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40-440: Richard Dacres may refer to: Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer) (1761–1837), Royal Navy vice-admiral Richard Dacres (British Army officer) , (1799–1886), British Army field marshal [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

80-426: A bilge pump , self or hand bailer or buckets. At the stage of sinking where its buoyancy is deemed critical, the ship is unlikely to upright nor able to right itself such that stability and safety will be compromised even if the vessel is righted — a decision is made to abandon ship and any ultimate salvage may entail firm grounding and re-buoyancy pumps. Among ship types, a roll-on-roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ship

120-505: A roll or eskimo rescue . As long as the kayaker knows how to react, the water is not too shallow, and the location is not close to dangers that require evasive action by the kayaker – which cannot be taken while capsized – capsizing itself is usually not considered dangerous. In whitewater kayaking , capsizing occurs frequently and is accepted as an ordinary part of the sport. Kayak rolling, in which paddlers intentionally capsize and right themselves (in synchrony, as many times as possible in

160-443: A capsize as her bottom was only partly exposed; rather this was a partial sinking . Fixing a hole is called plugging. Otherwise a vessel in largely upright position which capsizes has suffered too much water to enter in places normally above the waterline, and which may be caused by poor manoeuvering, overloading (see Plimsoll Line ) or poor weather. As for holes, bailing may be carried out – removal of water aboard such as with

200-606: A given interval, or in as many different ways as possible) is also a competitive sport, especially in Greenland. Sailing vessels' "capsize ratio" is commonly published as a guideline for zones of safe operation — less than 2.0 means as a rule-of-thumb suitability for offshore navigation. However its crude nature of displacement divided by a vessel's beam (breadth) (albeit with a constant multiplied to provide an average assessment), means thorough assessment of ship stability , immersibility and buoyancy involves other factors to address

240-401: A safe location with supervision at least once to become acquainted with their boat's floating properties and the capsize process. The boat is then righted, bailed out, and the sails reset, so that in the event of an uncontrolled capsize, the boat and its occupants are familiar with the procedure and may recover. Most small monohull sailboats can normally be righted by standing or pulling down on

280-460: A substantial naval dynasty; James Richard rose to be a vice-admiral , his son Barrington became a post-captain , and James became a vice-admiral. Richard's own son Sydney would eventually be an admiral, and First Sea Lord . Dacres himself entered the navy in 1775 to serve aboard the 50-gun fourth rate Renown under Captain Francis Banks. He was present at the evacuation of Boston ,

320-426: A vessel's stability is a static stability diagram, which plots the angle of heel on the horizontal axis and the righting lever (GZ) on the vertical axis. (see metacentric height for details). If the static stability curve never crosses the x-axis, the boat is not stable upside-down. This is not sufficient to build a boat with good stability at sea, as it neglects the effects of wind, waves, and human occupants, but it

360-648: A vice-admiral on 22 July 1830. He was nominated a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order on 25 January 1836, and died at Balibroke Villas, near Bath , Somerset on 22 January 1837 at the age of 75. In 1788 he married Martha Phillips Milligan, by whom he had at least four children; his son Richard James Dacres (1799–1886) joined the army and rose to be a field marshal , while Sydney Colpoys Dacres (1805–1884), went on to be an admiral and First Naval Lord . His eldest daughter Martha married Rear Admiral Sir William Fairbrother Carrol in 1813, while

400-457: Is a simple, powerful way to analyze the stability of a vessel. See also primary stability and secondary stability . Self-righting through distribution of weight and buoyancy requires the weight low-down, and the buoyancy high up. It is often accomplished with a self-sealing superstructure, such as the large deckhouses on modern rescue boats. Most small craft intended as lifeboats with rigid (rather than inflatable) hulls designed since about

440-424: Is an inflatable device that is installed in the ballast water tank or within the hull of the vessel and can be deployed within seconds of an accident to stabilize the vessel and give more time for rescue and evacuation. A vessel may be designated as "self-righting" if it is designed to be able to capsize then return to upright without intervention (with or without crew on board). The angle of vanishing stability ,

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480-425: Is called a capsize, and being inverted, which is called being turtled . Small dinghies frequently capsize in the normal course of use and can usually be recovered by the crew. Some types of dinghy are occasionally deliberately capsized, as capsizing and righting the vessel again can be the fastest means of draining water from the boat. Capsizing (but not necessarily turtling) is an inherent part of dinghy sailing. It

520-594: Is deemed capsized when the mast is touching the water; when it is fully inverted, it is said to have turned turtle or turtled. Good racers can often recover from a capsize with minimal loss of time. The capsize can result from extreme broaching , especially if the keel has insufficient leverage to tilt the vessel upright. Some rescue lifeboats , for example the RNLI 's Severn-class are designed to be self-righting if capsized, but most other motorboats are not. Intermediate sailors are encouraged to capsize their dinghies in

