56-742: The Renault Mégane ( French pronunciation: [meɡan] ), also spelled without the acute accent as Megane , especially in languages other than French, and also known as the Renault Megavan for an LCV in Ireland, as the Renault Scala in Iran and as the Renault Mégane Grandcoupé for the saloon in Israel, Palestinian Authority and Serbia for certain generations, is a small family car produced by
112-577: A flex fuel version, called "Hi-Flex", which is able to run either with unleaded petrol or ethanol. Like the Brazilian Scénic and Clio versions, the Mégane's engine can work with any mix of petrol and ethanol, due to the use of an electronic control module. The flex version has a 16V 110 hp (81 kW), 115 hp (85 kW) with ethanol, 1.6-litre inline-four engine developed and produced in Brazil, but
168-452: A four-speed automatic one. Both of these were equipped with Abs and other extra equipment including driver and passenger front airbags, foglights, leather seats, electric mirrors and electric windows. In Argentina, not every version had features such as electric windows, electric mirrors or airbags. During the 1990s, Renault Sport developed a rally car for the Formula 2 Kit Car regulations. This
224-410: A key that modified the meaning of the next key press, was developed to overcome this problem. This acute accent key was already present on typewriters where it typed the accent without moving the carriage, so a normal letter could be written on the same place. The US-International layout provides this function: ' is a dead key so appears to have no effect until the next key is pressed, when it adds
280-429: A number of cases of "letter with acute accent" as precomposed characters and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using the combining character facility ( U+0301 ◌́ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT and U+0317 ◌̗ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW ) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that
336-680: A special version of the Renault F7R engine , and had a seven speed Sequential manual transmission . Its most notable result was an outright victory in the 1996 Tour de Corse in the hands of Philippe Bugalski and his co driver Jean-Paul Chiaroni (in a year where the Tour de Corse was a FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup only event); but it also helped Renault to the FIA 2 Litre World Rally Cup of Manufacturer's title in 1999. In other high level competitions, Renault took back to back manufacturer's and driver's titles in
392-610: A specification ahead of all rivals in 1995, e.g. VW Golf Mk 3, Opel Astra F, Ford Escort etc. Some features, such as the three-point middle belt, had debuted on the Renault 19 safety concept vehicle (and this feature entered production on the Renault Laguna before the Mégane). The car also benefited from Renault's first "System for Restraint and Protection" (SRP), essentially a system of careful optimisation of occupant restraint by interaction of
448-457: Is indicative of a palatalized sound in several languages. In Polish , such a mark is known as a kreska ("stroke") and is an integral part of several letters: four consonants and one vowel. When appearing in consonants, it indicates palatalization , similar to the use of the háček in Czech and other Slavic languages (e.g. sześć [ˈʂɛɕt͡ɕ] "six"). However, in contrast to
504-407: Is placed on a vowel by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then the vowel, which can also be capitalised; for example, á is formed by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then a , and Á is formed by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then ⇧ Shift + a . Because keyboards have only a limited number of keys, US English keyboards do not have keys for accented characters. The concept of dead key ,
560-488: Is sometimes (though rarely) used for poetic purposes: The layout of some European PC keyboards, combined with problematic keyboard-driver semantics, causes some users to use an acute accent or a grave accent instead of an apostrophe when typing in English (e.g. typing John`s or John´s instead of John's). Western typographic and calligraphic traditions generally design the acute accent as going from top to bottom. French even has
616-581: Is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs in the following languages: As with other diacritical marks, a number of (usually French ) loanwords are sometimes spelled in English with an acute accent as used in the original language: these include attaché , blasé , canapé , cliché , communiqué , café , décor , déjà vu , détente , élite , entrée , exposé , mêlée , fiancé , fiancée , papier-mâché , passé , pâté , piqué , plié , repoussé , résumé , risqué , sauté , roué , séance , naïveté and touché . Retention of
