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39-572: Rheinpark Stadion in Vaduz is the national stadium of Liechtenstein . It plays host to home matches of the Liechtenstein national football team , and is also the home of football club FC Vaduz . It lies on the banks of the river Rhine , just metres from the border with Switzerland . Rheinpark was officially opened on 31 July 1998 with a match between FC Vaduz, the Liechtenstein Cup holders at

78-510: A majority of German states , in French communes with under 1,000 inhabitants, and in Czech municipal elections. Some ways to operate an open list system when using traditional paper-based voting are as follows: Some of these states may use other systems in addition to an open list, for example first-past-the-post in individual constituencies. Some countries use open list may only be used in one of

117-500: A mayor and municipal council. Until 1941, this consisted of the mayor, the municipal treasurer, and seven other councillors. In 1975, the municipal law was revised which extended term of the mayor and council to four years and increased the seats of Vaduz's municipal council to twelve. The system to elect the municipal council was changed to use a open list proportional representation system. In 1976, Vaduz replaced universal male suffrage with universal suffrage . Universal suffrage

156-627: A mention of the castle is made, which was sacked by the Swiss in 1499 during the Swabian War . The entire city was also destroyed. In the 17th century the Liechtenstein family was seeking a seat in the Imperial diet, the Reichstag . However, since they did not hold any territory that was directly under the Imperial throne, they were unable to meet the primary requirement to qualify. The family yearned for

195-411: A party's candidates achieve this quota than the total seats won by the party. It should therefore be made clear in advance whether list ranking or absolute votes take precedence in that case. The quota for individuals is usually specified either as a percentage of the party list quota, or as a percentage of the total votes received by the party. Example: The quota is 1000 votes and the open list threshold

234-486: A single party vote and one preference votes each on the federal, state and electoral district level for their preferred candidates within that party. The thresholds for a candidate to move up the list are 7% of the candidate's party result on the federal level, 10% on the state level and 14% on the electoral district level. Candidates for the district level are listed on the ballot while voters need to write-in their preferred candidate on state and federal level. In Croatia ,

273-599: Is a museum of modern and contemporary art, and also shows displays from the private princely Liechtenstein Collection , the main public display of which is in Vienna . The building is an architectural landmark built by the Swiss architects Morger, Degelo and Kerez. It was completed in November 2000 and forms a "black box" of tinted concrete and black basalt stone. The museum collection is also

312-674: Is on this date that Liechtenstein became a sovereign member state of the Holy Roman Empire . As testimony to the pure political expediency of the purchases, the Princes of Liechtenstein did not set foot in their new principality for over 120 years. Vaduz is located in the Oberland electoral district, and has three seats in the Landtag of Liechtenstein . Since the introduction of Liechtenstein municipal law of 1864, Vaduz has been locally administered by

351-454: Is one where a candidate must reach a full electoral quota of votes on their own to be assured of winning a seat. The total number of seats won by the party minus the number of its candidates that achieved this quota gives the number of unfilled seats. These are then successively allocated to the party's not-yet-elected candidates who were ranked highest on the party list. Iceland: In both parliamentary and municipal elections, voters may alter

390-399: Is possible, although the parties urge their voters to support the party's prime candidate, to protect them from being beaten by someone ranked lower by the party. The share of voters using the open list option at 2022 Swedish general election was 22.49%. The most-open list , fully-open list, or simply open list system is one where the number of votes for each candidate fully determines

429-408: Is specified as 25% of the quota, i.e. 250 votes. Therefore, a party which received 5000 votes wins five seats, which are awarded to its list candidates as follows: Candidates #1, #7 and #4 have each achieved 25% of the quota (250 preference votes or more). They get the first three of the five seats the party has won. The other two seats will be taken by #2 and #3, the two highest remaining positions on

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468-454: Is the home of the reigning prince of Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein princely family . The castle is visible from almost any location in Vaduz, being perched atop a steep hill in the middle of the city. The Cathedral of St. Florin , Government House and City Hall display the various styles and periods of architecture in the city. As of 2019, 5,696 people lived in Vaduz. Foreigners resident in

507-566: The Feldkirch–Buchs railway . It was opened on 24 October 1872 by agreement with Austria-Hungary and Switzerland. There have been attempts to expand the rail network to connect with Vaduz, though these have been unsuccessful. Vaduz has two primary schools: Äule Primary School, near the Vaduzer-Saal; and Ebenholz Primary School, near the University of Liechtenstein , which is also located in

