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60-593: Richard Lee Strout was born in Cohoes, New York , on March 14, 1898, and was raised in Brooklyn . He graduated from Harvard University in 1919. Afterwards, he moved to England to work in journalism in 1919 before returning to the United States in 1921, and held various newspaper positions for several years before beginning an association with The Christian Science Monitor that was to last until his retirement in 1984. He received

120-451: A company town . During the 1870s the mills were enormously profitable because of the Erie Canal , which flowed past them at that time. Mill #3, at over 1,000 feet (300 m) long, has been considered the longest continuous textile mill in the country at the time. Cotton textiles were shipped to New York City, England and Europe, where demand was high. In 1848, Cohoes was incorporated as

180-608: A village within the town of Watervliet . In 1869, it was chartered as a city. In 1866, during excavation work for construction of Mill #3 of the Harmony Mills, the bones of a mastodon were unearthed over a period of several weeks. This mammal ranged in this territory when humans were first settling here. The Cohoes Mastodon skeleton was long on display in the lobby of the New York State Museum in Albany, New York . Since

240-587: A Dreamer". Town of Waterford City of Troy Town of Colonie French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars were a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763, some of which indirectly were related to the European dynastic wars. The title French and Indian War in the singular is used in the United States specifically for the warfare of 1754–63, which composed

300-462: A compact that generally benefitted the parties and ultimately was disastrous for France. France recognized the independence of the Indigenous tribes while claiming sovereignty over their territory at the same time, as well as the right to plead the cause of their Indigenous allies in the face of other European powers. The French allies accepted this protectorate since it permitted self-government and

360-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 44.3% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.91. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

420-539: A master's degree in economics from Harvard in 1923. He won the George Polk Memorial Award for national reporting in 1958 and a special Pulitzer Prize for Journalism in 1978. The Special Award cited "distinguished commentary from Washington over many years as staff correspondent for The Christian Science Monitor and contributor to The New Republic ." In 1973, Strout received the Golden Plate Award of

480-478: A new waterfront park. In 2017, West End Park was redesigned to become a memorial park honoring veterans. In 2020, historic Canal Square Park in downtown Cohoes was redesigned to host Farmer’s Markets, outdoor concerts, and receptions and other events. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km ), of which 3.7 square miles (9.6 km )

540-585: A time, it was known for the Cohoes Falls. One of the earliest descriptions of the falls was in 1642 by Johannes Megapolensis , the first dominie (Dutch Reformed pastor) of Beverwyck . Another early description was in 1656 by Adriaen van der Donck in his Description of New Netherland . In the early-to-mid 17th century, a whale swam upriver in the Hudson, becoming stranded in the Mohawk River on an island just below

600-946: A traditional lifestyle. The Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki accepted Catholicism as it confirmed their alliance with the French against British colonists in Nova Scotia. Alongside the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki, France's chief allies were the indiens domiciliés (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France. Many of these were Mohawk from their earlier territory in central New York, but there were also members of other tribes from New England. Fleeing attacks by New England colonists during and after King Philip's War motivated their displacement to French territory. At

660-716: Is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km ) (11.79%) is water. Cohoes is situated at the confluence of the Mohawk with the Hudson River , where the Mohawk forms several channels and islands . Cohoes is named for its most famous landmark, the Cohoes Falls , a majestic waterfall first seen by the area's successive generations of indigenous peoples. In the historic era, these were the Mohawk Nation . The city includes Van Schaick Island , where

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720-491: The American Academy of Achievement . Strout was a Washington resident at age 92, when he died there on August 19, 1990, eleven days after hospitalization following a fall. This article about a United States journalist born in the 19th century is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cohoes, New York Cohoes ( / k ə ˈ h oʊ z / kə- HOHZ ) is an incorporated city located in

780-563: The Cohoes Falls and meaning "Place of the Falling Canoe," an interpretation noted by Horatio Gates Spafford in his 1823 publication "A Gazetteer of the State of New York". Later historians posited that the name is derived from the Algonquian Cohoes, a place name based on a word meaning 'pine tree'. In the early years of Dutch colonial settlement, the majority of the city's territory

840-693: The Proclamation of 1763 , in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War . The first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition,

900-449: The poverty line , including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over. A number of sites in Cohoes are included on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places , including - New York State Route 787 has its northern terminus in Cohoes. New York State Route 32 runs north–south through Cohoes. New York State Route 470 crosses east–west through the city and goes over

960-590: The 1830s. In the 1820s, the first cotton mill in Albany County was built in Cohoes. Egberts and Bailey was the first factory to use knitting machinery run by power, based on the Cohoes Company's power canals. The community became a center of textile manufacturing; in 1836 the Harmony Manufacturing Company was founded, later famous as Harmony Mills . Cohoes became a mill town , and to an extent

