57-417: Rex Ingram may refer to: Rex Ingram (director) (1892–1950), Irish film director, producer, writer and actor Rex Ingram (actor) (1895–1969), American film and stage actor [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
114-650: A cerebral hemorrhage in North Hollywood on 21 July 1950, aged 58. He was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California . Critic Carlos Clarens wrote of Ingram: "A full-blown Irishman fascinated by the bizarre and the grotesque (he once employed a dwarf as a valet), Ingram was also a writer of some talent. Frequently pedestrian and pretentious, Ingram's films nevertheless contain splendid flashes of macabre fantasy, such as
171-538: A British nobleman and politician named Henry Peter Brougham , First Baron Brougham and Vaux, who had played an important part in the abolition of the slave trade, travelled with his unwell daughter to the south of France, intending to go to Italy. A cholera epidemic in Italy forced him to stop at Cannes , where he enjoyed the climate and scenery so much that he bought land and built a villa. He began to spend his winters there and, owing to his fame, others followed: Cannes soon had
228-403: A French businessman already operating a successful casino at Baden-Baden (southwestern Germany), to build a resort and new casino. Blanc arranged for steamships and carriages to take visitors from Nice to Monaco, and built hotels, gardens and a casino in a place called Spélugues. At the suggestion of his mother, Princess Caroline , Charles III renamed the place Monte Carlo after himself. When
285-599: A destination for international congresses and conventions. He built the Palais des Congrès at the Acropolis in Nice, and founded a Chagall Museum and a Matisse Museum at Cimiez . High-rise apartment buildings and real estate developments began to spread. At the end of August 1997, Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed spent their last days together on his father's yacht off Pampelonne Beach near Saint-Tropez , shortly before they died in
342-530: A half hours from Paris. The French Riviera has a total population of more than two million. It is home to a high tech and science park (French: technopole ) at Sophia-Antipolis (north of Antibes ) and a research and technology centre at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis . The region has 35,000 students, of whom 25 percent are working toward a doctorate. The French Riviera is a major yachting and cruising area with several marinas along its coast. According to
399-473: A popular tourist destination and convention site. Many celebrities, such as Elton John and Brigitte Bardot , have homes in the region. Officially, the French Riviera is home to 163 nationalities with 83,962 foreign residents, although estimates of the number of non-French nationals living in the area are often much higher. Its largest city is Nice , which has a population of 340,017 as of 2017. The city
456-684: A small British enclave . Robert Louis Stevenson was a later British visitor who came for his health. In 1882 he rented a villa called La Solitude at Hyères , where he wrote much of A Child's Garden of Verses . In 1864, six years after Nice became part of France following the Second Italian War of Independence the first railway was completed, making Nice and the Riviera accessible to visitors from all over Europe. One hundred thousand visitors arrived in 1865. By 1874, residents of foreign enclaves in Nice, most of whom were British, numbered 25,000. In
513-584: A winter season to a summer season. Americans began coming to the south of France in the 19th century. Henry James set part of his novel The Ambassadors on the Riviera. James Gordon Bennett Jr. , the son and heir of the founder of the New York Herald , had a villa in Beaulieu . Industrialist John Pierpont Morgan gambled at Monte Carlo and bought 18th-century paintings by Fragonard in Grasse – shipping them to
570-583: A writing career." Ingram made only one sound film: Baroud , filmed for Gaumont British Pictures in Morocco. The film was not a commercial success; he then left the movie business, returning to Los Angeles to work as a sculptor and writer. Interested in Islam as early as 1927. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, he has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1651 Vine Street. Ingram died of
627-625: Is an Italian word that originates from the ancient Ligurian territory of Italy, wedged between the Var and Magra rivers. Côte d'Azur is originally a nickname given by France to the County of Nice after its annexation in 1860, because the climate was similar to that of the north of Italy, even in winter, with "a sky as blue as its sea". When the Mistral (Northwest) and the Tramontane (North) winds are blowing in
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#1732887108817684-556: Is found in the online Larousse encyclopedia to refer to the holidays of a group of English workers (moreover, in Occitan, the word ribiera "coastline" mostly works as a common name, whereas in French, the old-fashioned term Rivière de Gênes was used to refer to the Italian Riviera whose center is Genoa ). Côte d'Azur and the French Riviera have no official boundaries. Some sources put