560-406: Is forced to roll over. A ship that sustains a hole or crack ('is holed') may capsize. This is the working of torpedo and naval mine warfare. In 2012 the very large cruise ship Costa Concordia was holed and lost her propulsion by a mapped rock near the shallows, and drifted further where she partially sank, resting towards one side with most of her structure out of the water. This was not

600-514: Is more prone to capsizing as it has large open car decks near the waterline . If the watertight car-deck doors fail through damage or mismanagement (as in the partial sinking of MS  Herald of Free Enterprise where the doors were accidentally left open, and as in one of the largest peacetime maritime disasters when MS  Estonia sank off of the Archipelago Sea in Finland), water entering

640-403: Is not a question of "if" but a question of "when". For those who do not want the experience, a keelboat monohull has physics on its side. But even yachts can capsize and turtle in extraordinary conditions, so design considerations are important. Such events can overcome skill and experience; boats need to be appropriate for foreseeable conditions. A capsized kayak may be righted with

680-847: The 74-gun Alcide , Captain Charles Thompson . He was present with Rear-Admiral Thomas Graves's fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781, Rear-Admiral Samuel Hood's fleet at the Battle of St. Kitts in 1782 and Admiral George Brydges Rodney's fleet at the Battle of the Saintes in 1782. Dacres remained in Alcide till 1783, when he was appointed to Bombay Castle , Captain Herbert Sawyer , guard ship at Portsmouth, remaining in her for two years, before following Commodore Sawyer into his flagship,

720-667: The Battle of Maida , and later Admiral John Thomas Duckworth 's failed Dardanelles Operation and the Alexandria expedition in February 1807. Dacres then returned to England after Pompee ' s recall, arriving in June 1807. He was then ordered to take the Pompee to join Vice-Admiral Henry Stanhope's squadron for service in the second expedition to Copenhagen . He was involved in

760-647: The Channel Fleet . Hardy promoted Dacres to lieutenant into the frigate Amazon , under Captain the Honourable William Finch , with whom he sailed to the West Indies in early 1780. On 10/11 October 1780 Amazon narrowly escaped destruction during a violent hurricane, having to cut down her masts and throw her guns and anchors overboard to prevent the ship from capsizing . Twenty of her crew were drowned or badly hurt. He then served as first lieutenant of

800-602: The capture of New York —serving under Sir Peter Parker — the occupation of Aquidneck Island , and in various other services. He remained aboard Renown until 1778, when he returned to England and joined the frigate Apollo , under Captain Philemon Pownall , and was present at the capture of the French frigate Oiseau on 31 January 1779. Dacres then served aboard Victory , flagship of Sir Charles Hardy , Commander-in Chief of

840-401: The centreboard , daggerboard (or bilgeboard in a scow ) to lift the mast clear of the water. Depending on the design of the hull , the boat's righting moment will normally take effect once the mast is around 30 degrees from horizontal and help pull the boat vertical . Righting a catamaran that is lying on its side involves using a righting line fed over the upper hull. The crew stands on

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880-575: The 50-gun Leander , on the North American Station , until paid off in September 1788. During the Spanish Armament of 1790, Dacres was first appointed to the 64-gun Dictator , then to Windsor Castle , flagship of now Rear Admiral Sawyer. After the crisis was resolved peacefully, Dacres returned to half-pay until the outbreak of the war with Revolutionary France in February 1793. He

920-620: The Bay of Saint Brieux . On 31 October he was appointed post captain on the 20-gun Camilla , which formed part of Richard Strachan's squadron in the English Channel . In early 1797, Dacres took command of the frigate Astraea . He managed to slip away from the mutiny at the Nore , and then escorted a fleet of valuable merchant ships to the Baltic. He captured numerous French and Dutch privateers over

960-446: The angle of heel at which a vessel becomes unstable and does not bob back upright, does not exist; a self-righting boat will return to upright from any position, including completely upside-down. A self-righting vessel must be positively buoyant when swamped. There are three methods of making a vessel self-right: careful distribution of stationary weight and buoyancy, inflatable airbags, and movable ballast. A basic tool for calculating

1000-428: The boat. Care is taken not to let the boat swing all the way over and capsize on the other side, frequently with the crew on the bottom. This is more likely if the boat is not pointed into the wind. There is a wide range of technology that can be installed or strategically placed to prevent or deter a boat or ship from capsizing. The various technologies rely on inflating airbags also known as lift bags which increasing

1040-413: The car-deck is subject to the free surface effect and may cause a capsize. As a RORO ferry rolls , vehicles can break free and slide down if not firmly secured, adversely altering the ship's centre of gravity , accelerating the roll, and possibly turning an otherwise recoverable roll into a capsize. In competitive yacht racing , a capsized boat has certain special rights as it cannot maneuver. A boat

