126-644: Inspekteur ( inspector ) was a Nazi political rank that existed briefly in 1932 in a reorganization promulgated by Gregor Strasser , the Reichsorganisationsleiter (Reich Organizational Leader) of the Nazi Party since January 1928. Strasser largely had been given free rein to organize and structure the Party by Adolf Hitler who was not interested in administrative detail and mundane day-to-day organizational concerns. Strasser sought to consolidate and centralize
252-549: A Commonwealth police superintendent or chief superintendent . It may also be a title held by a supervisor of detectives. In the New York City Police Department , a deputy inspector is one grade above captain, wearing the insignia of a military major, and an inspector is another grade higher, wearing the insignia of a military colonel. In the Philadelphia Police Department , a staff inspector
378-574: A divisional or personal identification number . Instead they feature Order of the Bath stars, informally known as "pips", being the same insignia as those of a lieutenant in the British Army . In the Metropolitan Police, the rank was formerly officially known as station inspector to distinguish it from the more senior rank of sub-divisional inspector (abolished in 1949). A station inspector wore
504-497: A tiered police service delivery model , or by civil law enforcement agencies in jurisdictions that do not authorize a specific class of civil law enforcement officer. Special constabularies are differentiated from other types of special constable employers by their proactive, uniformed, and semi-independent role in community safety and delivery of police-style services, as opposed to the limited mandate of reactive law enforcement and investigations of other special constable employers or
630-559: A Safety and Security Department, responsible for emergency management, community patrols, and "ensur[ing] compliance" with Musqueam by-laws. The Fort McKay First Nation in the Alberta oil sands maintains a Park Ranger Program — staffed by peace officers able to enforce First Nation by-laws but only report violations of provincial or federal law — to patrol the reserve's parks and wilderness and provide assistance and education to band members and visitors. The Fort McKay First Nation also maintains
756-509: A dark red collar patch. The shoulder boards were also paired up with a one or two knotted gold shoulder cord. On 8 December 1932, Strasser resigned as Reichsorganisationsleiter in a major policy dispute with Hitler over the future direction of the Party. By 15 December, Hitler announced that he was temporarily assuming the duties of Reichsorganisationsleiter , with Robert Ley as Chief of Staff. Paul Schulz followed Strasser into retirement. In seeking to eradicate Strasser’s legacy, Hitler decreed
882-484: A former Canadian Pacific Police Service officer alleged that he was ordered to stop investigating a fatal railway derailment to protect the railway's interests. There are six provincial police services in Canada, maintained by four provinces, although only three are involved in frontline policing. The Ontario Provincial Police and Sûreté du Québec provide provincial police services to Ontario and Quebec , respectively,
1008-607: A generalist police service, where sworn police officers with standardized training provide the bulk of police services — response to emergencies, investigation of crimes, community safety initiatives, and some clerical duties — and are augmented by a handful of non-police specialists in administrative roles; tiered police organizations employ a variety of staff with different training and expertise, as well as sworn police officers, who then specialize in various policing functions or components of those functions, including criminal investigations and frontline police service delivery. In Canada,
1134-709: A grade below captain, instead of at least one grade above. New York State Police staff inspectors are senior commissioned officers holding the rank above major and below lieutenant colonel. The North Carolina Department of Transportation's Division of Motor Vehicles License and Theft Bureau uses the title of inspector for its sworn state law enforcement agents/investigators. The inspectors of this agency investigate motor vehicle theft, title and odometer frauds, state issued identification and driver's license frauds, as well as regulate and inspect motor vehicle dealerships, repair shops, tow and storage facilities, and emissions and safety inspection centers. The NC DMV License and Theft Bureau
1260-406: A minimum standard of "adequate and effective" policing, while others, such as Quebec , authorize several tiers of police forces based on the size of the municipality, with the lowest tiers providing only basic patrol and law enforcement functions and the highest tiers responsible for all law enforcement, investigations, and policing in their jurisdiction. Beginning in the 1970s, and continuing into
