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Reutlingen University

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Reutlingen University (in German Hochschule Reutlingen ; formerly FHTW Reutlingen ) is a university of applied sciences , involved in education and research. It is located in Reutlingen in the southern German state of Baden-Württemberg . Enrollment stands at about 5,500 students, a quarter of whom are international and exchange students. Reutlingen University has a long tradition as a second home for international students; over a quarter of the students currently registered come from countries outside Germany. The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the main fields of International Business, Engineering, Information, Medical and Natural Science and Design. In contrast to common university structures, the orientation of the faculties is less the result of the sciences located there. It rather results from their industry driven specialization. The five schools of Reutlingen University are the School of Applied Chemistry, ESB Business School , the School of Information Technology, the School of Engineering and the School of Textiles & Design. Top Five placements in various rankings and its reputation amongst industry and commerce has made it one of Germany's most prestigious universities of applied sciences.

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67-420: Reutlingen University's campus sits on the southwestern edge of Reutlingen , close to recreation and sport areas (including the city football stadium). Two bus lines serve the campus, and the town center is a 20-minute walk away. Two neighborhood centers are each a five-minute walk from campus and the dormitories, featuring shopping centers, banks, and doctors. The history of Reutlingen University goes back to

134-647: A $ 1.2 billion class-action against Bosch and Continental AG in the United States after VW was forced to reduce production due to a lack of automotive microchips. On January 26, 2021, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed that Bosch won on all claims. In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon. In June 2021, Bosch christened its newly built semiconductor manufacturing plant in which it invested $ 1.2 billion, its largest-ever spending on

201-518: A castle on top of the Achalm , one of the largest mountains in Reutlingen district (about 706 m). One of the towers of this castle was rebuilt in the 19th century and is open to visitors. The name Reutlingen was first mentioned in writing in the so-called Bempflingen Treaty (German: Bempflinger Vertrag ) which is dated approximately 1089–90. Reutlingen's earliest documented mention dates back to 1089 in

268-722: A large number of programs for international business which do not lead to academic degrees. Most of these courses are taught or supervised by the teaching staff of the ESB Reutlingen . The Export-Akademie consists of the following departments: SEFEX (Seminars for the Exporting Industry), ZIM (a certificate course for export managers), OBS (a retraining program by the Otto Benecke Trust), and IMI (the International Management Institute). SEFEX (Seminars for

335-426: A number of specialized databases, 10,000 e-journals, and 4000 ebooks can be accessed on the campus network. The library also provides space for independent study for about 90 readers. The main holdings of older material are literature on textile-related subjects from the 19th to the first half of the 20th century, books that are held by few other German libraries. The textile collection is kept up to this day, though

402-797: A resident professor to teach and facilitate the program. The Amsterdam Fashion Academy ( Oosteinde 1 , Amsterdam, the Netherlands) has entered into a student exchange partnership with the Fakultät Textil & Design / School of Textiles & Design Hochschule Reutlingen / Reutlingen University. The International Office ( German Akademisches Auslandsamt ) is the major link in Reutlingen for domestic and international students, as well as for academic staff, regarding exchange programs and cooperation agreements with foreign universities and institutions. In addition to its core activities, such as creating and maintaining new study-abroad opportunities for students,

469-850: A sales office for Bosch goods in Calcutta, India. In the years that followed, Bosch concluded contracts in Asia with sales partners in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and what is now Indonesia, for example, and on the American continents with partners in Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. In the 1920s, Bosch expanded its product range to include numerous automotive technology products that were required for cars in everyday use: electric horn (1921), windshield wipers (1926), and direction indicators ("trafficator", 1927). In 1927, Bosch launched injection pumps for diesel. Bosch bought

536-694: A secret plant for the entire electrical equipment of tanks, tractors, and trucks of the Wehrmacht was built. In 1944, 4,290 men and women worked in the Trillke factory, 2,019 of whom were forced laborers, prisoners of war, and military internees. During the Second World War , there were at least 3,000 workers at the mechanics division at the Bosch Hildesheim plant, almost all of them from nearby occupied countries; there were only 200 recorded German workers. In

