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44-512: On March 12, 2014, the Reliant Center was renamed to the NRG Center . The convention floor runs over 0.25 miles (400 m) in length, while total building size is 1,532 feet (467 m) long and 590 feet (180 m) wide, with a total area of 1,400,000 square feet (130,000 m). The facility features over 706,000 square feet (65,600 m) of contiguous single-level exhibition space, which

88-464: A baseband signal which is bound to the lowest end of the spectrum, see line coding ), it is still occupying a single channel. The key difference is that what is typically considered a broadband signal in this sense is a signal that occupies multiple (non-masking, orthogonal ) passbands, thus allowing for much higher throughput over a single medium but with additional complexity in the transmitter/receiver circuitry. The term became popularized through

132-495: A broadband network can be classified according to three characteristics: Cellular networks utilize various standards for data transmission, including 5G which can support one million separate devices per square kilometer. The types of traffic found in a broadband network (with examples) and their respective requirements are summarised in Table 1. Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal using

176-449: A diversity of services (multi-services). The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was planned to provide these characteristics. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was promoted as a target technology for meeting these requirements. Different criteria for "broad" have been applied in different contexts and at different times. Its origin is in physics, acoustics , and radio systems engineering, where it had been used with

220-413: A meaning similar to " wideband ", or in the context of audio noise reduction systems , where it indicated a single-band rather than a multiple-audio-band system design of the compander . Later, with the advent of digital telecommunications , the term was mainly used for transmission over multiple channels . Whereas a passband signal is also modulated so that it occupies higher frequencies (compared to

264-441: A medium's full bandwidth using its baseband (from zero through the highest frequency needed). Most versions of the popular Ethernet family are given names, such as the original 1980s 10BASE5 , to indicate this. Networks that use cable modems on standard cable television infrastructure are called broadband to indicate the wide range of frequencies that can include multiple data users as well as traditional television channels on

308-511: A significant role in determining the level of failure resiliency, ease of incremental expansion, communication bandwidth and latency. In analogy to the improvements in the speed and capacity of digital computers, provided by advances in semiconductor technology and expressed in the bi-yearly doubling of transistor density, which is described empirically by Moore's law , the capacity and speed of telecommunications networks have followed similar advances, for similar reasons. In telecommunication, this

352-472: A synonym for wideband . "Broadband" in analog video distribution is traditionally used to refer to systems such as cable television , where the individual channels are modulated on carriers at fixed frequencies. In this context, baseband is the term's antonym , referring to a single channel of analog video, typically in composite form with separate baseband audio . The act of demodulating converts broadband video to baseband video. Fiber optic allows

396-475: A wide band of frequencies. "Broadband" is a relative term, understood according to its context. The wider (or broader) the bandwidth of a channel, the greater the data-carrying capacity, given the same channel quality. In radio , for example, a very narrow band will carry Morse code , a broader band will carry speech, and a still broader band will carry music without losing the high audio frequencies required for realistic sound reproduction . This broad band

440-420: A wide range of complexity and quality of audio reproduction. Similarly, full motion video signals may be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 Mbit/s to hundreds of Mbit/s. Thus a network transporting both video and audio signals may have to integrate traffic with a very broad range of bit-rates. Traditionally, different telecommunications services were carried via separate networks: voice on

484-462: Is converted to a non-loaded twisted-pair wire (no telephone filters), it becomes hundreds of kilohertz wide (broadband) and can carry up to 100 megabits per second using very high-bit rate digital subscriber line ( VDSL or VHDSL) techniques. Modern networks have to carry integrated traffic consisting of voice, video and data. The Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) was designed for these needs. The types of traffic supported by

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528-604: Is divisible into 11 separate halls, ranging in size from 40,000 to 168,000 square feet (3,700 to 15,600 m). The 61 meeting rooms are configurable into over 100 variations, and the two largest meeting rooms are 17,000 and 22,000 square feet (1,600 and 2,000 m). Each meeting room has its own dedicated sound, lighting and networking capabilities. There are also 118 loading bays, a 280,000-square-foot (26,000 m) marshalling area with over 200,000 square feet (19,000 m) for shuttle transportation, and over 150,000 square feet (14,000 m) of registration space. The facility

572-528: Is expressed in Edholm's law , proposed by and named after Phil Edholm in 2004. This empirical law holds that the bandwidth of telecommunication networks doubles every 18 months, which has proven to be true since the 1970s. The trend is evident in the Internet , cellular (mobile), wireless and wired local area networks (LANs), and personal area networks . This development is the consequence of rapid advances in

616-508: Is often divided into channels or "frequency bins" using passband techniques to allow frequency-division multiplexing instead of sending a higher-quality signal. In data communications, a 56k modem will transmit a data rate of 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s) over a 4-kilohertz-wide telephone line (narrowband or voiceband ). In the late 1980s, the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) used