1020-521: The 19th century, numerous immigrants came to Cohoes to work in the mills, particularly French Canadians from Quebec and Irish , who first arrived as refugees in the 1840s from the Great Famine . The Harmony Mills Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the late 20th century. Around the start of the 20th century, daredevil Bobby Leach practiced going over

1080-521: The British used more regular troops alongside colonial militia. They returned almost none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane . The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland ), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana . The belligerents strove in general to control

1140-482: The Cohoes Falls in a barrel before he performed the same stunt at Niagara. Cohoes residents watched this feat from the lawn or the porch of The Cataract House, the Victorian hotel at the corner of North Mohawk and School streets. This site was later developed as the present School Street Power Station. From 2005 to 2013, the Harmony Mills were redeveloped and restored by real estate developer Uri Kaufman. Kaufman converted

1200-405: The Cohoes Falls. The Dutch settlers could not easily get to the large carcass to remove it. As it rotted, the river became slick for three weeks. A settler commented that "the air was infected with its stench... perceptible for two miles to leeward." Beginning about 1646, settlers called this land Whale Island. During the various French and Indian Wars of the mid-18th century, Van Schaick Island

1260-578: The English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indigenous combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes , is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War . In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to

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1320-675: The French and Indian War British numerical superiority became overwhelming, in spite of almost the whole male population of Canada being mobilized, and standard European tactics won the day and the war. The British military forces consisted of the British Army 's regular regiments and independent companies; the provincial regiments raised by the several colonies in British America , and the colonial militia . The British Army had two types of units in North America: regular regiments serving in

1380-507: The French and Indian War, naval gunner-bombardier companies were also stationed in North America. The other ranks of the marines were enlisted in France, but the officer corps became increasingly Canadian through recruitment of officers' sons. All promotions were by merit; purchase of commissions was prohibited. The British rangers were an attempt to replicate the tactics of the French colonial marines. The Swiss regiment de Karrer also operated under

1440-459: The French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade , mutually profitable for both French and indigenous peoples; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was the largest achievement of the petty warfare tactics. But at the end of

1500-547: The Hudson River is Rensselaer County and the city of Troy's Lansingburg neighborhood. The 112th Street Bridge connects Van Schaick Island to Troy. As of the census of 2010, there were 16,168. people (677 more than the 2000 census), 7,001 households, and 3,902 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,145.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,600.7/km ). There were 7,689 housing units at an average density of 2,053.8 per square mile (793.0/km ). The racial makeup of

1560-589: The Hudson River to the northern parts of Troy . Until the mid-1950s, the Delaware and Hudson Railroad ran the Laurentian train (New York - Montreal), making a stop at its station in Cohoes. Until the early 1960s, the D&;H ran trains from Albany to Saratoga Springs that made stops in Cohoes. Author Kurt Vonnegut's character, writer Kilgore Trout , was said to have been a resident of Cohoes in his story, "Requiem for

1620-498: The Mills to luxury loft apartments, sparking a revival in the heart of the city. On November 30, 2017, there was a massive fire that destroyed and damaged 21 buildings that caught the attention of national media. An amateur blacksmith, attempting to mimic the show Forged in Fire , started a barrel fire to forge with before losing control of it. High winds stoked the flames which spread over

1680-437: The Mohawk and other Iroquois allies of the British were forced to cede their territory, New York encouraged new settlement. Thousands of Yankee settlers came from New England. Cohoes was linked to the larger settlements of Lansingburg and Albany. In 1795 the first bridge across the Mohawk River was constructed at Cohoes. It was 900 feet long, 24 feet wide, 15 feet high, and was based on 13 stone piers. It cost $ 12,000 to build and

1740-814: The North American theatre of the Seven Years' War and the aftermath of which led to the American Revolution . The French and Indian Wars were preceded by the Beaver Wars . In Quebec , the various wars are generally referred to as the Intercolonial Wars. Some conflicts involved Spanish and Dutch forces, but all pitted the Kingdom of Great Britain , its colonies , and their Indigenous allies on one side against France , its colonies , and its Indigenous allies on

1800-588: The Royal French Navy. Its depot was in Rochefort , but its companies served in North American and the Caribbean. In 1754 six battalions from the regiments Artois , Béarn , Bourgogne , Guyenne , Languedoc , and La Reine were transferred to New France. In 1757 two additional battalions arrived from Royal Roussilon and La Sarre , followed the next year by two battalions from de Berry . An artillery company