603-513: A single project. In April 2022, Bosch announced to acquire Five.ai, an autonomous driving startup. in April 2022, Bosch announced it had acquired the Dresden -based MEMS micro speaker producer, Arioso Systems. The company will form part of Bosch Sensortec GmbH. In July 2022, Bosch said the company is looking to invest approximately 3 billion euros into its semiconductor chip production and R&D over

670-696: A supplier of an ignition system. In 1902, the chief engineer at Bosch, Gottlob Honold , unveiled the high-voltage magneto ignition system with spark plug . In 1901, Bosch opened its first factory in Stuttgart. In 1906, the company produced its 100,000th magneto. In the same year, Bosch introduced the eight-hour day for workers. In 1910, the Feuerbach plant was founded and built close to Stuttgart. In this factory, Bosch started to produce generators and headlights "Bosch-Light" in 1914. The system had been presented in 1913. The onset of motorization in road traffic meant that

737-512: A tributary of the Neckar , flows through the city centre. Along with the old university town of Tübingen (about 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west), Reutlingen is the centre of the Neckar-Alb region. It is also part of the larger Stuttgart Metropolitan Region . The first settlements in the area are believed to date from the 4th or 5th century. Some time around 1030, Count Egino started to build

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804-586: A whole. It works to a large extent with the study materials of the part-time MBA program of the European School of Business . There are no formal prerequisites for participation in this program. On successful completion, participants are awarded a certificate. Under certain circumstances, participants in the program can go on to study at the Distance Learning University of Switzerland , where they can earn an academic degree. The OBS program

871-898: Is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung , a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business. Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control ) and energy and building technology. In terms of revenue, Bosch

938-654: Is a business retraining program for economists and engineers who have come to Germany from the ex- Soviet Union . These migrants have completed an academic degree and have work experience which is often very different from what is usual in the German market. The aim of the OBS courses is to remove these obstacles and to adapt the participants to professional requirements in Germany. To achieve this, it also includes trainee programs in German companies. IMI (the International Management Institute)

1005-698: Is a central meeting point on campus. In addition to coffee and soft drinks, there is a wide range of small snacks, as well as warm dishes and salads during weekday lunchtime. The same building also houses a bookstore and a branch office of the health insurance company AOK, which provides student insurance. The Student Office ( German Studierendenbüro ) is a central office for student services, including help with accommodation, changes of address, international student ID cards, sports on campus, reduced ticket prices for local events and sports, and so on. Reutlingen Reutlingen ( German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔʏtlɪŋən] ; Swabian : Reitlenga )

1072-479: Is a city in Baden-Württemberg , Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen . As of June 2018, it has an estimated population of 116,456. Reutlingen has a university of applied sciences , which was founded in 1855, originally as a weavers' school. Today, Reutlingen is home to an established textile industry and also houses machinery, leather goods and steel manufacturing facilities. It has

1139-552: Is an internationally friendly school with over 200 university cooperations worldwide. Classes are generally taught in German; however, in some Bachelor programs and in the Master's programs classes are taught in English. Reutlingen is twinned with: Unincorporated: Gutsbezirk Münsingen Robert Bosch GmbH Robert Bosch GmbH ( / b ɒ ʃ / ; German: [bɔʃ] ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH ),

1206-459: Is both a market and a manufacturing location for Bosch. In 2012, Bosch had 34,000 employees and a revenue of 41.7 billion Yuan (about 5 billion Euro) in China. In 2020, Bosch funded the creation of a report entitled Decarbonising Road Transport: There Is No Silver Bullet , which contained disputed information about the environmental performance of electric vehicles . In January 2021, Volkswagen filed