546-739: The European Parliament, the procedure is identical but each voter is only allowed 2 preference votes. In Indonesia , any candidate who has obtained at least 30% of the quota is automatically elected. In the Netherlands , the voter can give their vote to any candidate in a list (for example, in elections for the House of the Representatives ); the vote for this candidate is called a "preference vote" ( voorkeurstem in Dutch). Candidates with at least 25% of

585-542: The Hohenems. Tiny Schellenberg and Vaduz possessed exactly the political status required: no feudal lord other than the Emperor. Thereby, on 23 January 1719, after the purchase had been duly made, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , decreed Vaduz and Schellenberg were united, and raised to the dignity of Fürstentum ( principality ) with the name "Liechtenstein" in honour of "[his] true servant, Anton Florian of Liechtenstein ". It

624-640: The Werdenberger-Binnenkanal bridge for motor vehicles, which was opened in 1975. Buses can be taken from Buchs, St. Gallen , Sevelen and Feldkirch into Vaduz. These buses typically run every 20 to 40 minutes and are operated by Liechtenstein Bus . Schaan-Vaduz railway station , located in Schaan, is the closest railway station to Vaduz. It is operated by the Austrian Federal Railways as part as

663-487: The added power a seat in the Imperial government would bring, and therefore sought to acquire lands that would be reichsunmittelbar , or held directly from the Holy Roman Emperor himself, without any intermediate feudal patronage. After some time, the family was able to arrange the purchase of the minuscule Herrschaft ("Lordship") of Schellenberg and the countship of Vaduz (in 1699 and 1712, respectively) from

702-400: The chambers of the legislature. Types of open list systems used in the lower house of the national legislature. 14% on the district level (among votes for the candidates party) 10% on the regional (state) level (among votes for the candidates party) (25% of the quota to override the default party-list) (up to 3 preference votes) (per constituency) (5% of the party vote to override

741-520: The city make up 42% of the population. With 67% the population is predominantly Roman Catholic , while the percentage of Catholics is significantly higher among residents with Liechtenstein nationality (81%) than among foreigner residents (47%). The largest minority religions in the city are Protestantism (10%) and Islam (8%). The National Art Gallery as well as the National Museum are located in Vaduz. The art gallery ( Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein )

780-1313: The city. Both schools have the same secretariat and administration. The school assignments of children are largely determined by their street addresses. There are four kindergarten sites, of the Kindergarten Bartlegrosch, in Vaduz. Realschule Vaduz and Oberschule Vaduz are in the Schulzentrum Mühleholz II in Vaduz. Liechtensteinisches Gymnasium is also located in Vaduz. Realschule Schaan and Sportschule Liechtenstein are in nearby Schaan. [REDACTED] Media related to Vaduz at Wikimedia Commons Iceland : Reykjavík [REDACTED] Liechtenstein : Vaduz [REDACTED] Norway : Oslo [REDACTED] Switzerland : Bern [REDACTED] Open list Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on

819-490: The list. If a candidate gathers enough preference votes, then they get a seat in parliament, even if their position on the list would leave them without a seat. In the 2003 elections Hilbrand Nawijn , the former minister of migration and integration, was elected into parliament for the Pim Fortuyn List by preference votes even though he was the last candidate on the list . In Slovakia , each voter may, in addition to

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858-466: The national art collection of Liechtenstein. The Liechtenstein National Museum is showing a permanent exhibition on the cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein as well as special exhibitions. There are also the Postage Stamp Museum and a Ski Museum. Vaduz has a kind of folksong that has been greatly influenced by Switzerland, known as Köpugeäng . Vaduz is one of the few capital cities in

897-410: The order in which a party 's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list , in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list . An open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than, or in addition to parties. Different systems give

936-525: The order of election. This system is used in all Finnish , Latvian , and Brazilian multiple-seat elections. Since 2001, lists of this "most open" type have also been used in the elections to fill the 96 proportional seats in the 242-member upper house of Japan . A "free list", more usually called panachage or mixed list, is a variant on the most open list where voters may support candidates on different lists. Candidates are typically elected using either cumulative or block plurality voting. This gives

975-567: The order of the party list or strike candidates from the list completely. How many votes need to be altered in this way to have an effect on the results varies by the number of seats won by the party in the constituency or municipality in question and the candidate's place on the list. In the parliamentary elections of 2007 and 2009 , voters altered the party lists enough to change the ranking of candidates within party lists. However, this did not affect which candidates ultimately got elected to parliament. Norway: In parliamentary elections, 50% of

1014-477: The original list order are much more common. Parties usually allow candidates to ask for preference votes, but without campaigning negatively against other candidates on the list. The members of the National Council are elected by open list proportional representation in nine multi-member constituencies based on the states (with varying in size from 7 to 36 seats) and 39 districts. Voters are able to cast