1860-685: The U.S.) Seven Years' War (in Canada) 4th Intercolonial War or War of the Conquest (in Quebec) Father Le Loutre's War Naming conflicts after the British monarch of the day is a convention in United States history related to its early European settlement as majority-English colonies. Canadian convention uses the name of the larger European conflict (e.g., the "War of the Grand Alliance" rather than "King William's War") or refers to

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1920-403: The city was 84.14% White , 12.16% African American , 0.16% Native American , 0.68% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.59% from other races , and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.03% of the population. There were 6,932 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 15.3% had

1980-664: The colonial marines, contained the core of the military forces of New France . It was only during the French and Indian War that units from the French Royal Army were transferred to Canada. The colonial militia was more important than its counterpart in British America. The French colonies were administered through the secretary of state for the navy, and naval troops garrisoned New France. The French marines were organized into independent companies called Compagnies franches. During

2040-562: The colonies for a longer or shorter period of time, normally sent there only after the war had begun, and independent companies , permanently based in the colonies as garrisons of forts and fortresses. The British Army was largely recruited among the poor and the criminal classes; yet, the independent companies had lower status. Their ranks were often filled with people who had left the regular service – former soldiers mainly, but also deserters . The officers were often promoted non-commissioned officers . The independent companies became rooted in

2100-526: The confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, from the Peebles Island northwest to the Cohoes Falls and south to today's Watervliet ; this area was the core of the future city of Cohoes. Starting in the 1690s the Patroon began to issue leases for the area of Cohoes, reserving for himself a strip below the Cohoes Falls for the future site of mills powered by water. Though the area was not much settled for

2160-715: The course of six hours. At one point smoke and fire collectively consumed three blocks of the downtown district, and a plume of smoke rose over the city large enough to be detected by weather radar. Twenty-one buildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, with two businesses and a garage being completely leveled. Starting around 2020 to 2023, Cohoes embarked on a citywide revitalization project focused on improving infrastructure, restoring historic buildings, and environmental sustainability. The city invested $ 35 million in infrastructure improvements, including improving sidewalks, planting street trees, redesigning city parks, installing public charging stations for electric vehicles, and creating

2220-491: The early 21st century, the skeleton has been moved to a new location away from the windows, where temperature and humidity fluctuations risked damaging the skeleton. A replica complete with fur is on display at the Cohoes Public Library. Upon their completion, in 1872, the Harmony Mills were the largest cotton mill complex in the world. The Harmony Mills are an excellent example of 19th-century mill architecture. During

2280-540: The end of the French and Indian wars, all resident Indigenous peoples were joined in the confederation of the Seven Nations of Canada . A pattern of warfare emerged during the clashes between the European colonial powers and the American Indigenous peoples which characterized the four major French and Indigenous wars. The complex network of relations was fundamental between some Indigenous tribes and some colonies,

2340-535: The fourth and last war. The overwhelming victory of the British played a role in the eventual loss of their thirteen American colonies. Without the threat of French invasion, the American colonies saw little need for British military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains , as stated in

2400-429: The historic Van Schaick Mansion is located, and Simmons Island. Within Albany County, the city has the town of Colonie to its northwest, west, and south; with the town and village of Green Island to the south of Van Schaick Island. To the north across the Mohawk River is Saratoga County and the town of Waterford 's hamlet of Northside. A bridge connects Cohoes to Waterford. To the east of Van Schaick Island across

2460-503: The local society, often transforming the military service into a sideline of a civilian occupation, and remaining in the colonies after expiration of the enlistment period. When war began, the several colonies organized their own military forces, provincial troops, through temporary enlistments. The soldiers came from the lower orders of society, which did not strengthen their reliability or efficiency. Massachusetts Bay , New York and Connecticut usually mobilized large contingents, while

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2520-532: The major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many indigenous Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in

2580-478: The militia was restricted to the more substantial members of society, since every militiaman had to provide himself with a musket, knapsack, powder, bullets, flints, and sword. Each local community organized its own militia. The officers were either appointed by the governor or elected by the men. The main task of the local militia was local defense, rarely serving in the field but acting as a more or less efficient home guard . The Compagnies Franches de la Marine ,

2640-455: The northeast corner of Albany County in the U.S. state of New York . It is called the "Spindle City" because of the importance of textile manufacturing to its growth in the 19th century. The city's factories processed cotton from the Deep South . As of the 2020 census , the city population was 18,174. The name Cohoes is believed to be derived from a Mohawk term, Ga-ha-oose , referring to

2700-564: The other. A driving cause behind the wars was the desire of each country to take control of the interior territories of America, as well as the region around Hudson Bay ; both were deemed essential to domination of the fur trade . The North American wars, and their associated European wars, in sequence, are: King William's War 1st Intercolonial War (in French ) Queen Anne's War 2nd Intercolonial War Dummer's War King George's War 3rd Intercolonial War War of Jenkins' Ear The French and Indian War (in