1273-440: Is designed for managers and specialists from Eastern Europe and from emerging and developing countries. It provides these people with further training in international business and assists in setting up international business academies in these countries. IMI takes on contracts from a number of German and international organizations. The university maintains over 100 partnership and cooperation agreements with universities around

1340-517: Is facilitated by the Protestant and Catholic churches. The University's Computing Center ( German Rechenzentrum ) operates a series of central servers and a large number of computer labs via a high-speed gigabit network. Altogether, approximately 1600 networked workstations are available to students on campus, as well as campus-wide wireless access. The University Library holds around 200,000 books and 350 regular periodicals . In addition,

1407-488: Is still visible today. During World War II , the wings of the V-1 flying bomb were manufactured in Reutlingen, making the city the target of several allied bombing raids. The reconstruction of Reutlingen and its democratization is closely linked to the name Oskar Kalbfells, who was the first democratically elected mayor of the city to shape Reutlingen's political history until 1973 after World War II . In 1947 Reutlingen came to

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1474-576: Is the largest automotive supplier . Moreover, it is the biggest supplier of the services in the world. The company started in a backyard in Stuttgart-West as the Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik (Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering) on 15 November 1886. The next year Bosch presented a low voltage magneto for gas engines. From 1897, Bosch started installing magneto ignition devices into automobiles and became

1541-481: Is the largest of the five schools. The main fields for research and teaching are business administration, foreign trade, business engineering and business development. Since 2019 ESB Business School has been accredited by the AACSB for one of the highest international quality standards. Thereby, ESB Business School belongs to the world's best five percent of all business schools. Since 2013 it has been accredited by FIBAA ,

1608-603: The Bundeswehr (Federal Defense of Germany). Since 2012, Hendrik Brumme is President of Reutlingen University, succeeding his predecessor Peter Nieß und Wolfgang Hiller. Since 2019, Alexander Leisner is chancellor and hence head of administration. The University's President is elected by the University Advisory Board, which is responsible for the development and competitiveness of the University. Moreover, it supervises

1675-618: The Dieselgate scandal. The majority of Bosch Group businesses are grouped into the following four business sectors. The Mobility Solutions business sector accounts for 60 percent of total sales in 2019. Its main areas of activity are injection technology and powertrain peripherals for internal-combustion engines, powertrain electrification, steering systems, safety and driver-assistance systems, infotainment technology as well as vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, repair-shop concepts, and technology and services for

1742-455: The Drive and Control Technology division , whose products include customized drive, control, and linear motion for factory automation, plant construction and engineering, and mobile machinery. The second division, Packaging Technology, provides process and packaging for the pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs industries. Its range includes stand-alone machines, systems, and services. In the early 2000s, it

1809-575: The European Union , are carried out in cooperation with industry - in particular with small- and medium-size enterprises . By this means the institutes make contributions to the innovative ability of German industry and provide topical relevance to students. Research is focused mainly in the following areas: Institute for Applied Research (IAF) Institute for Applied Research in Automation (IFA) ESB-Research Institute The Export-Akademie offers

1876-1021: The Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg with space for Reutlingen University's technology departments. The degree course in Electronic Engineering began in 1989. The degree courses, Mechatronics and Media/Communication Information Technology , opened their doors in 2003. In full accordance with European agreements , all degree courses switched in 2003 to internationally recognized Bachelor's and Master's qualifications. Today, Reutlingen University comprises five schools with international accreditation: School of Applied Chemistry (AC, Angewandte Chemie), ESB Business School (ESB), School of Information Technology (INF, Informatik), School of Engineering (TEC, Technik) and School of Textiles & Design (TD, Textil & Design). It has over 200 partner universities worldwide and offers 16 Bachelor's degrees and 23 Master's degrees, including MBA's for officers of

