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28-585: In most Semitic alphabets, the letter resh (and its equivalents) is quite similar to the letter dalet (and its equivalents). In the Syriac alphabet , the letters became so similar that now they are only distinguished by a dot: resh has a dot above the letter, and the otherwise identical dalet has a dot below the letter. In the Arabic alphabet, rāʼ has a longer tail than dāl . In the Aramaic and Hebrew square alphabet, resh

56-503: A hieroglyph depicting a door: The letter is named dāl دَالْ, and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word: The letter represents a /d/ sound. The Phoenician dālet gave rise to the Greek delta (Δ), Latin D , and the Cyrillic letter Д . Hebrew spelling: דָּלֶת The letter is dalet in the modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation (see Tav (letter) ). Dales

84-466: A dagesh. The list is: 1 Samuel 1:6, 1 Samuel 10:24, 1 Samuel 17:25, 2 Kings 6:32, Jeremiah 39:12, Ezekiel 16:4 [×2], Habakkuk 3:13, Psalms 52:5, Proverbs 3:8, Proverbs 11:21, Proverbs 14:10, Proverbs 15:1, Job 39:9 (?), Song of Songs 5:2, Ezra 9:6, 2 Chronicles 26:10 (?) In gematria , Resh represents the number 200. Resh as an abbreviation can stand for Rabbi (or Rav , Rebbe , Rabban, Rabbenu, and other similar constructions). Resh may be found after

112-642: A house by acrophony . The Phoenician letter gave rise to, among others, the Greek beta ( Β, β ), Latin B (B, b) and Cyrillic Be ( Б, б ) and Ve ( В, в ). The name bet is derived from the West Semitic word for " house " (as in Hebrew : בַּיִת , romanized :  bayt ), and the shape of the letter derives from a Proto-Sinaitic glyph that may have been based on the Egyptian hieroglyph Pr , which depicts

140-485: A house. The Arabic letter ب is named بَاءْ bāʾ ( bāʔ ). It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word The letter normally renders /b/ sound, except in some names and loanwords where it can also render /p/ , often Arabized as /b/ , as in بَرْسِيلْ ( Persil ). For /p/ , it may be used interchangeably with the Persian letter پ - pe (with 3 dots) in this case. Bāʾ

168-551: A non-sacred way of referring to God. Dalet as a prefix in Aramaic (the language of the Talmud ) is a preposition meaning "that", or "which", or also "from" or "of"; since many Talmudic terms have found their way into Hebrew, one can hear dalet as a prefix in many phrases (as in Mitzvah D oraitah ; a mitzvah from the Torah .) In modern Hebrew the frequency of the usage of dalet, out of all

196-862: A person's name on a gravestone to indicate that the person had been a Rabbi or to indicate the other use of Rav , as a generic term for a teacher or a personal spiritual guide. Resh is used in an Israeli phrase; after a child says something false, one may say "B' Shin Quf , Resh" (With Shin, Quf, Resh). These letters spell Sheqer, which is the Hebrew word for a lie. It would be akin to an English speaker saying "That's an L - I - E ." ʾ b g d h w z ḥ ṭ y k l m n s ʿ p ṣ q r š t Dalet Dalet ( dāleth , also spelled Daleth or Daled )

224-571: A rhotic consonant that has different realizations for different dialects: As a general rule, Resh, along with Ayin , Aleph , He , and Het , do not receive a dagesh . There are a handful of exceptions to this rule. In the Yemenite tradition, Resh is treated as most other consonants in that it can receive a dagesh hazak under certain circumstances. In the most widely accepted version of the Hebrew Bible , there are 17 instances of Resh being marked with

252-558: A soft pronunciation ( rûkkāḵâ ) it is traditionally pronounced as a [ ð ] . The letter is very common in Syriac as it is often attached to the beginning of words as the relative pronoun . Daled/dolath is always written with a point below it to distinguish it from the letter resh ( ܪ ), which is identical apart from having a point above. As a numeral, dalad/dolath stands for the number four. With various systems of dots and dashes, it can also stand for 4,000 and 40,000. In set theory ,