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#1732870109632672-485: The háček which is usually used for postalveolar consonants , the kreska denotes alveolo-palatal consonants . In traditional Polish typography , the kreska is more nearly vertical than the acute accent, and placed slightly right of center. A similar rule applies to the Belarusian Latin alphabet Łacinka . However, for computer use, Unicode conflates the codepoints for these letters with those of
728-541: The kreska from acute, letters from Western (computer) fonts and Polish fonts had to share the same set of code points , which make designing the conflicting character (i.e. o acute , ⟨ó⟩ ) more troublesome. OpenType tried to solve this problem by giving language-sensitive glyph substitution to designers such that the font would automatically switch between Western ⟨ó⟩ and Polish ⟨ó⟩ based on language settings. New computer fonts are sensitive to this issue and their design for
784-744: The British Rally Championship from 1996 to 1999, with Grégoire De Mévius , Alain Oreille , Robbie Head , Martin Rowe , and Tapio Laukkanen . Both the French and British rally teams also compete in the World Rally Championship . After the works programme was discontinued, many privateers continued to use the car. It was also used in the FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup , which Renault won in 1999. The car used
840-574: The British Rally Championship in 1998 and 1999 , whilst they also took the European Rally Championship in 1999 . The Mégane II was launched in September 2002 for the 2003 model year, and marked a completely new fresh start. The two cars bear very little resemblance, the new vehicle having been inspired by the manufacturer's new design language first seen in the Avantime . The new Mégane
896-598: The Laguna , most notably the "bird beak" front grille – a styling cue borrowed from the Renault 16 of the 1960s. Renault decided to add an acute accent to the vehicle name (M é gane), in order to assert its European identity, in a context of growing competition of newer car manufacturers coming from Japan. As with the 19 and the 11 before it, the Mégane was produced at Renault's Douai plant in northern France starting in July 1995, and at
952-658: The Quốc Ngữ system for Vietnamese , the Yale romanization for Cantonese , the Pinyin romanization for Mandarin Chinese , and the Bopomofo semi-syllabary , the acute accent indicates a rising tone . In Mandarin, the alternative to the acute accent is the number 2 after the syllable: lái = lai2. In Cantonese Yale , the acute accent is either tone 2, or tone 5 if the vowel(s) are followed by 'h' (if
1008-585: The hot hatch segment of the market. The Hatchback model was revised at Motor Show Brussels in January 2006, the Wagon and Convertible model was debut at Geneva Motor Show in March 2006, with changes in interior trim (e.g. a new revised instrument cluster with the speedometer moved to the right and the tachometer moved to the left), specification levels and most notably, a new front nose. A new front suspension system borrowed from
1064-459: The 1.2 L turbocharged engine going on sale, whilst the styling of the hatchback, coupé and estate versions was updated to match Renault's new model range. Acute accent The acute accent ( / ə ˈ k j uː t / ), ◌́ , is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin , Cyrillic , and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of
1120-628: The 19, and utilized modified versions of that car's drivetrain and chassis. The second and third generations were based on the Renault–Nissan C platform . The fourth generation is based on the CMF-CD platform, as used by the Renault Talisman and Renault Scénic . In November 1996, the Mégane Scénic compact MPV was introduced, using the same mechanical components as the hatchback Mégane. For 2002,
1176-489: The 2.0-litre, French-built engine can not be run on ethanol. As with the previous Mégane, the range of models is wide; there is a three and five door hatchback available, named "Sport Hatch" and "Hatch" respectively, there is a four-door saloon/sedan (Sport Saloon), a five-door estate (Sport Tourer / Grandtour), and to replace both the Mégane Coupe and Convertible, a new retractable hardtop coupe designed by Karmann . Unlike
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#17328701096321232-488: The Fluence replaced the Mégane in Renault's lineup from 2011 onwards. The Mégane III underwent its first facelift in January 2012, which also introduced three new engines; a 1.2 L turbocharged petrol engine, a new 110 hp (112 PS; 82 kW) version of the 1.5 L dCi engine, and a new 1.6 L dCi engine. Another facelift followed for 2014, with a more powerful 128 hp (130 PS; 95 kW) version of
1288-399: The French car manufacturer Renault for the 1996 model year, and was the successor to the Renault 19 . The Mégane has been offered in three- and five-door hatchback , saloon , coupé , convertible and estate bodystyles at various points in its lifetime, and having been through four generations is now in its fifth incarnation. The first generation was largely based on its predecessor,