1943-518: The Roseville -headquartered silicon carbide (SiC) power device manufacturer, TSI Semiconductors. In July 2024, Bosch announced the acquisition of Johnson Controls ' heating and air conditioning operations for $ 8 billion. In 2006, Volkswagen executives asked Bosch for help in developing software for their emission defeat devices. Volkswagen is one of Bosch's biggest customers. Volkswagen engineers provided detailed specifications to Bosch, which wrote

2010-520: The automotive aftermarket . Particular strategic priorities for the sector include transforming the powertrain and expanding the business in the areas of electrification, automated driving , new electrical and electronic architectures for vehicles, accessing adjacent market segments, and developing additional services. The new Powertrain Solutions division was formed effective 1 January 2018, in order to develop powertrain technology products, regardless of

2077-549: The Bempflingen Treaty, which was an inheritance agreement between Zwiefalten Monastery and the descendants of the Achalm Count. In 1180, Reutlingen was given market privileges by Frederick Barbarossa. The settlement of Reutlingen was likely concentrated around the present-day Katharinenstraße and Untere Wilhelmstraße due to strategic considerations. Around 1180, Reutlingen received market rights and, between 1220 and 1240 it

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2144-748: The European School of Business (ESB) name. Today, ESB Business School ranks among the top business schools in Germany. Today's Building 2, home to the School of Applied Chemistry , opened in 1983, and in 1984, the first students entered Automation Technology and Business Information Science classes. The same year, the Export Academy Baden-Württemberg was founded at the university with a postgraduate degree course in International Marketing. The largest building on campus opened in 1987 by

2211-547: The Exporting Industry) offers seminars over one or several days on special aspects of international business. These are specially designed to meet the needs of small- to medium-size enterprises . University teachers with international experience organize the seminars and deal with the fundamental principles. External lecturers from the business world guarantee a practical orientation and up-to-date information. ZIM offers systematic part-time training for professionals in international trade. The program can be taken in part or as

2278-809: The Industrial Museum of Reutlingen. In 1979, the European Study Program for Business Management ( ESB ), with its partner schools Middlesex University in London and NEOMA Business School Reims , enrolled its first students. With this new program, Reutlingen University became the first partner institution for double degrees in Germany. With its internationalization strategy, Reutlingen University increased its global reputation. In mid-2008, Reutlingen University merged all three of its business schools ( European School of Business , School of International Business , and Production Management) into one school under

2345-614: The Industrial Technology business sector since the start of 2018. In January 2020, Bosch Packaging Technology became Syntegon The Consumer Goods business sector contributed some 23 percent of total Bosch Group sales in 2019. Its Power Tools division is a supplier of power tools, power tool accessories, and measuring technology. In addition to power tools such as hammer drills , cordless screwdrivers, and jigsaws , its products also include gardening equipment such as lawnmowers , hedge trimmers , and high-pressure cleaners . One of

2412-848: The International Office coordinates events such as study-related excursions and company visits, field trips, cinema and international evenings, and receptions. The services offered by the International Office include the following: The Protestant and Catholic Student Ministry (ekhg) offers workshops about how to develop and improve the social skills one needs when studying, in one's career, and in one's private life. They attempt to find and live by modern forms of Christian faith, and offer help and advice on both academic and personal matters. The ekhg supports student groups and initiatives, offers help, advice, and companionship in emergencies and personal crises, and arranges contact with German families for foreign students and faculty members. The ekhg

2479-585: The Nazi authorities. In 1937, Bosch AG became a limited liability company ( GmbH ). The Bosch subsidiary Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH (DLMG) in Kleinmachnow employed around 5,000 people, more than half of whom were forced laborers , prisoners of war, and female concentration camp prisoners, including many women from the Warsaw Uprising . They had to produce accessories for German Luftwaffe aircraft. In Hildesheim,

2546-651: The Robert Bosch Centre for Power Electronics (rbz), a research and teaching cooperation between Robert Bosch GmbH , Reutlingen University and the University of Stuttgart . The School of Textiles & Design represents the oldest department (since 1855) and the historical origin of Reutlingen University. About 690 of the over 5.000 students at Reutlingen University are enrolled here. Thematically, researching and teaching concentrates on textile technology, fashion, retail and design. The faculty includes affiliates such as