280-469: Is a rounded single stroke while dalet is a right-angle of two strokes. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek rho (Ρ/ρ), Etruscan [REDACTED] , Latin R , Glagolitic Ⱃ , and Cyrillic Р . Resh is usually assumed to mean head, as in Proto-Semitic *raʾ(i)š- and descendants. The letter is named rāʾ راء in Arabic. It is written in several ways depending on its position in

308-548: Is also named beth , following the Tiberian Hebrew pronunciation, in academic circles. In modern Hebrew the frequency of the usage of bet, out of all the letters, is 4.98%. When the Bet appears as בּ ‎ with a "dot" in its center, known as a dagesh , then it represents /b/ . There are various rules in Hebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used. In Ktiv menuqad spelling, which uses diacritics, when

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336-441: Is not included on one of the 28 letters on the Arabic alphabet. It is thus written as: Hebrew spelling: בֵּית ‎ The Hebrew letter represents two different phonemes: a "b" sound ( /b/ ) (bet) and a "v" sound ( /v/ ) (vet). When Hebrew is written Ktiv menuqad (with niqqud diacritics ) the two are distinguished by a dot (called a dagesh ) in the centre of the letter for /b/ and no dot for /v/ . In modern Hebrew,

364-414: Is spoken. Dalet can receive a dagesh , being one of the six letters that can receive Dagesh Kal (see Gimel). There are minor variations to this letter's pronunciation, such as In addition, in modern Hebrew, the combination ד׳ ‎ (dalet followed by a geresh ) is used when transcribing foreign names to denote /ð/ . In gematria , dalet symbolizes the number four. The letter dalet, along with

392-575: Is still used by many Ashkenazi Jews and daleth by some Jews of Middle-Eastern background, especially in the Jewish diaspora . In some academic circles, it is called daleth , following the Tiberian Hebrew pronunciation. It is also called daled . The ד ‎ like the English D represents a voiced alveolar stop . Just as in English, there may be subtle varieties of the sound that are created when it

420-513: Is the first letter of the Quran , the first letter of Basmala . The letter bāʾ as a prefix may function as a preposition meaning "by" or "with". Some tafsirs interpreted the positioning of bāʾ as the opener of the Qur'an with "by My ( God 's) cause (all is present and happen)" . A variant letter of bāʾ named pe is used in Persian with three dots below instead of just one dot below. However, it

448-566: Is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads , including Arabic dāl د ‎, Aramaic dālaṯ 𐡃, Hebrew dālet ד ‎, Phoenician dālt 𐤃 and Syriac dālaṯ ܕ. Its sound value is the voiced alveolar plosive ( [d] ). The letter is based on a glyph of the Proto-Sinaitic script , probably called dalt "door" ( door in Modern Hebrew is delet ), ultimately based on

476-529: Is the second letter of the Semitic abjads , including Arabic bāʾ ب ‎, Aramaic bēṯ 𐡁, Hebrew bēt ב ‎, Phoenician bēt 𐤁, and Syriac bēṯ ܒ. Its sound value is the voiced bilabial stop ⟨b⟩ or the voiced labiodental fricative ⟨v⟩. The letter's name means "house" in various Semitic languages (Arabic bayt , Akkadian bītu, bētu , Hebrew: bayīṯ , Phoenician bēt etc.; ultimately all from Proto-Semitic *bayt- ), and appears to derive from an Egyptian hieroglyph of

504-558: Is used in certain Northern and Western African languages and some dialects in Pakistan . In the Pashto alphabet , a variant of the letter rāʾ uses a ring below for the retroflex consonant [ ɭ̆~ɽ ] and another uses dots above and below the tail for the voiced fricative [ ʐ ] or [ ʝ ] : Hebrew spelling: רֵישׁ In Hebrew , Resh ( רֵישׁ ‎) represents