1386-981: A municipal police service, and the majority of municipal police forces serve urban areas exclusively. Many rural communities also operate police services, however, and several have only a handful of police officers. The police services in the Town of Luseland , Saskatchewan, and the Rural Municipality of Cornwallis , Manitoba both have one officer each. As the delivery of police services is a provincial responsibility, each province has its own set of standards that police services must meet. In several provinces, such as Ontario , police services must be able to provide 24/7 coverage, investigate all criminal matters, and provide for specialized units such as police dogs, while other provinces allow small police forces to rely on outside resources to routinely supplement their patrols and investigations. Some provinces, such as Manitoba , do not define
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#17328732957401512-603: A narrower mandate (but not fewer powers) in communities that maintain independent traffic enforcement or mental health crisis response agencies . The federal government maintains two police forces: the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Canadian Forces Military Police (CFMP). The RCMP's first responsibility is the enforcement of federal laws, although contract policing for provinces, territories, municipalities, and First Nations
1638-668: A partially-redacted 2019 memo to then- Minister of Public Safety Bill Blair "confirmed" for the Minister that "federal policing responsibilities have been and are being eroded to meet contract demands." Between 2012 and 2020, the RCMP gradually closed its money laundering and financial crimes units in British Columbia and Ontario, and in 2019, there were no RCMP officers in B.C. dedicated to investigating money laundering. In 2021, an all-party federal parliamentary committee recommended terminating
1764-554: A police circle, which comprises two or more police stations. In this capacity, they are known as circle inspectors (CI). Inspectors oversee investigations and co-ordinate law enforcement operations in their respective jurisdictions, and may also head special units. Their insignia is three stars with a ribbon that is half red and half blue. The rank is above sub-inspector and below additional superintendent of police and deputy superintendent of police . Inspectors, along with sub-inspectors and assistant sub-inspectors, comprise around 13% of
1890-602: A program that allowed Indigenous governments to appoint federal judges to enforce Indigenous laws in specialized courts in 2004, and as of 2022, few Indigenous governments exercise their powers to enact and enforce by-laws. Several First Nations, such as the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation in northern Ontario , rely on police services to enforce by-laws, while others maintain dedicated by-law enforcement agencies. First Nations in Alberta , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba can maintain special constabularies for
2016-670: A railway line or as it relates to railway operations. As of 2023, the Canadian National Railway , the Canadian Pacific Kansas City railway, and Via Rail — a Crown Corporation — each maintain their own police service. TransLink , the transit authority for the Metro Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia , maintains a police force authorized by the province as opposed to
2142-633: A review of nine Canadian police services in 2016 found that there were no significant differences in cost or service quality between regional and non-regional police forces, and a separate 2015 literature review found that larger police services are less effective and more expensive than those serving about 50 000 people. As of 2022, police regionalization continues to be proposed by both provinces and municipalities, particularly in metropolitan areas where several urban municipalities that border one another each maintain independent police services. In 2022, there were 70 566 active police officers in Canada, out of
2268-489: A role in selecting detachment commanders, and review police service performance, including complaints, on a regular basis. In Quebec, contract police services are available to any municipality — outside of those in urban agglomerations — with fewer than 50,000 residents. In 2021, a provincial committee recommended that the population threshold for contract police services be raised to 130,000 residents and that police forces serving populations under this threshold be folded into
2394-461: A single star on his epaulettes until 1936, when this changed to a star over two bars to accommodate the new rank of junior station inspector (wearing a star over one bar). In the United States, the term inspector can have very different meanings depending on the law enforcement agency. An inspector in a US municipal police department is more likely to be a senior executive officer, analogous to
2520-953: A special constabulary to provide general community safety services. In Yukon and the Northwest Territories , First Nations can hire "community safety officers", who — unlike community safety officers in Saskatchewan — have no law enforcement or police powers and are instead tasked with patrolling communities, engaging with residents, and responding to emergencies. Many of these agencies are composed mostly or entirely of elders. Some First Nations in Saskatchewan operate "peacekeeper" programs, whose staff do not have law enforcement or police powers, to respond to non-violent calls for service, vehicle accidents, and fires. Similar programmes exist in Winnipeg, Manitoba , where volunteer organizations like