741-501: Is presumed to have been an outdoor religious sanctuary, having over 40,000 drawings of people and animals, dated to about 2000 BC. Beginning in the 7th century BC, Greek sailors from Phocaea in Asia Minor began to visit and then build emporia along the Côte d'Azur. Emporia were started at Olbia ( Hyères ); Antipolis ( Antibes ) and Nikaia (Nice). These settlements, which traded with
798-469: Is the centre of a métropole — Nice-Côte d'Azur —bringing together 49 communes and more than 540,000 inhabitants and 943,000 in the urban area. Nice is home to Nice Côte d'Azur Airport , France's third-busiest airport (after Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport ), which is on an area of partially reclaimed coastal land at the western end of the Promenade des Anglais . A second airport at Mandelieu
855-578: The Côte d'Azur ( IPA: [kot dazyʁ] ; Provençal : Còsta d'Azur , IPA: [ˈkwɔstɔ daˈzyʀ] ; lit. ' Azure Coast ' ), is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France . There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the Alpes-Maritimes department , extending from the rock formation Massif de l'Esterel to Menton , at
912-723: The Alma Tunnel in Paris. Places on the Côte d'Azur (following the broadest definition), following the coast from south-west to north-east, include: Some data related to tourism on the Riviera in 2006: The French Riviera is mostly subtropical, featuring a Mediterranean climate , with sunny, hot, dry summers and mild winters. Winter temperatures are moderated by the Mediterranean; days of frost are rare. The average daily low temperature in Nice in January
969-792: The Bosonids dynasty (879–1112), then by the Catalans (1112–1246), and finally by the Angevins (1246–1382, elder branch , 1382–1483 ( younger branch ). In the 13th century, another powerful political force appeared, the House of Grimaldi . Descended from a Genoese nobleman expelled from Genoa by his rivals in 1271, members of the different branches of the Grimaldis took power in Monaco , Antibes and Nice, and built castles at Grimaud , Cagnes-sur-Mer and Antibes . Albert II ,
1026-673: The France–Italy border , although some other sources place the western boundary further west around Saint-Tropez or even Toulon . The coast is entirely within the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The Principality of Monaco is a semi-enclave within the region, surrounded on three sides by France and fronting the Mediterranean. The French Riviera contains the seaside resorts of Cap-d'Ail , Beaulieu-sur-Mer , Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat , Villefranche-sur-Mer , Antibes , Juan-les-Pins , Cannes , and Theoule-sur-Mer . Riviera
1083-723: The Grotte du Vallonnet , near Roquebrune-Cap-Martin , with stones and bones of animals, including bovines, rhinoceros, and bison. At Terra Amata (380,000 to 230,000 years ago), near the Nice Port , a fireplace was discovered that is one of the oldest found in Europe. Stone dolmens , monuments from the Bronze Age , can be found near Draguignan , while the Valley of Marvels ( Vallée des Merveilles ) near Mount Bégo , at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) elevation,
1140-563: The High Command had ordered, and crumbled in days. Saint-Tropez was badly damaged by German mines at the time of the liberation. The novelist Colette organized an effort to assure the town was rebuilt in its original style. When the war ended, artists Marc Chagall and Pablo Picasso returned to live and work. The Cannes Film Festival was launched in September 1946, marking the return of French cinema to world screens. The Festival Palace
1197-558: The Languedoc and Provence areas, the temperature of the Mediterranean can be very cool in summer. This phenomenon is observed very little or not at all on the coast between the French Riviera and the Italian Riviera . This coastline was one of the first modern resort areas. It began as a winter health resort for the British upper class at the end of the 18th century. With the arrival of
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#17328871088171254-626: The Metropolitan Museum in New York. A feature of the French Riviera in the inter-war years was the Train Bleu , an all first-class sleeper train which brought wealthy passengers down from Calais . It made its first trip in 1922, and carried Winston Churchill , Somerset Maugham , and the future King Edward VIII over the years. While Europe was still recovering from the war and the American dollar
1311-747: The Western Roman Empire in the first half of the 5th century was followed by invasions of Provence by the Visigoths , the Burgundians and the Ostrogoths . There was then a long period of wars and dynastic quarrels, which in turn led to further invasions by the Saracens and the Normans in the 9th century. Some peace was restored to the coast by the establishment in 879 of a new kingdom of Provence , ruled first by