532-544: The He (and very rarely Gimel ) is used to represent the Names of God in Judaism . The letter He is used commonly, and the dalet is rarer. A good example is the keter (crown) of a tallit , which has the blessing for donning the tallit , and has the name of God usually represented by a dalet. A reason for this is that He is used as an abbreviation for HaShem "The Name" and the dalet is used as

560-414: The Syriac alphabet , the second letter is ܒ — Beth ( ܒܹܝܬ ). It is one of six letters that represents two associated sounds (the others are Gimel , Dalet , Kaph , Pe and Taw ). When Beth has a hard pronunciation ( qûššāyâ ) it is a [ b ]. When Beth has a soft pronunciation ( rûkkāḵâ ) it is traditionally pronounced as a [ v ], similar to its Hebrew form. However, in eastern dialects,

588-410: The 22 letters in Hebrew by God as the first letter of Torah as it begins with " Bereshit (In the beginning) God created heaven and earth." Genesis Rabbah points out that the letter is closed on three sides and open on one; this is indicate that one can investigate what happened after creation, but not what happened before it, or what is above the heavens or below the earth. [REDACTED] In

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616-434: The dalet symbol U+2138 ℸ DALET SYMBOL is sometimes used to reference the fourth transfinite cardinal number . ʾ b g d h w z ḥ ṭ y k l m n s ʿ p ṣ q r š t Bet (letter) Bet , Beth , Beh , or Vet

644-406: The letter appears as ב ‎ without the dagesh ("dot") in its center it represents a voiced labiodental fricative : /v/ . In Ktiv hasar niqqud spelling, without diacritics, the letter without the dot may represent either phoneme. As a prefix , i.e. when attached to the beginning of a word, the letter bet may function as a preposition meaning "in", "at", or "with". As a numeral,

672-528: The letter represents the number 2, and, using various systems of dashes above or below, can stand for 2,000 and 20,000. Bet in gematria represents the number 2. Bet is the first letter of the Torah . As Bet is the number 2 in gematria, this is said to symbolize that there are two parts to Torah: the Written Torah and the Oral Torah . According to Jewish legend , the letter Bet was specially chosen among

700-412: The letters, is 2.59%. [REDACTED] In the Syriac alphabet , the fourth letter is ܕ — dolath in western pronunciation, dalath and daled in eastern pronunciation ( ܕܵܠܵܬ ). It is one of six letters that represents two associated sounds (the others are bet , gimel , kaph , pe and taw ). When daled/dolath has a hard pronunciation ( qûššāyâ ) it is a [ d ] . When it has

728-490: The more commonly used Ktiv hasar niqqud spelling, which does not use diacritics, does not visually distinguish between the two phonemes. This letter is named bet and vet , following the modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation, bet and vet ( /bet/ ), in Israel and by most Jews familiar with Hebrew, although some non-Israeli Ashkenazi speakers pronounce it beis (or bais ) and veis ( /bejs/ ) (or vais or vaiz ). It

756-522: The soft Beth is more often pronounced as a [ w ], and can form diphthongs with its preceding vowel. Whether Beth should be pronounced as a hard or soft sound is generally determined by its context within a word. However, wherever it is traditionally geminate within a word, even in dialects that no longer distinguish double consonants, it is hard. In the West Syriac dialect , some speakers always pronounce Beth with its hard sound. In set theory ,

784-448: The word: It ranges between an alveolar trill [ r ] , an alveolar flap [ ɾ ] , and a uvular trill [ ʀ ] (the last of which is only found in a few modern varieties ). It is pronounced as a postalveolar approximant [ ɹ̠ ] in the traditional dialect of Fes . The Unicode standard for Arabic scripts also lists a variant with a full stroke (Unicode character U+075b: ݛ ), suggesting that this form

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