2646-458: A thorough revocation of the recent administrative reforms. He further reconfirmed the Gauleiters ’ status as his personal agents. The positions of Landesinspekteur and Reichsinspekteur were abolished. All ten Landesinspekteurs were returned to their former Gauleiter positions. Thus, the new organizational scheme did not survive Strasser's fall, and these two Inspekteur ranks disappeared from
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#17328732957402772-401: A total authorized strength (the maximum number of officers all the police forces in Canada combined are allowed to hire) of 74 528. Additionally, there were 32 717 non-sworn support personnel employed by police services across the country. Canadian police strength reached a peak in 1975, when there were 206 officers per 100,000 people. Although the current number reflects a significant rise in
2898-476: A transit agency, housing authority, park authority, or university campus; proactive community policing, crime prevention, and enhanced civil law enforcement for a municipality or First Nation; or security policing and law enforcement for an institution or legislature. Unlike police services, special constabularies only provide supplementary policing and do not replace the police service of jurisdiction. Although officers employed by special constabularies have
3024-602: A variety of categories and are referred to by different titles depending on the individual employer and role. They include sworn special constables and peace officers providing a variety of frontline police services; forensic and crime scene investigators; criminal investigators; clerical administrators; volunteers; and media affairs specialists. Individual police services may refer to non-police specialists as "police staff," "civilian employees," or "professional staff." Special constables and other peace officers employed in enforcement and frontline policing roles operate under
3150-1080: A variety of different designations depending on the individual police service and relevant provincial regulation: some police services categorize these officers as civilian or professional staff, while others categorize them as sworn employees in a category distinct from police officers. The Winnipeg Police Service and Vancouver Police Department both employ special constables to guard crime scenes, respond to some non-violent calls for service, and direct traffic at emergencies. The Saskatoon Police Service employs special constables, referred to as "alternative response officers," to guard crime scenes, direct traffic at emergencies and events, and conduct foot patrols in high-crime areas. The File Hills First Nations Police Service employs special constables to fulfill almost all community policing duties in member reserves, manage police stations and police records, conduct traffic enforcement, and respond to some calls for service. Police services in Ontario have practiced tiered policing since
3276-560: Is a civil service rank. It is the lowest and therefore the entry rank of the gehobener Dienst (upper service) requiring a degree from a three-year administrative college. The rank is not used in the German police services; there the equivalent of inspector is Kommissar . In earlier times the upper service track was called Inspektorenlaufbahn (inspectors service track) ranging from Inspektor , Oberinspektor (senior inspector), Amtmann , Amtsrat to Oberamtsrat (senior supervisor). The title
3402-620: Is a grade above captain and an inspector is another grade higher, with the insignia of a lieutenant colonel. An inspector is also two grades above a captain in the Baltimore Police Department , Nassau County Police Department and Suffolk County Police Department . Inspector is more rarely used as a rank that is one grade above captain , such as in the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia . This
3528-517: Is a rank senior to station sergeant but junior to chief inspector , leading a sub-unit between 30 and 80 people in day-to-day policing. The rank badge for probationary inspector is one silver pip on his or her epaulette; two silver pips for inspector of police; and two silver pips and one bar for senior inspector of police. The epaulettes rank badge for chief inspector is three silver pips. The epaulettes of all inspectors do not show their unique identification number. Plainclothes detective inspectors have
3654-692: Is at the "heart of what the RCMP does." In addition to its contracts with three territories, eight provinces, 150 municipalities, and more than 600 Indigenous communities, the RCMP is responsible for border integrity; overseeing Canadian peacekeeping missions involving police; managing the Canadian Firearms Program , which licenses and registers firearms and their owners; and the Canadian Police College, which provides police training to Canadian and international police forces. The force has faced criticism for its uniquely broad mandate, and
3780-523: Is equivalent to a major or commander in other departments. The Los Angeles Police Department formerly had a rank of inspector for this purpose. It was changed to commander in 1974. In the police departments of Hayward , California, Oklahoma City and formerly in Berkeley , California, inspector was the rank held by a senior detective. In the San Francisco Police Department , inspector