1053-462: The party list. This means that #5 is not elected even though being the fifth on the list and having more preference votes than #2. In practice, with such a strict threshold, only very few candidates succeed to precede on their lists as the required number of votes is huge. Where the threshold is lower (e.g. in Czech parliamentary elections, 5% of the total party vote is the required minimum), results defying

1092-648: The party, select one to four candidates from the ordered party list. Candidates who are selected by more than 3% of the party's voters are elected (in order of total number of votes) first and only then is the party ordering used. For European elections, voters select two candidates and the candidates must have more than 10% of the total votes to override the party list. In the European election in 2009 three of Slovakia's thirteen MEPs were elected solely by virtue of preference votes (having party-list positions too low to have won otherwise) and only one ( Katarína Neveďalová of SMER)

1131-409: The quota takes priority over the party's other candidates who stand higher on the party list but received fewer preference votes. Most people vote for the top candidate , to indicate no special preference for any individual candidate, but support for the party in general. Sometimes, however, people want to express their support for a particular person. Many women, for example, vote for the first woman on

1170-571: The stadium hosted concerts by Clueso and Herbert Grönemeyer . Vaduz The name Vaduz had been first recorded as de Faduzes . The name of the settlement, like most other towns in the Rhine Valley region, is of Romance origin. The name can be traced back to Old Rhaeto-Romance root auadutg ' aqueduct ' , which in turn evolved from the Latin aquaeductus . Vaduz is mentioned in historic 12th-century manuscripts as Faduzes . In 1322

1209-459: The summer, but in general all twelve months see some precipitation. Vaduz receives, on average, approximately 900 mm (35 in) of precipitation per year. Vaduz's warmest month, July, sees average high temperatures reach 25 °C (77 °F) while average low temperatures are about 14 °C (57 °F). The city's coldest month, January, sees average highs of 3 °C (37 °F) and average lows of −3 °C (27 °F). Vaduz Castle

Rheinpark Stadion - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-462: The time, and 1. FC Kaiserslautern , the then Bundesliga champions. 1. FC Kaiserslautern won 8–0. The stadium has a seating capacity of 5,873, with additional standing room giving it a total capacity of 7,584. The stadium cost 19 million CHF to construct. In 2006, the stadium was upgraded with the South and North grandstands gaining covers, and improvements to the training facilities. In June 2007,

1287-407: The voter can give their vote to a single candidate on the list, but only candidates who have received at least 10% of the party's votes take precedence over the other candidates on the list. In Czech parliamentary elections, voters are given 4 preference votes. Only candidates who have received more than 5% of preferential votes at the regional level take precedence over the list. For elections to

1326-536: The voter different amounts of influence to change the default ranking. The voter's candidate choices are usually called preference vote ; the voters are usually allowed one or more preference votes for the open list candidates. Open lists differ from mixed-member proportional representation , also known as "personalized proportional representation" in Germany. Some mixed systems , however, may use open lists in their list-PR component. A "relatively closed" open list system

1365-560: The voters full control over which candidates are elected, not just within a particular party, but even across them. As a result, independents are not forced to support candidates of only one party, and can support candidates across multiple lists, while still ensuring the results are ultimately proportional. It is used in elections at all levels in Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , and Switzerland , in congressional elections in Ecuador , El Salvador , and Honduras , as well as in local elections in

1404-404: The voters need to vote for a candidate in order to change the order of the party list, meaning that, in practice, it is almost impossible for voters to change the result and it is de facto a closed list system. In county elections there is a threshold of 8%. In a "more open" list system, the quota for election could be lowered from the above amount. It is then (theoretically) possible that more of

1443-831: The world to not have an airport. The closest major airport is Zurich Airport , and the closest minor airport being the St. Gallen–Altenrhein Airport . Friedrichshafen Airport also provides access to Vaduz. By car, Vaduz is directly accessible via the A13 motorway in Switzerland, or via the A14 motorway in Austria. Vaduz is connected to Switzerland over the Rhine river by the Vaduz–Sevelen footbridge  [ de ] , or

1482-416: Was elected solely by virtue of her position on the party list (having fewer preference votes than a number of other candidates who themselves, nevertheless had preferences from fewer than 10 percent of their party's voters). In Sweden , a person needs to receive 5% of the party's votes for the personal vote to overrule the ordering on the party list. Voting without expressing a preference between individuals

1521-410: Was not introduced to Liechtenstein on a national level until 1984. The incumbent mayor is Florian Meier , elected in the 2024 Vaduz mayoral by-election . Vaduz features an oceanic climate with warm summers and chilly winters. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb). The city experiences a noticeable increase in precipitation during

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