660-476: Is the ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a local area network up to 1 Gigabit/s (which is considered high-speed as of 2014) using existing home business and home wiring (including power lines, but also phone lines and coaxial cables ). In 2014, researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology made developments on the creation of ultra-shallow broadband optical instruments . In

704-414: Is the wide- bandwidth data transmission that exploits signals at a wide spread of frequencies or several different simultaneous frequencies, and is used in fast Internet access . The transmission medium can be coaxial cable , optical fiber , wireless Internet ( radio ), twisted pair cable, or satellite . Originally used to mean 'using a wide-spread frequency' and for services that were analog at

748-530: The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) provide the control and routing of messages across the and IP data network. There are many different network structures that IP can be used across to efficiently route messages, for example: There are three features that differentiate MANs from LANs or WANs: Data center networks also rely highly on TCP/IP for communication across machines. They connect thousands of servers, are designed to be highly robust, provide low latency and high bandwidth. Data center network topology plays

792-455: The public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers. this is the structure of network general, every telecommunications network conceptually consists of three parts, or planes (so-called because they can be thought of as being and often are, separate overlay networks ): Data networks are used extensively throughout

836-572: The 1990s as a marketing term for Internet access that was faster than dial-up access (dial-up being typically limited to a maximum of 56 kbit/s). This meaning is only distantly related to its original technical meaning. Since 1999, broadband Internet access has been a factor in public policy . In that year, at the World Trade Organization Biannual Conference called “ Financial Solutions to Digital Divide ” in Seattle,

880-674: The FCC in December 2017. A number of national and international regulators categorize broadband connections according to upload and download speeds, stated in Mbit/s ( megabits per second ). In Australia, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission also requires Internet Service Providers to quote speed during night time and busy hours Bandwidth has historically been very unequally distributed worldwide, with increasing concentration in

924-599: The Houston Boat, Sport, and Travel Show, to name a few. In September 2005, the center hosted several thousand refugees from Hurricane Katrina when the Astrodome was declared full. Reliant Center hosted World Wrestling Entertainment 's WrestleMania Axxess event from April 2 to April 5, in 2009, where fans met their favorite wrestlers in the buildup to WrestleMania XXV at the NRG Stadium on April 5. On 30 August 2017,

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968-1067: The NRG Center again became a relief shelter in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey , after the George R. Brown Convention Center went over capacity. From 2003, the Offshore Technology Conference is held at the NRG Center. The OTC is a large event in the technology of offshore exploration and production of energy resources and associated environmental protection, with attendance in tens of thousands attendees. See also: List of companies in Houston See: List of colleges and universities in Houston [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Texas portal 29°41′16″N 95°24′23″W  /  29.68768°N 95.406325°W  / 29.68768; -95.406325 High-speed internet In telecommunications , broadband or high speed

1012-582: The connection and media requests of a multipoint, multimedia communication call. A multirate service network is one which flexibly allocates transmission capacity to connections. A multimedia network has to support a broad range of bit-rates demanded by connections, not only because there are many communication media, but also because a communication medium may be encoded by algorithms with different bit-rates. For example, audio signals can be encoded with bit-rates ranging from less than 1 kbit/s to hundreds of kbit/s, using different encoding algorithms with

1056-464: The context of Internet access , the term "broadband" is used loosely to mean "access that is always on and faster than the traditional dial-up access". A range of more precise definitions of speed have been prescribed at times, including: Broadband Internet service in the United States was effectively treated or managed as a public utility by net neutrality rules until being overturned by

1100-515: The digital age. Historically only 10 countries have hosted 70–75% of the global telecommunication capacity (see pie-chart Figure on the right). In 2014, only three countries (China, the US, and Japan) host 50% of the globally installed telecommunication bandwidth potential. The U.S. lost its global leadership in terms of installed bandwidth in 2011, being replaced by China, which hosts more than twice as much national bandwidth potential in 2014 (29% versus 13% of

1144-779: The economy of sharing. This economy motivates the general idea of an integrated services network. Integration avoids the need for many overlaying networks, which complicates network management and reduces flexibility in the introduction and evolution of services. This integration was made possible with advances in broadband technologies and high-speed information processing of the 1990s. While multiple network structures were capable of supporting broadband services, an ever-increasing percentage of broadband and MSO providers opted for fibre-optic network structures to support both present and future bandwidth requirements. CATV (cable television), HDTV (high definition television), VoIP (voice over internet protocol), and broadband internet are some of

1188-420: The fact that the 10PASS-TS standard for Ethernet ratified in 2008 used DSL technology, and both cable and DSL modems often have Ethernet connectors on them. A television antenna may be described as "broadband" because it is capable of receiving a wide range of channels, while e.g. a low-VHF antenna is "narrowband" since it receives only 1 to 5 channels. The U.S. federal standard FS-1037C defines "broadband" as

1232-438: The global total). Nation specific: Telecommunication network A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching , message switching , or packet switching , to pass messages and signals. Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass

1276-402: The information generated by other media. For example, voice could be transcribed into data via voice recognition, and data commands may control the way voice and video are presented. These interactions most often occur at the communication terminals, but may also occur within the network. Traditional voice calls are predominantly two party calls, requiring a point-to-point connection using only

1320-549: The information into the system. However, "broadband video" in the context of streaming Internet video has come to mean video files that have bit-rates high enough to require broadband Internet access for viewing. "Broadband video" is also sometimes used to describe IPTV Video on demand . Power lines have also been used for various types of data communication. Although some systems for remote control are based on narrowband signaling, modern high-speed systems use broadband signaling to achieve very high data rates. One example

1364-413: The lowest level, nowadays in the context of Internet access , 'broadband' is often used to mean any high-speed Internet access that is seemingly always 'on' and is faster than dial-up access over traditional analog or ISDN PSTN services. The ideal telecommunication network has the following characteristics: broadband , multi-media , multi-point , multi-rate and economical implementation for

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1408-399: The message from an originating node to the destination node, via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network. Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks , the Internet ,

1452-412: The most common applications now being supported by fibre optic networks, in some cases directly to the home (FTTh – Fibre To The Home). These types of fibre optic networks incorporate a wide variety of products to support and distribute the signal from the central office to an optic node, and ultimately to the subscriber (end-user). In telecommunications , a broadband signalling method is one that handles

1496-461: The other hand, data networks which store and forward messages using computers had limited connectivity, usually did not have sufficient bandwidth for digitised voice and video signals, and suffer from unacceptable delays for the real-time signals. Television networks using radio or cables were largely broadcast networks with minimum switching facilities. It was desirable to have a single network for providing all these communication services to achieve

1540-580: The present overcrowded radio spectrum. A modern telecommunications network (such as the broadband network) must provide all these different services ( multi-services ) to the user. Conventional telephony communication used: Modern services can be: These aspects are examined individually in the following three sub-sections. A multimedia call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video , or any combination of these media. Each medium has different demands for communication quality, such as: The information content of each medium may affect

1584-493: The same cable. Broadband systems usually use a different radio frequency modulated by the data signal for each band. The total bandwidth of the medium is larger than the bandwidth of any channel. The 10BROAD36 broadband variant of Ethernet was standardized by 1985, but was not commercially successful. The DOCSIS standard became available to consumers in the late 1990s, to provide Internet access to cable television residential customers. Matters were further confused by

1628-413: The signal to be transmitted farther without being repeated. Cable companies use a hybrid system using fiber to transmit the signal to neighborhoods and then changes the signal from light to radio frequency to be transmitted over coaxial cable to homes. Doing so reduces the use of having multiple head ends. A head end gathers all the information from the local cable networks and movie channels and then feeds

1672-739: The technological infrastructure capable of providing high-speed internet access, pre-wired fiber optic cabling backbone, on-site production facilities, 120 television monitors, as well as web-casting abilities. Along with the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, NRG Center hosts some of the largest conventions and trade shows in Houston. Some examples of these events are the Offshore Technology Conference, The Reliant Park World Series of Dog Shows, Nutcracker Market, Houston Auto Show, International Gem & Jewelry Show, The Vans Warped Tour, Houston Gun Collector's and Antique Show, and

1716-410: The telephone network, data on computer networks such as local area networks , video teleconferencing on private corporate networks, and television on broadcast radio or cable networks. These networks were largely engineered for a specific application and are not suited to other applications. For example, the traditional telephone network is too noisy and inefficient for bursty data communication. On

1760-438: The term to refer to a broad range of bit rates , independent of physical modulation details. The various forms of digital subscriber line (DSL) services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over multiple channels. Each channel is at a higher frequency than the baseband voice channel, so it can support plain old telephone service on a single pair of wires at the same time. However, when that same line

1804-444: The term “Meaningful Broadband” was introduced to the world leaders, leading to the activation of a movement to close the digital divide . Fundamental aspects of this movement are to suggest that the equitable distribution of broadband is a fundamental human right. Personal computing facilitated easy access, manipulation, storage, and exchange of information, and required reliable data transmission. Communicating documents by images and

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1848-412: The use of high-resolution graphics terminals provided a more natural and informative mode of human interaction than do voice and data alone. Video teleconferencing enhances group interaction at a distance. High-definition entertainment video improves the quality of pictures, but requires much higher transmission rates. These new data transmission requirements may require new transmission means other than

1892-556: The voice medium. To access pictorial information in a remote database would require a point-to-point connection that sends low bit-rate queries to the database and high bit-rate video from the database. Entertainment video applications are largely point-to-multi-point connections, requiring one way communication of full motion video and audio from the program source to the viewers. Video teleconferencing involves connections among many parties, communicating voice, video, as well as data. Offering future services thus requires flexible management of

1936-485: The world for communication between individuals and organizations . Data networks can be connected to allow users seamless access to resources that are hosted outside of the particular provider they are connected to. The Internet is the best example of the internetworking of many data networks from different organizations. Terminals attached to IP networks like the Internet are addressed using IP addresses . Protocols of

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