3906-633: Is generally the next senior rank from senior sub-inspector (SSI) and is less senior than a deputy superintendent of police (DSP). Members holding the rank usually wear an epaulette featuring one pair of crossed kukri , the same rank badge as an inspector in the Armed Police Force . In the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary , the rank of inspector is one level above chief sergeant and below senior inspector. Officer cadets normally graduate and automatically become an inspector. In
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4032-523: Is in the senior police officer category. For National Servicemen , outstanding policemen may be appointed as a National Service probationary inspector. In the National Police Cadet Corps , the rank of probationary inspector is given to officer cadet trainees who have successfully completed their Officers' Basic Training Course or Honorary Officers' Basic Training Course. Probationary inspectors who pass their probationary period will then attain
4158-416: Is reserved for college or police academy educated staff, with six ranks based on seniority (junior police inspector, police inspector, police inspector I class, independent police inspector, senior police inspector, senior police inspector I class and chief police inspector). Although supervisory staff in uniformed police units also hold various police inspector ranks, in common parlance, the title of inspector
4284-551: Is responsible for the enforcement of the Canada National Parks Act , the Species at Risk Act , and park-specific legislation. Each province and territory in Canada operates or authorizes a variety of civil law enforcement agencies, including employment standards and workplace safety offices, animal cruelty organizations, and environmental enforcement services. Because of the wide-ranging regulatory powers of provinces, and
4410-607: Is senior to sub-inspector and junior to chief inspector . In many towns, inspectors would be the officer in charge (OIC) at most police stations . The rank insignia for a police inspector is two stars. All those officers are deemed to be gazzated officers and staff grade officers of public service. In addition to the police, the term inspector is used in other government departments for posts such as chief inspector of excise , inspector of excise , chief inspector of customs , inspector of customs , co-operative inspector , fisheries inspector , public health inspector . Within
4536-519: Is the normal title for a detective. Unlike detectives in most other departments, inspectors in San Francisco always have supervisory duties. This is one of the few modern remaining cases of inspector being used as a title for detectives. A few other police or sheriff's departments, such as the Portsmouth, Rhode Island police department, also use the title in that capacity. Inspector is sometimes used as
4662-461: Is the state's oldest law enforcement agency and was formed in 1921 to combat vehicle theft with the rising sales of Ford's Model T. The agency has kept the title designation of inspector for traditional purposes. The Oregon Liquor Control Commission uses the title of inspector for sworn law enforcement agents who investigate violations of the Liquor Control Act and other related crimes. In
4788-420: Is used on many professional areas that require an inspection service, like Brandinspektor (fire inspector in the fire department), Steuerinspektor (tax inspector in the financial department) and Bauinspektor (building inspector in building control) that are in a supervision position of their department. In many administrations, a corresponding position exists like Regierungsinspektor (government inspector on
4914-454: Is usually used referring to police officers working in plainclothes in criminal investigation units, equivalent to detective in some countries. There are also numerous civilian inspector titles, fitting various inspection and supervision roles within governmental structure of Montenegro (health inspector, tax inspector, tourism inspector, etc.) In the Nepal Police , the rank of inspector
5040-747: The Constitution Act, 1982 as First Nations , Inuit , and Métis peoples, and the law enforcement powers of Indigenous governments vary significantly between the different groups. Métis self-government exists only in eight settlements in Alberta , none of which have the authority to raise police services, but may, with provincial approval, establish bylaw enforcement agencies. The territory of Nunavut and regional government of Kativik , both of which are populated mostly by Inuit peoples, were established after Inuit land claims agreements, but are not exclusive to Inuit peoples, have authority over police services. First Nations and Inuit communities governed by
5166-614: The Indian Act have access to the First Nations and Inuit Policing Program operated by Public Safety Canada and can establish their own police forces, funded entirely by the federal and provincial governments, but most Inuit governments and First Nations that have completed the comprehensive land claims process can only contract police services to a third party police force (although frameworks exist for these Nations to eventually establish their own independent police services). Because of
