascoops, and lid rests made of bamboo, and also used everyday objects for tea ceremony, often in novel ways. Raku teabowls were originated through his collaboration with a tile-maker named Raku Chōjirō . Rikyū had
210-498: Is common. Rooms having tatami flooring and other such traditional architectural features are referred to as nihonma or washitsu , "Japanese-style rooms". Tatami can be categorized by their size, correlated to their place of origin: In terms of traditional Japanese length units , a tatami is 1 by 0.5 ken , or equivalently 6 by 3 shaku . The length of these units varies regionally, which led different regions to develop separate tatami size conventions. One shaku
245-481: Is a 1989 biographical drama film directed by Kei Kumai with Toshiro Mifune as the lead character. It is based on the events surrounding his ritual suicide. It was entered into the main competition at the 43rd Venice International Film Festival , in which it won the Silver Lion . Hyouge Mono ( Hyōge Mono ( へうげもの , 'Jocular Fellow') ) is a manga written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Yamada. Hyōge Mono
280-465: Is a fictional retelling of the era in which Sen no Rikyū lived, and how close tea culture was to the world of politics. It won several comic awards and was adapted into an anime series in 2011. A period drama about Rikyū's life and work titled Ask This of Rikyu ( 利休にたずねよ , Rikyū ni tazuneyo ) by film director Mitsutoshi Tanaka was released in 2013, starring kabuki actor Ichikawa Ebizō XI , Rei Dan , Akira Emoto , and Seiji Fukushi . It
315-479: Is a former tea master to Toyotomi Hideyoshi , and he is on the run after Hideyoshi ordered him to commit ritual suicide . Sen no Rikyū is one of the main characters in Flower and Sword ( Hana Ikusa ( 花戦さ , 'War of Flowers') ), a 2017 tragicomical movie by Tetsuo Shinohara . The role of Rikyū is performed by Kōichi Satō . Sen no Rikyū was added as a playable character to the game Fate/Grand Order in 2022 in
350-487: Is a set of seven high-ranking daimyō or generals who were also direct disciples of Sen no Rikyū: Maeda Toshinaga , Gamō Ujisato , Hosokawa Tadaoki , Furuta Oribe , Makimura Toshisada, Dom Justo Takayama , and Shimayama Munetsuna. The seven-member set was first mentioned by Rikyū's grandson Sen no Sōtan . In a 1663 list given by Sōtan's son (and fourth-generation head of the Sen Sōsa lineage of tea masters), Maeda Toshinaga
385-493: Is approximately the same length as one foot in the British-American measurement system. As for thickness, 5.5 cm (2.2 in) is average for Kyōma tatami, while 6.0 cm (2.4 in) is the norm for Edoma tatami. A half mat is called a hanjō ( 半畳 ) , and a mat of three-quarter length is called a daimedatami ( 大目畳 or 台目畳 ), which is used in tea-ceremony rooms ( chashitsu ) . In Japan,
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#1732880853598420-461: Is based on Kenichi Yamamoto 's novel of the same name. Sen no Rikyū is a character in the Sengoku Basara franchise, introduced in the 2015 game Sengoku Basara 4 . Rikyū is portrayed with two split personalities - the peaceful and elegant Wabisuke, and the irreverent and aggressive Sabisuke – in reference to the philosophy of wabi-sabi that the actual Rikyū popularized. In the game, Rikyū
455-456: Is derived from the verb tatamu ( 畳む ) , meaning 'to fold' or 'to pile'. This indicates that the early tatami were thin and could be folded up when not used or piled in layers. Tatami were originally a luxury item for the nobility. The lower classes had mat-covered earthen floors. During the Heian period , when the shinden-zukuri architectural style of aristocratic residences was consummated,
490-415: Is replaced by Seta Masatada. Rikyu ( 利休 , Rikyū , 1989) is Hiroshi Teshigahara 's film about the master. The film focuses on the late stages of life of Rikyū, during the highly turbulent Sengoku period of feudal Japan. The film won a number of awards. Death of a Tea Master ( 千利休 本覺坊遺文 , Sen no Rikyu: Honkakubô ibun , also known as Sen no Rikyū : Honkakubo's Student Writings )
525-515: The Yamanoue Sōji ki ( 山上宗二記 ), gives commentary about Rikyū's teachings and the state of chanoyu at the time of its writing. Rikyū had a number of children, including a son known in history as Sen Dōan , and daughter known as Okame. This daughter became the bride of Rikyū's second wife's son by a previous marriage, known in history as Sen Shōan . Due to many complex circumstances, Sen Shōan, rather than Rikyū's legitimate heir, Dōan, became