1368-474: The 4th century, and bishoprics were established: in Fréjus at the end of the 4th century, Cimiez and Vence in 439, and Antibes in 442. The oldest Christian structure still in existence on the Côte d'Azur is the baptistery of Fréjus Cathedral , built at the end of the 5th century, which also saw the founding of the first monastery in the region, Lerins Monastery on an island off the coast at Cannes. The fall of
1425-762: The Belgians. Queen Victoria was a frequent visitor. In 1882 she stayed in Menton , and in 1891 spent several weeks at the Grand Hotel at Grasse . In 1892 she stayed at the Hotel Cost-belle in Hyères . In successive years from 1895 to 1899 she stayed in Cimiez in the hills above Nice. First, in 1895 and 1896, she patronised the Grand Hôtel, while in later years she and her staff took over
1482-538: The Club Nautique, a private club on the Croisette , the fashionable seafront boulevard of Cannes. He visited there each spring for a two-month period, observing yacht races from shore while the royal yacht, Britannia , was sailed by professional crewmen. After he became King in 1901, he never again visited the French Riviera. By the end of the 19th century the Côte d'Azur began to attract artistic painters, who appreciated
1539-465: The Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency, each year the Riviera hosts 50 percent of the world's superyacht fleet, with 90 percent of all superyachts visiting the region's coast at least once in their lifetime. As a tourist centre, the French Riviera benefits from 310 to 330 days of sunshine per year, 115 kilometres (71 miles) of coastline and beaches, 18 golf courses, 14 ski resorts and 3,000 restaurants. The term French Riviera comes by analogy with
1596-508: The Night . While Americans were largely responsible for making summer the high season, a French fashion designer, Coco Chanel , made sunbathing fashionable. She acquired a striking tan during the summer of 1923, and tans then became the fashion in Paris. During the abdication crisis of the British Monarchy in 1936, Wallis Simpson , the intended bride of King Edward VIII , was staying at
1653-464: The Right . It is believed the two were romantically involved. Ingram and Mathis had begun to grow distant when her new find, Rudolph Valentino , began to overshadow Ingram's own fame. Their relationship ended when Ingram eloped with Alice Terry in 1921. Ingram married twice, first to actress Doris Pawn in 1917; this ended in divorce in 1920. He then married Alice Terry in 1921, with whom he remained for
1710-820: The Villa Lou Viei in Cannes, talking with the King by telephone each day. After his abdication, the Duke of Windsor (as he became) and his new wife stayed at the Villa La Croë on the Cap d'Antibes . The English playwright and novelist Somerset Maugham also became a resident in 1926, buying the Villa La Mauresque toward the tip of Cap Ferrat , near Nice. When Germany invaded France in June 1940,
1767-440: The amphitheatre and baths at Cimiez , above Nice, and the amphitheatre, Roman walls and other remains at Fréjus . Roman Provence reached the height of its power and prosperity during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. In the mid-3rd century, Germanic peoples began to invade the region, and Roman power weakened. In the same period, Christianity started to become a powerful force in the region. The first cathedrals were built in
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1824-501: The attention of the British aristocracy with Travels through France and Italy , written in 1765. At about the same time, a Scottish doctor, John Brown , became famous for prescribing what he called climato-therapy, a change in climate, to cure a variety of diseases including tuberculosis , known then as consumption. The French historian Paul Gonnet wrote that, as a result, Nice was filled with "a colony of pale and listless English women and listless sons of nobility near death". In 1834,
1881-582: The climate, the bright colors and clear light. Among them were Auguste Renoir , who settled in Cagnes-sur-Mer and in Mougins , Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso . The First World War brought down many of the royal houses of Europe and altered the nature and the calendar of the French Riviera. Following the war, greater numbers of Americans began arriving, with business moguls and celebrities eventually outnumbering aristocrats. The 'High Society' scene moved from
1938-562: The current Prince of Monaco , is a descendant of the Grimaldis. In 1388, the city of Nice and its surrounding territory, from the mouth of the Var to the Italian border, were separated from Provence and came under the protection of the House of Savoy . The territory was called the Comté de Nice after 1526, and thereafter its language, history and culture were separate from those of Provence until 1860, when it
1995-510: The entire west wing of the Excelsior Hôtel Régina, which had been designed with her needs specifically in mind (part of which later became the home and studio of the renowned artist Henri Matisse ). She travelled with an entourage of between sixty and a hundred, including chef, ladies in waiting, dentist, Indian servants, her own bed and her own food. The Prince of Wales was a regular visitor to Cannes, starting in 1872. He frequented