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5292-519: The British police , inspector is the second supervisory rank . It is senior to that of sergeant , and junior to that of chief inspector . The rank is mostly operational, meaning that inspectors are directly concerned with day-to-day policing. Uniformed inspectors are often responsible for supervising a duty shift made up of constables and sergeants, or act in specialist roles such as supervising road traffic policing . The rank of inspector has existed since
5418-542: The Bureau des enquêtes indépendantes as a provincial police force, but its role is strictly limited to police oversight and its members are appointed as peace officers only for the purposes of investigating police shootings, allegations of sexual assault made against police officers, and other investigations against police officers and special constables as directed by the Minister of Public Security . Municipal police forces make up
5544-730: The Canada Border Services Agency , which manages Canadian ports of entry and enforces the Customs Act , the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act , and the Quarantine Act . The Agency also operates a Criminal Investigations Unit that investigates criminal violations of CBSA-enforced legislation, such as smuggling or immigration fraud. The government of Canada also employs fishery officers , who enforce federal fishing and fishery regulations; transport inspectors , who enforce
5670-697: The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal found that the federal government, which unilaterally sets the budgets for First Nations police forces participating in the First Nations and Inuit Policing Program, engaged in discrimination when it failed to provide adequate funding to the Mashteuiatsh Innu Nation's police force. In 2022, the British Columbia Special Committee on Reforming the Police Act unanimously recommended that
5796-571: The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal . In 2010, there were 38 self-administered First Nation police services in Canada, with one service each in British Columbia , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba ; three services in Alberta ; nine in Ontario ; and 23 in Quebec , although that number had decreased to 22 by 2020. First Nations police services are required to meet different standards in each province. In British Columbia, First Nations police services are considered "designated policing units" and placed in
5922-624: The Criminal Code . CFMP officers have authority over any person subject to the Code of Service Discipline (CSD), regardless of their position or rank, and can charge members of the broader public when a crime is committed on or in relation to DND property or assets, or at the request of the Minister of Public Safety , the Commissioner of the Correctional Service of Canada , or the Commissioner of
6048-668: The Drug Enforcement Administration employ similar positions, but they primarily serve as internal affairs investigators. The United States Park Police changed the rank of inspector to the rank of major, which is between captain and deputy chief. Policing in Canada Law enforcement in Canada is the responsibility of police services , special constabularies , and civil law enforcement agencies , which are operated by every level of government, some private and Crown corporations, and First Nations . In contrast to
6174-551: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), an inspector is a special agent whose main duty is inspecting local field offices and resident agencies to make sure they are operating efficiently. Since FBI inspectors are not tied to any particular field office, they have, in the past, also been used as troubleshooting investigators on major cases. Joseph Sullivan was perhaps the best-known of the Bureau's major case inspectors and served as
6300-551: The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department who carry out investigations and prosecutions on sanitary nuisances and food business irregularities under relevant ordinances. They are characterised by golden stars and yellow rank badges. An inspector of police in India is typically the officer in charge of a police station , and may be designated station house officer (SHO). In rural areas of some states, an inspector of police may be in charge of
6426-620: The French National Police , inspecteur is a former rank of members of the Command and Management Corps. There were several grades of inspecteur , with senior detectives holding the various grades of commissaire . See French National Police for current ranks. In the French customs , inspecteur is the first rank of members of the Command and Management Corps. Currently, in Germany, Inspektor
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#17328732957406552-638: The Metro Vancouver Transit Police and Stlʼatlʼimx Tribal Police Service fall into the same designated policing unit category as the OCABC, they have neither the province-wide mandate nor the direct provincial funding the OCABC does. The Unité permanente anticorruption was created in 2011 and tasked with investigations into corrupt government procurement practices, but relied on secondments from other police services until 2018, when it became its own police force. The Quebec Police Act also defines
