The Riich M1 is a city car produced by the Chinese automaker Chery between 2009 and 2014 and sold under the marque Riich in China . The M1 was also known as the Chery M1 or Chery S18 in most of export market, and as a DR1 in Italy assembled via CKD by DR Motor in Macchia d'Isernia .
38-567: A notchback version, called Riich M5 , was introduced in 2010, but production ended in 2014 due to poor sales. In 2017, Chinese automobile maker Hawtai acquired the license from Chery to build the EV-based M1 and production restarted in 2018. The Hawtai model was called S1 iEV360 . Developed on the same platform as the Chery QQ, the Riich M1 (Codeproject S18) was the smallest car marketed by Riich,
76-463: A notchback - sedan version called Riich M5 (Codeproject S18C) was presented, characterized by the rear volume but with 5-door. The bodywork is extended by 30 cm, the third volume guarantees a much bigger boot. The M5 is a total of 3.905 m (153.7 in) length and is powered by the only 1.3-litr 16-valve petrol engine with manual or automatic transmission. Compared to the M1, there is no difference in
114-554: A "saloon" in British English. "Notchback" has appeared in a few British English publications; however, it is not a term that is used in common parlance in Britain. New European Driving Cycle The New European Driving Cycle ( NEDC ) was a driving cycle , last updated in 1997, designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles). It
152-408: A 20 s stop - if equipped with manual gearbox, in the 1st gear with clutch disengaged - the car slowly accelerates to 70 km/h in 41 s (manual: 5 s, 9 s, 8 s and 13 s in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th gears, with additional 3 × 2 s for gear changes), cruises for 50 s (manual: in the 5th gear [sic]), decelerates to 50 km/h in 8 s (manual: 4 s in
190-462: A distinct deck." In profile view, the body has a step down from the roof with a downward inclined passenger compartment's rear window to meet an almost horizontal trunk lid extending to the rear of the car. The category may be characterized as having a three-box design where the trunk volume is less pronounced than the engine and passenger compartments. Many models of sedans , coupés , or hatchbacks could be classified as notchbacks. However,
228-400: A full stop in 34 s (manual: in the 5th or 6th gear, last 10 s with clutch disengaged), and idles for another 20 s (manual: in neutral). Total duration is 400 s (6 minutes 40 s seconds) and theoretical distance is 6956 meters, with an average speed of 62.6 km/h. The combined fuel economy is calculated by a total consumption of urban and extra-urban cycles over
266-542: A look-up table is applied: each speed corresponds to a certain value of resistance (reverse torque applied to the drive wheels). This arrangement enables the use of a single physical vehicle to test all vehicle body styles ( Sedan , hatchback , MPV etc.) by simply changing the look-up table. A fan is coupled to the roller bench to provide the vehicle air intakes with an airflow matching the current speed. Many more tests can be performed during vehicle development with this arrangement than with conventional road tests. The test
304-486: A maximum speed of 50 km/h. When the engine starts, the car pauses for 11 s - if equipped with a manual gearbox , 6 s in neutral (with clutch engaged) and 5 s in the 1st gear (with clutch disengaged) - then slowly accelerates to 15 km/h in 4 s, cruises at constant speed for 8 s, brakes to a full stop in 5 s (manual: last 3 s with clutch disengaged), then stops for 21 s (manual: 16 s in neutral, then 5 s in
342-462: A notchback version of the Nash Ambassador was introduced. This was in contrast to the previous fastback aerodynamic body shape that made the 1949 through 1950 Nash Ambassadors the "most streamlined form on the road." The new cars had a distinctive reverse slanting C-pillar and featured boxier styling that became a design trend. In 1971, Chevrolet marketed the three-box sedan models of
380-507: A range of about 225 kilometres (140 mi) in the homologation in the NEDC cycle. The Hawtai version is sold only in China. Notchback A notchback is a car design with the rear section distinct from the passenger compartment and where the back of the passenger compartment is at an angle to the top of what is typically the rear baggage compartment. Notchback cars have "a trunk whose lid forms
418-518: A theoretical distance of 994.03 meters, then it repeats four consecutive times. Total duration is 780 s (13 minutes) over a theoretical distance of 3976.1 meters, with an average speed of 18.35 km/h. The Extra-Urban Driving Cycle EUDC , introduced by ECE R101 in 1990, has been designed to represent more aggressive, high speed driving modes. The maximum speed of the EUDC cycle is 120 km/h; low-powered vehicles are limited to 90 km/h. After
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#1732890930379456-467: Is alleged that, under NEDC, some automakers overinflate tires, adjusting or disconnecting brakes to reduce friction, and taping cracks between body panels and windows to reduce air resistance, some go as far as removing wing mirrors, to inflate measured fuel economy and lower measured carbon emission. In addition, the height of the simulated wind fan could alter the performance of after-treatment systems due to changes in temperature and, consequently, modify
494-679: Is also referred to as MVEG cycle (Motor Vehicle Emissions Group). The NEDC, which is supposed to represent the typical usage of a car in Europe , is repeatedly criticised for delivering economy-figures which are unachievable in reality. It consists of four repeated ECE-15 urban driving cycles ( UDC ) and one Extra-Urban driving cycle ( EUDC ). The WLTP test cycle replaced NEDC for vehicles approved for sale in Europe after September 2018, and all published figures for vehicles on sale after January 2019 should use WLTP fuel economy figures The NEDC test procedure