1080-409: The craft cannot assume an inverted position, or at least that a fully inverted position is not stable (i.e. it would come to a position where the mast is lying on the surface of the water, which would be preferable to fully inverted). In both cases, having a crew member lift the end of the mast out of the water may help speed the process, as the greatest challenge of righting a capsized boat is shedding

1120-464: The frigate Diamond , commanded by Captain W. Sidney Smith , but remained there only a short time before moving to the 90-gun second rate London , serving under his old commander, now Rear-Admiral John Colpoys. Dacres was promoted to commander on 10 March 1795 into the 14-gun sloop Childers . While captain of Childers Dacres captured the French Coast guard cutter Vigilante , of six guns, in

1160-423: The interior of the hull increasing the vessel's buoyancy and filling void space where water can collect, providing valuable time to remove the water, fix damage or evacuate. When larger ships such as cargo ships and tankers capsize or sink not only is recovery not possible but great environment damage can occur from spillage of cargo. Larger ships are being equipped with Surfacing System for Ship Recovery which

1200-467: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dacres&oldid=663495535 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Richard Dacres (Royal Navy officer) Sir Richard Dacres GCH (September 1761 – 22 January 1837)

1240-464: The lower hull and pulls back on the righting line. In small catamarans such as the Hobie 16 it is imperative that at least one crew member assumes this task as soon as possible as there is a chance that the boat will turtle and then become extremely difficult to recover without assistance. Some monohulls and catamarans use a small flotation device mounted at the tip of the mast or mainsail to ensure that

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1280-578: The next two years. Astrea was paid off in 1799, and Dacres was again unemployed until early 1801, when he was appointed to command of the 80-gun Juste , accompanying Sir Robert Calder in his voyage to the Caribbean, following Ganteaume's escape from Brest. On his return to England, he was appointed to the 68-gun De Ruyter , guard ship at Spithead , remaining there until the cessation of hostilities in early 1802. He then sailed to Jamaica in Desiree with

1320-402: The relevant risks posed by waves, tides, weather and occurrences such as damage and collision. In a storm, even large vessels may be rolled by being hit broadside by a large wave or swell or "pitch poled" stem over stern in extreme waves . This is normally catastrophic for larger ships, and smaller yachts can be dismasted (i.e., lose their masts and rigging ) due to the drag as the boat

1360-547: The squadron under Sir George Campbell , but ill-health soon forced him to return home. On the renewal of the war in 1803, Dacres was appointed to command of the Sea Fencibles at Dartmouth . In 1806 Sir W. Sidney Smith specifically requested Dacres join him in the Mediterranean as his flag captain aboard the 80-gun Pompee . In this role Dacres went on to see service in the amphibious operations at Calabria , leading to

1400-521: The subsequent Battle of Copenhagen , where he and the navy provided support for the besieging forces. Dacres returned from the campaign, which proved to be his last command at sea. On 2 February 1808 he was appointed the first governor of the Royal Naval Asylum after its move to Greenwich, serving there until August 1816. He was promoted to rear-admiral on 29 March 1817 on the Retired List, and

1440-435: The vessel's buoyancy with the water. There are many steps a crew can take to reduce the chance of capsizing, such as distributing the weight evenly and taking care during windy weather. Capsizing in yachts can occur when water is able to infiltrate the hull and decrease the vessels water and buoyancy leading to capsizing. Yachts can be deployed with a flotation system which is a series of strategically placed lift bags within

1480-408: The weight of the water from the sails. A helpful step, where possible (on a loose footed sail), is to disconnect the clew of the sail from the boom, which prevents the sail from scooping up water as the sail lifts out of the water. The bow of the capsized vessel should be pointed towards the wind so that when the sail starts to lift out of the water the wind can catch underneath the sail and help right

1520-468: The younger, Mary, married Lieutenant Colonel Henry Stephen Olivier in 1823. Capsizing If a capsized vessel has enough flotation to prevent sinking, it may recover on its own in changing conditions or through mechanical work if it is not stable while inverted. Vessels of this design are called self-righting . In dinghy sailing, a practical distinction can be made between being knocked down (to 90 degrees; on its beam-ends , figuratively) which

1560-594: Was an officer of the British Royal Navy who saw service during the American War of Independence , and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars . A member of a substantial naval dynasty, he eventually rose to the rank of vice admiral . Richard Dacres was born in September 1761, the fifth son of Richard and Mary Dacres, and younger brother to James Richard Dacres . The Dacres would eventually become

1600-585: Was initially given command of the hired armed brig Union ; before being appointed first lieutenant of the 74-gun Hannibal , under the command of Captain John Colpoys . With Hannibal Dacres became part of the squadron despatched under Admiral Alan Gardner to the reinforce the British possessions in the West Indies . Hannibal was put out of commission in early 1794, and he was appointed first lieutenant of

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