2613-560: The School of Weaving established in 1855 by the Kingdom of Württemberg , the city of Reutlingen, and the textile industry. The school was renamed in 1891 and became the Royal College of Technology for Textile Industry (German: Königlich Württembergisches Technikum für Textilindustrie), a technical college for spinning, weaving, and knitting. After the end of monarchy in 1918, the college received state recognition and changed its name once more to

2680-616: The State College of Technology (German: Staatliches Technikum). Two years later, the State Testing and Examination Authority for Textiles was founded in Reutlingen. In 1967, Mechanical Engineering was added to the State College of Technology, and in 1971, the College received official recognition as a Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences). In the Department of Business Studies,

2747-474: The United States $ 327.5 million as compensation for its role in devising the software. Bosch also provided emissions software for Fiat Chrysler's 3.0 L V6 diesel engine used in 100,000 model year 2014–2016 Grand Cherokee SUVs and Ram Trucks and agreed to pay affected consumers $ 27.5 million as part of a broader settlement in January 2019. In May 2019, Bosch paid another $ 100 million fine for its connection to

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2814-766: The city; the League landed a crushing blow, conquering Württemberg and selling it to Charles V . In 1495 and 1516 the Jews were exiled from the city. As a result of such struggles, Reutlingen became an Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire , free from allegiance to the Duke of Württemberg . In 1530, Reutlingen's city council signed the Augsburg Confession , and in 1580 and the Formula of Concord, key documents of Lutheranism . In 1803, in

2881-469: The company grew very rapidly after 1900. While Bosch had a workforce of 45 in 1901, it had grown to more than 1,000 by 1908. In 1913, Bosch founded an apprentice workshop in order to recruit qualified young people for the production of automotive electrics. Bosch's international development began in 1898 with the opening of a branch in London, followed the next year by Paris, Vienna, and Budapest. By 1909, Bosch

2948-595: The decision making process through Senator mandates, seats in the school councils or as appointed members of academic commissions. Furthermore, a so-called AStA and the constituted student body engage in improving the students' study conditions and supporting student initiatives. About 500 students study at the School of Applied Chemistry (AC). Research and teaching are focusing the fields of medical technology, environmental protection, food, automotive, plastics and electronics. With about 2500 students (of which about 30 percent come from abroad), ESB Business School (ESB)

3015-700: The division's focal points is convenient, high-performance cordless tools, and increasingly also web-enabled tools and services. Overlapping with its mobility interests, it provides traction motors for electric bicycles with sophisticated control systems. The Consumer Goods business sector also includes BSH Hausgeräte GmbH, which offers a broad range of modern, energy-efficient, and increasingly connected household appliances. Its products range from washing machines and tumble dryers through refrigerators and freezers, stoves and ovens, and dishwashers, to small appliances such as vacuum cleaners , coffee makers , and food processors . Brands in this sector include: In 2019,

3082-533: The electric hydraulic brake, common rail fuel injection with piezo-injectors, digital car radio with a disc drive, and the cordless screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery in 2003. In 2004, Bosch bought Sigpack Systems from SIG . Bosch received the Deutsche Zukunftspreis (German Future Prize) from the German president in 2005 and 2008. A new development center was planned in 2008 in Renningen . In 2014,

3149-509: The emphasis has shifted from textile technology to fashion design and textile marketing. Further important subjects are economics, educational studies, psychology, computer science, natural sciences, and German language and literature. Building 1 (Betriebshalle) houses a unique and comprehensive array of textile machinery used for teaching purposes. The large laboratories for Mechanical Engineering and Chemistry are also located in this building. The Mensa ( Refectory and Cafeteria )