532-452: Is called 'cycle beating' to optimise engine emission performance to the corresponding operating points of the test cycle, while emissions from typical driving conditions would be much higher than expected, undermining the standards and public health. In one particular instance, research from two German technology institutes found that for diesel cars no 'real' NO x reductions have been achieved after 13 years of stricter standards. It
570-464: Is conducted with all ancillary loads turned off (Air conditioning compressor and fan, lights, heated rear window, etc.) The Urban Driving Cycle ECE-15 (or just UDC ) was introduced first in 1970 as part of ECE vehicle regulations ; the recent version is defined by ECE R83, R84 and R101. The cycle has been designed to represent typical driving conditions of busy European cities, and is characterized by low engine load, low exhaust gas temperature, and
608-534: Is defined in UNECE R101 for the measurement of CO 2 and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range in hybrid and fully electric M1 and N1 vehicles, and UNECE R83 for the measurement of emission of pollutants of M, N1 and M2 vehicles. It was maintained by the UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29), which also worked on its successor,
646-454: Is in part caused by the power surplus of modern engines as the 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) average-time decreased from 14 seconds in 1981 to 9 seconds in 2007. In 1998, a Swedish researcher criticized the NEDC standard for allowing large emission differences between test and reality. The UK consumer group Which? , criticized the NEDC test procedure as being out-of-date as its most recent update
684-456: The Chevrolet Vega as a notchback to differentiate them from the fastback Vega models. For the 1973 model year , the car's name was changed to "Vega Notchback". While many car models have notchback characteristics, the category is largely unused outside North America, with their body style being described using other terms. For example, a three-box sedan is more generally known as
722-554: The Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). Although originally designed for petrol-based road vehicles, the driving cycle is now also used for diesel vehicles and to estimate the electric power consumption and driving range of hybrid and battery electric vehicles . UNECE regulation 15 has become obsolete with introduction of UNECE regulation 83 related to "emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements". Several measurements are usually performed along
760-514: The 1.0 engine was replaced by the new 1.1 16V Acteco. In November 2010, the electric version with an engine delivering 40 kW (54 hp; 54 PS) and a total range of between 120 and 150 kilometres (75 and 93 mi) came into production. In most Asian and Latin American markets, the M1 was exported from Chery to be sold under its own brand, being the Riich division specific to China. In 2013,
798-402: The 1st gear). At 49 s, the car slowly accelerates to 32 km/h in 12 s (manual: 5 s in 1st gear, 2 s gear change, then 5 s in the 2nd gear), cruises for 24 s, slowly brakes to a full stop in 11 s (manual: last 3 s with clutch disengaged), then pauses for another 21 s (manual: 16 s in neutral, 5 s in the 1st gear). At 117 s,
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#1732890930379836-462: The 5th and 4 s in the 4th gear [sic]) and cruises for 69 s, then slowly accelerates to 70 km/h in 13 s . At 201 s, the car cruises at 70 km/h for 50 s (manual: in the 5th gear), then slowly accelerates to 100 km/h in 35 s and cruises for 30 s (manual: in the 5th or 6th gear). Finally, at 316 s the car slowly accelerates to 120 km/h in 20 s, cruises for 10 s, then slowly brakes to
874-592: The Chery division intended to sell better quality and better-finished cars than the rest of the parent company. In fact, the M1 was a totally new project compared to the old QQ that was still produced and updated several times. Launched the 16 August 2009 in China, the M1 has a five-door body with an MPV-like design. With a length of 3.60 meters the car was designed especially for export, in fact, it will be assembled under license in Italy by DR Motor going to be in direct competition with
912-481: The EU. The cycle must be performed on a cold vehicle at 20–30 °C (typically run at 25 °C). The cycles may be performed on a flat road, in the absence of wind. However, to improve repeatability , they are generally performed on a roller test bench. This type of bench is equipped with an electrical machine to emulate resistance due to aerodynamic drag and vehicle mass ( inertia ). For each vehicle configuration,
950-566: The European A-segment cars like the Fiat Panda , Citroën C1 , Peugeot 107 and Hyundai i10 . At launch the car was equipped with two four-cylinder petrol engines from the Acteco family developed by Chery and AVL. The 1.0 16V and 1.3 16V. The gearbox was a five-speed manual, or optional 5-speed automated manual on the 1.3. The interior was characterized by central instrumentation. Subsequently,
988-475: The Riich brand closed and some vehicles continued to be sold under the Chery brand; the M1 then became Chery M1 . Production ended in 2014 due to low sales. An estate version with crossover cues called the Riich X1 was also available featuring a wagon body and black plastic cladding. After Hawtai 's acquisition of the production license from Chery in 2017, the model was rebadged to Shendafei 2 XEV 360 . In 2010,