1344-559: The Japanese compound for pocket monster, the last three from languages which do not use the Roman alphabet, and where transcriptions do not normally use acute accents. For foreign terms used in English that have not been assimilated into English or are not in general English usage, italics are generally used with the appropriate accents: for example, coup d'état , pièce de résistance , crème brûlée and ancien régime . The acute accent
1400-594: The Microsoft Word spell checker to add the accent for them. Some young computer users got in the habit of not writing accented letters at all. The codes (which come from the IBM PC encoding ) are: On most non-US keyboard layouts (e.g. Spanish, Hiberno-English), these letters can also be made by holding AltGr (or Ctrl+Alt with US international mapping) and the desired letter. Individual applications may have enhanced support for accents. On macOS computers, an acute accent
1456-619: The Mégane 2.0 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) was adopted, improving the driving performance. Also, the Nissan Sentra B16 is based on the platform from 2006 of the Renault Mégane. During its first full year of sales, the Mégane II topped the French sales charts, with 198,874 registered in 2003. It has also sold very well in Britain, being the nation's fourth most popular car in 2005 and
1512-447: The Mégane II, was a first in this class and has since been widely adopted. Similarly, the option of a panoramic glass sunroof is another area in which Renault led where others followed. In June 2003, the first ever live crash test using a real driver rather than a crash test dummy featuring the Mégane II was conducted by Top Gear . The Mégane II sedan was assembled in Iran by Pars Khodro from 2008 to 2013. In Brazil, Renault launched
1568-528: The Mégane entered its second generation with a substantial redesign taking place, and was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, whilst also becoming the first car in its class to receive a five star Euro NCAP rating. The Mégane entered its third generation in 2008, with another totally different design being used; the saloon version of the Mégane became known as the Renault Fluence for this generation, and it
1624-740: The Spanish plant of Palencia . Market launch began on 15 November 1995 in France, and 15 December 1995 for the coupé. Sales in the United Kingdom commenced in April 1996. Safety was a key focus of the Mégane I, Renault's first car reflecting their new focus of selling on safety. It featured a pillar mounted three-point seatbelt for the middle rear occupant (replacing the common 'lap strap'), standard front belt pre tensioners and load limiters, driver's airbag (passenger airbag from 1996) and an impressive safety structure –
1680-447: The accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available. An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex , used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels . The acute accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek , where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch . In Modern Greek, a stress accent has replaced the pitch accent, and
1736-533: The accent is common only in the French ending é or ée , as in these examples, where its absence would tend to suggest a different pronunciation. Thus the French word résumé is commonly seen in English as resumé , with only one accent (but also with both or none). Acute accents are sometimes added to loanwords where a final e is not silent , for example, maté from Spanish mate, the Maldivian capital Malé , saké from Japanese sake , and Pokémon from
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1792-712: The accented Latin letters of similar appearance. In Serbo-Croatian , as in Polish, the letter ⟨ć⟩ is used to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/ . In the romanization of Macedonian , ⟨ǵ⟩ and ⟨ḱ⟩ represent the Cyrillic letters ⟨ѓ⟩ ( Gje ) and ⟨ќ⟩ ( Kje ), which stand for palatal or alveolo-palatal consonants, though ⟨gj⟩ and ⟨kj⟩ (or ⟨đ⟩ and ⟨ć⟩ ) are more commonly used for this purpose . The same two letters are used to transcribe
1848-408: The acute accent in Chinese typefaces a problem. Designers approach this problem in 3 ways: either keep the original Western form of going top right (thicker) to bottom left (thinner) (e.g. Arial / Times New Roman ), flip the stroke to go from bottom left (thicker) to top right (thinner) (e.g. Adobe HeiTi Std/ SimSun ), or just make the accents without stroke variation (e.g. SimHei ). Unicode encodes
1904-459: The acute marks the stressed syllable of a word. The Greek name of the accented syllable was and is ὀξεῖα ( oxeîa , Modern Greek oxía ) "sharp" or "high", which was calqued (loan-translated) into Latin as acūta "sharpened". The acute accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in several languages: The acute accent marks the height of some stressed vowels in various Romance languages . A graphically similar, but not identical, mark