3216-509: The energy source. The new division resulted from the merger of the former Gasoline Systems and Diesel Systems divisions. It offers products for powertrain technology, from gasoline and diesel direct injection to electrified powertrains with battery systems and, in the future, it will offer fuel-cell technologies as well. Brands within this sector include: In the 2019 business year, the Industrial Technology business sector generated roughly 10 percent of total Bosch Group sales. The sector includes

3283-523: The first course in International Business began. A year later, the business course Production Management enrolled its first students. Work began on the new Hohbuch campus in 1975, and the university moved there in 1977. The old buildings in the center of town were handed over to the police force, and parts of the original equipment from the Weaving School and other documentation were placed in

3350-455: The first departments moved to the new center, while the remaining departments followed in 2015. In 2006, Bosch acquired Telex Communications and Electro-Voice . In 2009, Bosch invested about 3.6 billion Euro in development and research. Approximately 3900 patents are published per year. In addition to increasing energy efficiency by employing renewable energies, the company plans to invest in new areas such as biomedical engineering . China

3417-935: The gas appliances production from Junkers & Co. in 1932, as a part of a diversification strategy. In 1932, the company developed its first electric drill and presented its first car radio. In 1933, Bosch presented its first electric refrigerator for private households. In late 1933 negotiations between Robert Bosch AG and the Nazi Party began on relocating parts of armaments production to Germany's interior. Bosch founded two such alternative plants in 1935 and 1937: Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH in Kleinmachnow near Berlin and Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie GmbH (later Trillke-Werke GmbH) in Hildesheim . Both plants were used exclusively for armament production. These "shadow factories" were built under great secrecy and in close cooperation with

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3484-603: The last years of the war, no new German tank ever drove without the starter elements from the Bosch factory in Hildesheim. Bosch also had a monopoly position in the outfitting of German Luftwaffe aircraft. During the war, production was further decentralized, Bosch produced in an ever larger number of factories, and relocated parts of its production to 213 plants in more than 100 locations. In 2001, Bosch acquired Mannesmann Rexroth AG , which they later renamed to Bosch Rexroth AG . In

3551-636: The management of the President’s Office and deals with further matters concerning its own management, such as the election of the President or decisions about its structure and development plan. The Chairman of the University Advisory Board is Christoph Kübel, Managing Director and Director of Industrial Relations of Robert Bosch GmbH . The schools are organized decentrally and directed by Faculty Deans, who are elected by their respective school council. Students have an institutionalized right to participate in

3618-556: The narrowest street in the world, Spreuerhofstraße (width 31 cm). Reutlingen is located about 35 km (22 mi) south of the State capital of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart . It lies in the Southwest corner of Germany, right next to the Swabian Jura , and that is why it is often called The gateway to the Swabian Jura (German: Das Tor zur Schwäbischen Alb ). The Echaz river,

3685-554: The necessary code. Bosch was apparently concerned about the legality of the software and asked Volkswagen to assume responsibility if the fraud was discovered, but Volkswagen refused. Starting in 2008, Bosch supplied approximately 17 million motor control and mixture control devices containing illegal software to various manufacturers both domestically and globally. With such software, the automobiles fitted with Bosch's devices emitted more nitrogen oxides than allowed under regulations. On 1 February 2017, Bosch agreed to pay consumers in

3752-532: The newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern , which merged with the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952. On 24 July 2016 a Syrian killed a pregnant woman in a machete attack . City buses are run by Reutlinger Stadtverkehr (RSV), while trains from Reutlingen Hauptbahnhof and Reutlingen West, -Sondelfingen and Reutlingen-Betzingen are run by Deutsche Bahn and Abellio Rail Baden-Württemberg . On Mutscheltag (the first Thursday after Epiphany ), townspeople gather in halls and homes to play games of dice,

3819-411: The next four years. They will be opening two new facilities for manufacturing a computer chip development in the cities of Dresden and Reutlingen. Chairman Stefan Hartung said the company is not interested in building cutting-edge semiconductor facilities but focuses on 40 and 200-nanometer chips used in the automotive industry . In September 2023, it was announced Bosch had completed the acquisition of