2760-527: The regular army; a provincial field officer ranked as a senior British captain, although these officers were members of the colonial elite, often members of colonial legislatures . Disputes concerning rank and precedent between regular and provincial officers were common. Junior provincial officers were often popular militia officers, who easily could recruit a company of men. Each colony had its own militia, which in principle contained all able-bodied men 16 to 60 years of age. In reality, however, membership in

2820-541: The rules of European warfare, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1759 was a European battle fought in closed formations in the open. Although ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called la Petite guerre , or today's guerilla warfare . The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence

2880-407: The southern colonies always very reluctantly contributed to the imperial cause. The British Army did not have high opinions of the battleworthiness of the provincial troops, with the exception of the ranger units . During conjoint operations the provincial troops were subject to the very strict British Articles of War . The officers of the provincial troops had lower relative rank than the officers of

2940-468: The struggle between Britain and France over northeastern America because of its location east and south of Lake Ontario . The League's aggressive military and commercial policy gave the five Iroquois nations control over large parts of the country, forcing many smaller Indigenous nations into submission. The Iroquois used the Covenant Chain to join with the colony of New York and other British colonies in

3000-485: The two canals, which improved water traffic north to Lake Champlain and west through the Mohawk Valley. One or both of the canals crossed every farm in Cohoes. Even with the canals and the bridge bringing easier access to larger markets, Cohoes was a sleepy place prior to 1831. The nearest post office was at Waterford; fresh meat and produce were available mostly by residents raising their own. A United States post office

3060-533: The wars as the Intercolonial Wars. As the wars proceeded, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in

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3120-404: The wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local indigenous population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions. A common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the indigenous art of war. It is therefore conjectured that

3180-408: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 32,856, and the median income for a family was $ 42,054. Males had a median income of $ 31,972 versus $ 25,845 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,416. About 11.2% of families and 13.3% of the population were below

3240-548: Was a toll bridge. This bridge provided access to Cohoes as one of the main routes north. The bridge was rebuilt in 1806 by the Cohoes Bridge Company, which raised the tolls to cover the cost. Another major transportation improvement, construction of the Erie and Champlain canals were begun in 1817. The section in Cohoes was finished in 1823, stimulating trade for the city. Cohoes was known as Juncta because of being served by

3300-544: Was also sent over the Atlantic. The Canadian colonial militia enjoyed a substantially higher morale and battleworthiness than the British provincial troops and the militia of the British colonies. This was only true, however, when they were employed as home guard or as wilderness warriors. Besides a combat role, the Canadian militia also fulfilled important tasks behind the lines, such as transportation and road building. The Iroquois League played an important strategic role in

3360-501: Was built in Cohoes in 1831. In 1811 the Cohoes Manufacturing Company, owned entirely by men from Lansingburg, was incorporated and began a factory for making screws. This was the first large industry in Cohoes to use the power of the Mohawk River and Cohoes Falls. In 1831, a new Cohoes Company constructed a dam on the Mohawk River above the city's waterfall in order to better regulate water flow for industrial use. It

3420-578: Was built in the 1730s; it was one of the sites used as a military headquarters during the Revolution by the Americans under Major Generals Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates . Van Schaick Island was the first part of Cohoes to be settled and farmed; it was formerly known as Cohoes Island and Anthony's Island. Until after the Revolutionary War, Cohoes was a small quiet hamlet with isolated farms. After

3480-427: Was developed as part of a military road that came from Albany north along the islands at the mouth of the Mohawk River. These islands allowed for easier fords across the various mouths of the Mohawk and access to Waterford and points north. The islands were used for numerous military encampments during both the French and Indian Wars and the American Revolutionary War . The Van Schaick Mansion on Van Schaick Island

3540-525: Was once part of the area of Manor of Rensselaerswyck , a feudal-style manor or patroonship. The land north of a line crossing the Cohoes Falls (today Manor Avenue) was outside the Manor and was owned by the Van Olohde family between 1725 and 1750. Rensselaerswyck was established by Killiaen Van Rensselaer , the patroon and a Dutch merchant. In 1632, he had an agent pace off an enormous triangle-shaped area around

3600-512: Was soon swept away by ice at the break-up in spring, and a new dam was built the following year. Two canals extended from the dam to provide water power for industry. Ironworks were the first main industry in Cohoes, as it was in Troy, Menands , and West Troy. Daniel Simmons' Simmons Axe Company was famous throughout the United States, and the Cohoes Iron Foundry was a large business enterprise in

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