6678-620: The Philippines , inspector is a rank in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Bureau of Fire Protection . It is above senior officer 4 (executive master sergeant) and below senior inspector (captain). It is regarded as an equivalent of a lieutenant in the army. It was formerly also used by the Philippine National Police . In Poland , inspector ( inspektor ) is a high rank (above podinspektor and młodszy inspektor , but below nadinspektor ), comparable to colonel of
6804-496: The Railway Safety Act , any federally-regulated railway in Canada can request that a superior court judge appoint railway employees as police officers. These officers are hired, trained, and employed by the railway for the purposes of preventing crimes against the company and the protection of goods, materials, and public rail transit being moved through the railway network, and have nationwide jurisdiction within 500 metres of
6930-487: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police have integrated police officers and non-police specialists directly alongside each other, recruiting non-police experts in computer science and accounting to join cyber and financial crime investigation teams. These investigators are fully integrated into the organization, given limited police authority, and are charged with interviewing witnesses and obtaining and executing search warrants, among other duties. Non-police specialists fall into
7056-590: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police . The ability of CFMP members to enforce provincial legislation varies, however, and in several provinces, CFMP officers can enforce neither traffic legislation nor mental health legislation — even on military bases. The CFMP maintains an investigations branch, the Canadian Forces National Investigation Service , which has the ability to investigate any crime concerning DND property or employees, except for sexual assault and intimate partner violence. Under
7182-726: The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary provides community and provincial police services to select urban communities in Newfoundland and Labrador , and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia , the Unité permanente anticorruption , and the Bureau des enquêtes indépendantes provide specialized criminal law enforcement services in British Columbia and Quebec. The Ontario Provincial Police and Sûreté du Québec are responsible for both provincial police services, such as
7308-414: The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary to police some of its urban communities, delegates this responsibility to municipalities. The federal government also maintains its own police service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , which provinces and territories can contract to provide provincial and municipal policing. Every Canadian territory and province, with the exceptions of Ontario and Quebec , relies on
7434-610: The United States or Mexico , and with the exception of the Unité permanente anticorruption (English: Permanent Anti-corruption Unit) in Quebec and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia , there are no organizations dedicated exclusively to the investigation of criminal activity in Canada. Criminal investigations are instead conducted by police services, which maintain specialized criminal investigation units in addition to their mandate for emergency response and general community safety. Canada's provinces are responsible for
7560-617: The Vancouver Police Department , the rank insignia are three pips, similar to the insignia of an army captain, while in others including the Toronto Police Service and Peel Regional Police , the insignia consists of two maple leaves, similar to an army lieutenant's insignia. Provincial police services and the majority of municipal police services, such as the Toronto Police Service have a staff inspector rank, which ranks above inspector and below superintendent. In
7686-577: The 1981 reorganization and demilitarization of the corps; an Ispettore is thus a sergeant of several sorts, above the rank of Sovrintendente ( superintendent , which is somewhat equal to a senior corporal ) and under the rank of Commissario (commissioner). There are three four inspector ranks in the Polizia di Stato : Vice Ispettore (assistant inspector), Ispettore (inspector), Ispettore Capo ( chief inspector ) and Ispettore Superiore (special inspector, or superior inspector), roughly equivalent to
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#17328732957407812-636: The 1990s, a framework has existed for First Nations to establish their own police services, funded entirely by the federal and provincial governments and regulated by provinces. These police services generally receive less funding compared to other Canadian police forces — for example, in 2016, the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service in Ontario received only 36% of the funding that the Ontario Provincial Police estimated it would cost to police
7938-444: The 1990s, several municipal police forces were amalgamated (alongside, in many cases, the municipalities they served) into new, regional organizations in the interest of creating efficiencies and reducing costs. As of 2022, there are regional police forces in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The adoption of regional policing has been controversial, however, and