1026-526: The car slowly accelerates to 50 km/h in 26 s (manual: 5 s, 9 s and 8 s in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears, with additional 2 × 2 s for gear changes), cruises for 12 s, decelerates to 35 km/h in 8 s, cruises for another 13 s, brakes to a full stop in 12 s (manual: 2 s change to the 2nd gear, 7 s in the 2nd gear, last 3 s with clutch disengaged), then pauses for 7 s (manual: in neutral with clutch engaged). The cycle ends on 195 s after
1064-413: The category has limited salience outside American car manufacturers, who distinguish the three-box models from other body styles in the same model range. For example, the Chevrolet Vega range included both a notchback coupe and a fastback coupe. One of the first cars marketed as a notchback is the 1938 Cadillac Sixty Special . In a major design change among U.S. automakers for the 1952 model year,
1102-465: The cycle. The figures made available to the general public are: The following parameters are also generally measured to validate the compliance to European emission standards : Some or all of the following parameters are measured depending upon the requirements of the region implementing the test: The region implementing the test defines limits for each of the pollutants, for instance the Euro level within
1140-793: The interior, also the front and the doors are kept. Production of the M5 ends in 2014, due to poor sales. The M1 was produced in CKD by DR Motor in Italy at the Macchia d'Isernia plant and renamed DR1 . Production starts at the end of 2009 with a presentation at the Bologna Motor Show 2009 and compared to the Chinese version the DR1 presents a new redesigned bumper with a rectangular grille and better-finished interiors, moreover, all
1178-683: The pollutant emissions values. UNECE WP29 is currently developing a new global harmonized driving cycle, the World Light Test Procedure (WLTP) with participation of experts from the European Union, India, and Japan; it will apply to light duty vehicles (i.e. passenger cars and light commercial vans). The European Commission intends to introduce a type approval procedure to measure the energy efficiency of mobile air conditioning systems in vehicles, as well as its effect on fuel consumption and emissions, and display an efficiency label on
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1216-548: The safety devices have been re-homologated according to Europe standards. Also, the structure had been revised to better fit the European driving, moreover, the body had been reinforced for the homologation in the crash tests . Initially, it was proposed with the same 1.3 16V of the Chinese Riich M1. In 2011 the 1.1 16V was added. All the engines were also available with a dual-power supply with LPG system. Initially in Italy it
1254-560: The second generation Chery QQ ) In 2017, Hawtai Motor Group acquired the license for production of the EV version from Chery and in 2018 began assembly with the presentation at the Beijing Auto Show of the Hawtai version rebadged S1 iEV360 . The car, compared to the original electric M1, has been re-engineered by adopting a new electric motor (with 58 horsepower) and new batteries that guarantee
1292-425: The test, to reduce drag ; (vii) tyre inflation for the test can be set above the recommended pressure values to artificially reduce rolling resistance . For the emission standards to deliver real emission reductions it is crucial to use a test cycle that reflects real-world driving style. However, the fixed speeds, gear shift points and accelerations of the NEDC offer possibilities for manufacturers to engage in what
1330-460: The test-cycle does not include sustained motorway driving; (iii) test-cycles can be performed using optional economy settings which will not typically be selected by drivers; (iv) the test-cycle is performed with ancillary equipment such an air-conditioning and heated windows switched off; (v) the tests can be conducted at 2 km/h (1.2 mph) below the required speed thus using less fuel; (vi) roof-rails and passenger door-mirror can be removed for
1368-551: The total distance (theoretical 10932 meters). The total test time amounts to 1180 s with an average speed of 33.35 km/h. Sometimes the NEDC is also quoted at 1220 s, which includes the initial 40 s with the vehicle at standstill and combustion engine off. The NEDC was conceived when European vehicles were lighter and less powerful. The test offers a stylized driving speed pattern with low accelerations, constant speed cruises, and many idling events. However, accelerations are much steeper and variable in practice, which
1406-493: Was made in 1997; before hybrid cars and stop-start technology was generally available. The group claimed the test did not replicate real-world driving conditions and had numerous loopholes which cause the results to be unachievable in practice. It was also claimed that no official body polices the tests and the vehicle manufacturers can arbitrarily reduce their results by 4% at the end of the cycle. Weaknesses noted are: (i) that tests are not necessarily repeatable and comparable; (ii)
1444-616: Was quite successful, however, sales later fell and production stopped in 2014. In Italy, a special version called DR1 Ambassador was also sold with enriched equipment and logos with the Italian flag applied on the side. The electric version (equal to the Riich M1 EV) had been exhibited at the Bologna Motor Show 2010 but has never entered production due to the low demand for electric vehicles in Italy. It has been replaced by DR Zero (rebadge of
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