2052-610: The inhabitants of the interior, became rivals of the Etruscans and Phoenicians , who also visited the Côte d'Azur. In 8 BC, the Emperor Augustus built an imposing trophy monument at La Turbie (the Trophy of the Alps or Trophy of Augustus) to mark the pacification of the region. Roman towns, monuments and amphitheatres were built along the Côte d'Azur and many still survive, such as
2109-475: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rex_Ingram&oldid=1053845837 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rex Ingram (director) Rex Ingram (born Reginald Ingram Montgomery Hitchcock ; 15 January 1893 – 21 July 1950)
2166-574: The mid-19th century, British and French entrepreneurs began to see the potential of promoting tourism along the Côte d'Azur. At the time, gambling was illegal in France and Italy. In 1856, the Prince of Monaco , Charles III , began constructing a casino in Monaco, which was called a health spa to avoid criticism by the church. The casino was a failure, but in 1863 the Prince signed an agreement with François Blanc ,
2223-456: The new class of wealthy international travellers called the jet set . The marriage of American film actress Grace Kelly to Prince Rainier of Monaco on 18 April 1956, attracted world attention once again. It was viewed on television by 30 million people. During the 1960s, the Mayor of Nice, Jacques Médecin , decided to reduce the dependence of the Riviera on ordinary tourism, and to make it
2280-524: The production of flowers for perfume (manufactured in Grasse ). A new phase began when the coast became a fashionable health resort for the British upper class in the late 18th century. The first British traveller to describe its benefits was the novelist Tobias Smollett , who visited Nice in 1763 when it was still an Italian city within the Kingdom of Sardinia. Smollett brought Nice and its warm winter climate to
2337-578: The railway in the mid-19th century, it became the playground and vacation spot of British, Russian, and other aristocrats, such as Queen Victoria , Tsar Alexander II and King Edward VII , when he was Prince of Wales . In the summer, it also played home to many members of the Rothschild family . In the first half of the 20th century, it was frequented by artists and writers, including Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , Francis Bacon , Edith Wharton , Somerset Maugham and Aldous Huxley , as well as wealthy Americans and Europeans. After World War II , it became
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2394-404: The railway reached Monte Carlo in 1870, many thousands of visitors began to arrive and the population of the principality of Monaco doubled. The French Riviera soon became a popular destination for European royalty. Just days after the railway reached Nice in 1864, Tsar Alexander II of Russia visited on a private train, followed soon afterwards by Napoleon III and then Leopold II , the King of
2451-408: The remaining British colony was evacuated to Gibraltar and eventually to Britain. American Jewish groups helped some of the Jewish artists living in the south of France, such as Marc Chagall , to escape to the United States. In August 1942, 600 Jews from Nice were rounded up by French police and sent to Drancy , and eventually to death camps . In all about 5,000 French Jews from Nice perished during
2508-498: The rest of his life. Both marriages were childless. He and Terry relocated to the French Riviera in 1923. They formed a small studio in Nice and made several films on location in North Africa, Spain, and Italy, for MGM and others. Among those who worked for Ingram at MGM on the Riviera during this period was the young Michael Powell , who later directed (with Emeric Pressburger ) The Red Shoes and other classics, and technician Leonti Planskoy . By Powell's own account, Ingram
2565-422: The ride of the Four Horsemen in the Valentino epic, or the 'ghoul visions' that bring about the death of the miser in The Conquering Power . His more or less mystical bent was apparent in Mare Nostrum and The Garden of Allah , which he filmed in the Mediterranean and North Africa, respectively." Ingram's complete filmography as a director: French Riviera The French Riviera , known in French as
2622-411: The term Italian Riviera , which extends east of the French Riviera (from Ventimiglia to La Spezia ). As early as the 19th century, the British referred to the region as the Riviera or the French Riviera , usually referring to the eastern part of the coast, between Monaco and the Italian border. Riviera is an Italian noun which means "coastline". The name Côte d'Azur was given to the coast by
2679-428: The war. Following D-Day in Normandy, Operation Dragoon (initially Operation Anvil), the code name for the Allied invasion of Southern France, commenced on 15 August 1944, when American parachute troops landed near Fréjus, and a fleet landed 60,000 troops of the American Seventh Army and French First Army between Cavalaire and Agay , east of Saint-Raphaël . German resistance was not as fanatical as Hitler and