3886-424: The programme "International Management Double Degree" with premium seal. With 860 students, the School of Information Technology (INF) is the third largest faculty at the university. The study programs concentrate on scientific areas related to digitisation and digitalization. At Reutlingen University, around 1140 students study at the School of Engineering (TEC). The faculty's research activities are supported by

3953-409: The research laboratory F+TRC (Fashion and Textile Research Center) and an extensive machinery park with laboratories. The faculty owns the world's most extensive collection of historically significant fabrics (approx. 900 objects). Applied research and development are carried out in several institutes on campus. Research and development projects supported by state and federal ministries, and also by

4020-519: The same year, the company opened a new testing center in Vaitoudden, close to Arjeplog in north Sweden. A new developing center in Abstatt , Germany followed in 2004. In 2002, Bosch acquired Philips CSI, which at the time was manufacturing a broad range of professional communication and security products and systems including CCTV , congress, and public address systems. In the 2000s the company developed

4087-411: The wake of the French Revolutionary Wars , Reutlingen lost its independence in the German Mediatisation , being restored to Württemberg . The worst disaster in the history of Reutlingen happened in 1726, when a major fire swept through the city, destroying 80% of all residential houses and almost all public buildings, and making 1,200 families homeless. The impact of this fire, which lasted three days,

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4154-467: The winner of which earns parts or whole Mutschel loaves of bread. The Mutschelspiele (Mutschel games) consist of small games scored by tally marks, and are won both independently and by grand total at the end of the hour or night. This tradition is unique to the city of Reutlingen. Reutlingen University is a university of applied sciences, focusing on hands-on learning, which is apparent in their mandatory internship for all business majors. The university

4221-573: The world, overseen by the International Office. Five universities enjoy major partnerships with Reutlingen University, sending students to and from all departments and in some cases offering special courses on Reutlingen's campus: Swinburne University of Technology ( Hawthorn / Melbourne, Australia ), Xi'an University of Technology ( Xi'an, China ), Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ( Monterrey, Mexico ), Kettering University ( Flint, Michigan ), and Valparaiso University ( Valparaiso, Indiana ). Valparaiso University also sends

4288-512: Was portrayed as the world’s No. 1 company for packaging technology . In 2018, Bosch decided to look for a new owner for this business. Bosch's in-house provider of assembly systems, Robert Bosch Manufacturing Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, remains part of the Bosch Group; up to now, it has been part of the Packaging Technology division. In addition, the Bosch Connected Industry business unit, which develops software and carries out Industry 4.0 projects for internal and external customers, has been part of

4355-479: Was promoted to city status and city-walls and fortifications were built. Shortly thereafter, from 1247 to 1343, the city's landmark, the St. Mary's Church (German: Marienkirche ) was built. In 1377 Reutlingen was the scene of a victory by the Swabian League , formed in the previous year by 14 Swabian cities, led by Ulm , over the Count of Württemberg . In 1519, a later Swabian League came to Reutlingen's help when Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg attempted to seize

4422-442: Was represented by trading partners on every continent: in 1906 in New York (U.S.) and Johannesburg (South Africa), in 1907 in Sydney (Australia), in 1908 in Buenos Aires (Argentina), in 1909 in Shanghai (China), in 1910 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and in 1911 in Tokyo (Japan). Bosch opened the first factory outside Germany in Paris, in 1905, and the first on another continent in 1912 in Springfield, Massachusetts (USA). In 1917, Bosch

4489-503: Was transformed into a corporation and remained so until 1937, when Robert Bosch became the sole owner again after buying back his shares. In the process, the company became a limited liability company (GmbH). After the First World War, Bosch lost most of its international holdings, including its U.S. factories. The company had to largely rebuild its international activities. This included opening up further South American and Asian regions. In 1922, for example, Illies & Company established

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