1960-449: The definition of acute is the accent «qui va de droite à gauche» (English: "which goes from right to left" ), meaning that it descends from top right to lower left. In Polish, the kreska diacritic is used instead, which usually has a different shape and style compared to other European languages. It features a more vertical steep form and is moved more to the right side of center line than acute. As Unicode does not differentiate
2016-484: The diacritics tends toward a more "universal design" so that there will be less need for localization, for example Roboto and Noto typefaces. Pinyin uses the acute accent to mark the second tone (rising or high-rising tone), which indicates a tone rising from low to high, causing the writing stroke of acute accent to go from lower left to top right. This contradicts the Western typographic tradition which makes designing
2072-572: The five door hatchback and Mégane Coupé were officially put on sale. The two models have different designs; the Coupé has a sporty design, while the five door model is more conservative. No automatic transmission is offered on petrol engines, with it being replaced by a continuously variable transmission . A five-door estate version was introduced in June 2009, and was named the Sport Tourer. Another addition to
2128-518: The middle of 1995. The Mégane I was unveiled in September 1995, at the Frankfurt Motor Show , as a replacement for the Renault 19 . The car was essentially a reskin of its predecessor, and carried over the 19's floorpan, engines, transmissions and chassis design, albeit with much modification. Taking its name from a Renault concept car shown in 1988, the Mégane further developed the new corporate styling theme introduced by Patrick Le Quément on
2184-511: The nation's fifth most popular car in 2004 and 2006. In 2007, it dipped to eighth place, with just over 55,000 examples being sold. The Mégane sedan was the best-selling car in Turkey from 2004 to 2006. The BYD S8 , a Chinese convertible, shares a rear design with the Renault Mégane CC. The third generation was launched in the end of 2008, to keep the range competitive. In October 2008, both
2240-488: The number form is used, 'h' is omitted): má = ma2, máh = ma5. In African languages and Athabaskan languages , it frequently marks a high tone, e.g., Yoruba apá 'arm', Nobiin féntí 'sweet date', Ekoti kaláwa 'boat', Navajo tʼáá 'just'. The acute accent is used in Serbo-Croatian dictionaries and linguistic publications to indicate a high-rising accent. It is not used in everyday writing. The acute accent
2296-496: The original Mégane was only available in LHD form, with no RHD variants built. This could be due to the greater popularity of the Scenic in those markets, limiting the potential sales of a compact estate. The estate was added with the facelift of 1999, although pre-facelifted Mégane estates were sold from September 1998 in Turkey, where it was manufactured by Oyak-Renault . In Japan, Renault
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2352-464: The postulated Proto-Indo-European phonemes /ɡʲ/ and /kʲ/ . Sorbian uses the acute for palatalization as in Polish: ⟨ć dź ń⟩ . Lower Sorbian also uses ⟨ŕ ś ź⟩ , and Lower Sorbian previously used ⟨ḿ ṕ ẃ⟩ and ⟨b́ f́⟩ , also written as ⟨b' f'⟩ ; these are now spelt as ⟨mj pj wj⟩ and ⟨bj fj⟩ . In
2408-526: The previous model, the estate version was sold in RHD for the first time. Unlike its predecessor, the Mégane II was not licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd. for the Japanese market, as Renault had acquired a stake in Nissan when the Mégane I was still in production. Instead, the Mégane II was licensed by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. and sold exclusively through Nissan Red Stage Store locations. The RenaultSport (RS) versions of
2464-575: The range came in the form of the Coupé Cabriolet in June 2010. That year also saw the addition of a 1.4 L turbocharged engine being added to the range. Production of the Mégane's saloon derivative, the Fluence , began in Argentina in 2011, at the firm's Córdoba plant. The Mégane III was also made available for sale in Argentina that year, but was produced in Turkey, and imported into the country. In Brazil,
2520-531: The range. An Estate body style was also launched in mainland Europe with the facelift. The production continued for the Latin America Market, where it was sold alongside the Mégane II line at a considerably lower price until 2011. In countries, such as Argentina and Colombia, the Mégane I was available until 2010, sold as a sedan and an estate, but in Venezuela, it was available only as a sedan. It features as