2736-506: The western boundary at Saint-Tropez . Others include Saint Tropez, Hyères or Toulon in the Var (departement) , or as far as Cassis in the Bouches-du-Rhône departement. In her 1955 novel, The Talented Mr. Ripley , Patricia Highsmith describes the Riviera as including all of the coast between Toulon and the Italian border. The region of the French Riviera has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Primitive tools dating to between 1,000,000 and 1,050,000 years ago were discovered in
2793-603: The writer Stéphen Liégeard in his book, La Côte d’azur , published in December 1887. Liégeard was born in Dijon , in the French department of Côte-d'Or , and adapted that name by substituting the azure colour of the Mediterranean for the gold of Côte-d'Or. In Occitan ( Niçard and Provençal ) and French , the only usual names are Còsta d'Azur in Occitan and Côte d'Azur in French. A term like "French Riviera" ( Ribiera Francesa in Occitan, Riviera Française in French) would only be used in literal translation, or adaptations of it. For instance, in French, "Riviera Française"
2850-582: Was a major influence on him, especially in regard to the themes of illusion, dreaming, magic and the surreal. David Lean said he was indebted to Ingram. MGM studio chief Dore Schary listed the top creative people in Hollywood as D. W. Griffith , Ingram, Cecil B. DeMille and Erich von Stroheim (in declining order of importance). Carlos Clarens writes: "As Rex Ingram's films became more esoteric, his career declined. The coming of sound forced him to relinquish his studios in Nice. Rather than equip them for talking pictures, he chose instead to travel and pursue
2907-484: Was an Irish film director, producer, writer, and actor. Director Erich von Stroheim once called him "the world's greatest director". Born 15 January 1893 in 58 Grosvenor Square , Rathmines, Dublin , Ireland, (where a plaque commemorates his birth), Ingram was educated at Saint Columba's College, near Rathfarnham , County Dublin . He spent much of his adolescence living in the Old Rectory, Kinnitty , Birr, County Offaly , where his father, Reverend Francis Hitchcock,
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#17328871088172964-401: Was built in 1949 on the site of the old Cercle Nautique, where the Prince of Wales had met his mistresses in the late 19th century. The release of the French film Et Dieu… créa la femme ( And God Created Woman ) in November 1956 was a major event for the Riviera, making an international star of Brigitte Bardot , and making an international tourist destination of Saint-Tropez, particularly for
3021-452: Was in 1916 on the romantic drama The Great Problem . He worked for Edison Studios , Fox Film Corporation , Vitagraph Studios , and then MGM , directing mainly action or supernatural films. He moved to Metro in 1920, where he was under the supervision of executive June Mathis . Mathis and Ingram would go on to make four films together: Hearts Are Trumps , The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , The Conquering Power , and Turn to
3078-420: Was once the region's commercial airport, but is now mainly used by private and business aircraft. The A8 autoroute runs through the region, as does the old main road generally known as the Route nationale 7 (officially now DN7 in Var and D6007 in Alpes-Maritimes ). High-speed trains serve the coastal region and inland to Grasse , with the TGV Sud-Est service reaching Nice-Ville station in five and
3135-472: Was re-attached to France under Napoleon III . Provence retained its formal independence until 1480, when the last Comte de Provence , René I of Naples , died and left the Comté to his nephew, Charles du Maine , who in turn left it to Louis XI of France . In 1486, Provence formally became part of France. Until the end of the 18th century, the area later known as the Côte d'Azur was a remote and impoverished region, known mostly for fishing, olive groves and
3192-633: Was strong, American writers and artists started arriving on the Côte d'Azur. Edith Wharton wrote The Age of Innocence (1920) at a villa near Hyères , winning the Pulitzer Prize for the novel (the first woman to do so). Dancer Isadora Duncan frequented Cannes and Nice, but died in 1927 when her scarf caught in a wheel of the Amilcar motor car in which she was a passenger and strangled her. The writer F. Scott Fitzgerald first visited with his wife Zelda in 1924, stopping at Hyères, Cannes and Monte Carlo – eventually staying at Saint-Raphaël , where he wrote much of The Great Gatsby and began Tender Is
3249-488: Was the Church of Ireland rector. Ingram emigrated to the United States in 1911. His brother Francis joined the British Army and fought during World War I, during which he was awarded the Military Cross . Ingram studied sculpture at the Yale University School of Art, where he contributed to campus humour magazine The Yale Record . He soon moved into film, first taking acting work in 1913 and then writing, producing and directing. His first work as producer-director
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