560-559: The Siege of Odawara (1590) , his famous disciple Yamanoue Sōji was tortured and decapitated on Hideyoshi's orders. While Hideyoshi's reason may never be known for certain, it is known that Rikyū committed seppuku at his residence within Hideyoshi's Jurakudai palace in Kyoto in 1591 on the 28th day of the 2nd month (of the traditional Japanese lunar calendar ; or April 21 when calculated according to
595-699: The Buddhist lay name and title "Rikyū Koji" ( 利休居士 ) . Another major chanoyu event of Hideyoshi's that Rikyū played a central role in was the Grand Kitano Tea Ceremony , held by Hideyoshi at the Kitano Tenman-gū in 1587. It was during his later years that Rikyū began to use very tiny, rustic tea rooms referred as sō-an ('grass hermitage'), such as the two- tatami mat tea room named Tai-an , which can be seen today at Myōki-an temple in Yamazaki,
630-656: The Buddhist name Sōeki ( 宗易 ) from the Rinzai Zen priest Dairin Sōtō (1480–1568) of Nanshū-ji in Sakai. He married a woman known as Hōshin Myōju (d. 1577) around when he was 21. Rikyū also underwent Zen training at Daitoku-ji in Kyoto. Not much is known about his middle years. In 1579, at the age of 58, Rikyū became a tea master for Oda Nobunaga and, following Nobunaga's death in 1582, he
665-568: The GUDAGUDA 7 event as a 5-star Berserker-class Servant. In Fate/Grand Order , he is illustrated as a female dressed in traditional Japanese clothing with white and grey hair. The Servant's Noble Phantasm animation shows him making tea and serving it to the enemy before dealing damage. Tatami Tatami ( 畳 ) are soft mats used as flooring material in traditional Japanese -style rooms . They are made in standard sizes, twice as long as wide, about 0.9 by 1.8 metres (3 by 6 ft), depending on
700-577: The Japanese Way of Tea, that are directly descended from Rikyū: the Omotesenke , Urasenke , and Mushakōjisenke , all three of which are dedicated to passing forward the teachings of their mutual family founder, Rikyū. They are collectively called san senke . Rikyū was born in Sakai in present-day Osaka Prefecture . His father was a warehouse owner named Tanaka Yohei ( 田中與兵衛 ) , who later in life also used
735-602: The Nagoya region are: Shops were traditionally designed to be 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 mats, and Japanese tea rooms are frequently 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 mats. Another format is the Ryūkyū ( 琉球 ) tatami, originating from the Ryūkyū Islands , which are square and can have various measurements. Ryūkyū tatami do not have borders, and have become popular in modern times for their simplicity. There are rules concerning
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#1732880853598770-433: The arrangement of the tatami in the rooms. Prior to the mid-16th century, the ruling nobility and samurai slept on tatami or woven mats called goza ( 茣蓙 ) , while commoners used straw mats or loose straw for bedding. Tatami were gradually popularized and reached the homes of commoners toward the end of the 17th century. Houses built in Japan today often have few or no tatami-floored rooms. Having just one such room
805-467: The family name Sen, and his mother was Gesshin Myōchin ( 月岑妙珎 ) . His childhood name was Yoshiro ( 與四郎 ) . As a young man, Rikyū studied tea under the townsman of Sakai named Kitamuki Dōchin (1504–62), and at nineteen, through Dōchin's introduction, he began to study tea under Takeno Jōō , who is also associated with the development of the wabi aesthetic in tea ceremony. He is believed to have received
840-495: The family's headquarters each year on March 27, and the Urasenke school's takes place at its own family's headquarters each year on March 28. The three Sen families (Omotesenke, Urasenke, Mushakōjisenke) take turns holding a memorial service on the 28th of every month, at their mutual family temple, the subsidiary temple Jukōin at Daitoku-ji temple. The Rikyū Shichitetsu ( 利休七哲 ) ('Seven Foremost Disciples', 'Seven Luminaries')
875-816: The flooring of shinden-zukuri palatial rooms were mainly wooden, and tatami were only used as seating for the highest aristocrats. In the Kamakura period , there arose the shoin-zukuri architectural style of residence for the samurai and priests who had gained power. This architectural style reached its peak of development in the Muromachi period , when tatami gradually came to be spread over whole rooms, beginning with small rooms. Floors completely covered with tatami came to be known as [[[wikt:座敷|zashiki]]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) ( 座敷 , lit. ' spread out for sitting ' ) , and rules concerning seating and etiquette determined