2576-520: The result has any real-world application and are not shown in the table. On Windows computers with US keyboard mapping , letters with acute accents can be created by holding down the alt key and typing in a three-number code on the number pad to the right of the keyboard before releasing the Alt key. Before the appearance of Spanish keyboards, Spanish speakers had to learn these codes if they wanted to be able to write acute accents, though some preferred using
2632-485: The seat, seatbelt, pretensioner, load limiter and airbag. The Mégane I achieved a best in class four star crash test rating in the 1998 round of testing by Euro NCAP . November 1996 saw the introduction of the Mégane Scénic compact MPV . Power came from the Renault E type ("Energy") engine in 1.4 L and 1.6 L, and the F-type unit in both 1.9 L diesel and 2.0 L petrol forms, although this time around there
2688-462: The three door and five door Mégane hatchbacks were introduced, equipped with a turbocharged petrol 2.0 L 16v engine producing 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) and Turbocharged diesel 2.0L dCi 16V engine producing 175 PS (129 kW;173 hp). Along with the engine, changes were made to the front and rear suspension geometry to improve handling , and the model features a deeper, wider front bumper. The Mégane Renault Sport competes in
2744-471: The top line of the model the LA04 engine (16 valves, 1.6 litres and 110 HP), and was produced by both Renault Colombia and Renault Argentina, in where it was one of the best selling cars to date. It is a car with more advanced safety features, upgraded equipment and more. The Mégane I had a lower price than the Mégane II. In Venezuela, it was only available in one version: Unique, with a five-speed manual gearbox or
2800-519: Was a wider variety of 16 valve derivatives. A 1.9 L diesel engine in both normally aspirated and turbocharged forms was also available. Renault also produced a limited number of Renaultsport edition Phase 1's with the Renaultsport bodywork; however, these were very rare. The Renaultsport kit was available to purchase for a short time direct from Renault France, but has now been discontinued, thus their value has increased. The estate version of
2856-642: Was chosen by Le Quement and frozen for production in April 1992. The first prototypes were built and presented to management in December 1992. Approximately 432 prototypes were built (at Rueil assembly) and destroyed during development. In June 1993, Renault purchased production tooling for the X64, with the first test unit being assembled at the Douai plant in October 1994, and pre production units being constructed from December 1994 to
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#17328701096322912-481: Was coined by Manfred Gotta . The designs retained were developed around four themes. Theme A: a six light version, evoking the Laguna; Theme B: a model with a markedly cuneiform line; Theme C: another design with ellipse shaped glasswork and rear notch; Theme D: a model with the same elliptical glazing and rounded rear. In March 1991, all four styling proposals were developed into full scale (1:1). Theme C by Michel Jardin
2968-551: Was formerly licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd. , but in 1999 Renault acquired a stake in Japanese automaker Nissan . As a result of Renault's purchase, Yanase canceled its licensing contract for all Renault models sold in Japan, including, but not limited to, the Mégane I, in 2000, and Nissan took over as the sole licensee for Renault cars. A mild facelift in spring 1999 gave the Mégane I a modified grille, more advanced safety features and upgraded equipment, and 16 valve engines were used across
3024-585: Was introduced in 2009. The fourth-generation Mégane was launched in 2015, with sales commencing in 2016. In 2021, Renault revealed a battery electric version known as the Megane E-Tech Electric , which takes on a crossover exterior design. Development of the X64 began at the beginning of 1990, with the first sketches of X64 programme being drawn during the first six months of 1990. Very quickly, several themes were outlined and developed into four small scale (1/5) models by September 1990. The Mégane name
3080-644: Was the Clio Williams Maxi , which was the first car truly developed for the F2 Kit Car category, and first appeared in 1996. However, rivals such as Citroën and Peugeot soon introduced bigger and more powerful cars, which resulted in Renault producing an F2 version of the Mégane in 1996. The Maxi Mégane officially represented the brand in French Championship rallies in 1996 and 1997 with drivers like Philippe Bugalski , Jean Ragnotti or Serge Jordan , and
3136-538: Was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, fighting off stiff competition from Japan's Mazda3 and PSA's Citroën C3 , and achieved a five star safety rating in the Euro NCAP crash tests, the first small family car to do so. The Mégane II and the Laguna were both showcases for a great deal of innovative technologies Renault launched at the beginning of the 2000s; the Renault Card keyless ignition system, standard on
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