910-451: The junctions of the tatami form a "T" shape; in the "inauspicious" arrangement, the tatami are in a grid pattern wherein the junctions form a "+" shape. An auspicious tiling often requires the use of 1 ⁄ 2 mats to tile a room. It is NP-complete to determine whether a large room has an auspicious arrangement using only full mats. An inauspicious layout was used to avoid bad fortune at inauspicious events, such as funerals. Now it
945-505: The modern Gregorian calendar ), at the age of seventy. According to Okakura Kakuzō in The Book of Tea , Rikyū's last act was to hold an exquisite tea ceremony. After serving all his guests, he presented each piece of the tea-equipage for their inspection, along with an exquisite kakemono , which Okakura described as "a wonderful writing by an ancient monk dealing with the evanescence of all things". Rikyū presented each of his guests with
980-461: The number of tatami mats and the layout of the tatami mats in a room. In the Edo period , "auspicious" ( 祝儀敷き , shūgijiki ) tatami arrangements and "inauspicious" ( 不祝儀敷き , fushūgijiki ) tatami arrangements were distinctly differentiated, and the tatami accordingly would be rearranged depending on the occasion. In modern practice, the "auspicious" layout is ordinarily used. In this arrangement,
1015-545: The person counted as the 2nd generation in the Sen-family's tradition of chanoyu (see san-Senke at schools of Japanese tea ceremony ). Rikyū also wrote poetry, and practiced ikebana . One of his favourite gardens was said to be at Chishaku-in in Kyoto. Although Rikyū had been one of Hideyoshi's closest confidants, because of crucial differences of opinion and because he was too independent, Hideyoshi ordered him to commit ritual suicide . One year earlier, after
1050-678: The region. In martial arts, tatami are used for training in a dojo and for competition. Tatami are covered with a weft -faced weave of soft rush ( 藺草 , igusa ) on a warp of hemp or weaker cotton. There are four warps per weft shed , two at each end (or sometimes two per shed, one at each end, to reduce cost). The doko (core) is traditionally made from sewn-together rice straw, but contemporary tatami sometimes have compressed wood chip boards or extruded polystyrene foam in their cores instead or as well. The long sides are usually edged ( 縁 , heri ) with brocade or plain cloth, although some tatami have no edging. The term tatami
1085-491: The size of a room is usually measured in relation to the size of tatami mats ( -畳 , -jō ) , about 1.653 m (17.79 sq ft) for a standard Nagoya-size tatami. Alternatively, in terms of traditional Japanese area units , room area (and especially house floor area) is measured in terms of tsubo , where one tsubo is the area of two tatami mats (forming a square); formally 1 by 1 ken or about 3.306 m (35.59 sq ft). Some common room sizes in
Rikyū - Misplaced Pages Continue
1120-504: The title Rikyū . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rikyū&oldid=934095562 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sen no Riky%C5%AB There are three iemoto ( sōke ), or 'head houses' of
1155-474: Was a tea master for Toyotomi Hideyoshi . His relationship with Hideyoshi quickly deepened, and he entered Hideyoshi's circle of confidants, effectively becoming the most influential figure in the world of chanoyu . In 1585, as he needed extra credentials to enter the Imperial Palace in order to help at a tea gathering that would be given by Hideyoshi for Emperor Ōgimachi , the emperor bestowed upon him
1190-592: Was building his lavish residence at Fushimi the following year, he remarked that he wished its construction and decoration to be pleasing to Rikyū. Hideyoshi was known for his temper, and is said to have expressed regret at his treatment of Rikyū. Rikyū's grave is located at Jukōin temple in the Daitoku-ji compound in Kyoto; his posthumous Buddhist name is Fushin'an Rikyū Sōeki Koji. Memorials for Rikyū are observed annually by many schools of Japanese tea ceremony . The Omotesenke school's annual memorial takes place at
1225-450: Was recognized as the Senke-ryū ( 千家流 , 'school of the house of Sen') . A writer and poet, the tea master referred to the ware and its relationship with the tea ceremony, saying, "Though you wipe your hands and brush off the dust and dirt from the vessels, what is the use of all this fuss if the heart is still impure?" Two of his primary disciples were Nanbō Sōkei ( 南坊宗啓 ; dates unknown),
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