8064-454: The 23 different pieces of federal transportation legislation the Minister of Transport is responsible for; and Environment and Climate Change Canada enforcement officers , who are responsible for enforcing federal environmental regulations. The Canada Revenue Agency operates a variety of compliance and enforcement divisions, but its proactive criminal enforcement unit, which collaborated with RCMP officers to break up organized crime rings,
8190-543: The Bear Clan Patrol and the Mama Bear Clan conduct regular patrols of Indigenous neighbourhoods, liaise with Winnipeg Police to search for missing people, and deliver food to unhoused residents. Tiered policing is a model of specialization in police service delivery that involves hiring specially-trained, non-police employees to assume responsibility over areas of a police service's traditional mandate. In contrast to
8316-417: The First Nations and Inuit Policing Program be replaced with a "new legislative and funding framework, consistent with international and domestic policing best practices and standards," and noted that "a truly decolonized lens would see Indigenous police services as an option for neighbouring municipalities or regions." Earlier that same year, the federal government began engaging First Nations about changes to
8442-1091: The House of Commons Security Services, Senate Protective Service, and the RCMP parliamentary precinct detachment. The Service, which was formed after the 2014 Parliament Hill shooting , is not a special constabulary, and only some of its members have the powers of a peace officer. In Alberta , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba , municipalities and First Nations are able to raise special constabularies to provide community police services; enforce non-criminal legislation; and assist jurisdictional police in securing crime and incident scenes. These agencies are composed of community peace officers (in Alberta), community safety officers (in Saskatchewan), and community/First Nation safety officers (in Manitoba) who are authorized to enforce municipal by-laws and provincial legislation, make arrests and detain members of
8568-692: The Legislative District Security Unit, the Provincial Protective Service (responsible for the provincial highway patrol, sheriffs officers, and conservation officers) maintains a special constabulary that patrols Wascana Centre , the park that surrounds the provincial legislature. The federal parliament buildings in Ottawa are protected by the Parliamentary Protective Service , which was formed by amalgamating
8694-418: The OCABC still technically exists as of 2022, its officers are limited to conducting operations and investigations within the CFSEU-BC, where it has been it largely superseded by RCMP and municipal police officers seconded to the unit. Despite its status as the core agency of the combined unit, the CFSEU-BC is governed by RCMP policies and procedures rather than the policies and procedures of the OCABC. Although
8820-448: The Party organization. Inspector Inspector , also police inspector or inspector of police , is a police rank. The rank or position varies in seniority depending on the organization that uses it. In Australian police forces, the rank of inspector is generally the next senior rank from senior sergeant and is less senior than a superintendent (in the cases of the Queensland Police and Western Australia Police ) in
8946-472: The RCMP to provide at least some provincial or municipal police services. The exact duties of Canadian police forces vary significantly: each province regulates the basic responsibilities of police services in their jurisdiction. In Ontario , for example, police services are obliged to provide at least five core police services — crime prevention, law enforcement, maintenance of the public peace, emergency response, and assistance to victims of crime — to fulfill
9072-634: The RCMP's contract policing program, and Public Safety Minister Marco Mendicino was mandated to conduct a review of RCMP contract policing when he took office in 2022. The CFMP provides police, security, and operational support services to the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and the Department of National Defence (DND). As a military police force, the CFMP does not have a frontline community policing role, but CFMP members are considered peace officers under
9198-728: The Saskatchewan Highway Patrol, have the authority to enforce criminal legislation in addition to their primary mandate to enforce civil legislation, while others are limited to enforcing only a handful of by-laws. Regardless of the breadth of their legislative authority, all civil law enforcement officers in Canada are considered peace officers for the purposes of carrying out their duties, and may be variously appointed as special constables, municipal law enforcement officers, provincial offences officers, or generically as peace officers. The federal government maintains several civil law enforcement agencies, most prominent among them
9324-544: The Sûreté du Québec. The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary is a provincial police force, but does not provide provincial police services across the entire province. Instead, the responsibility for provincial police services is split between the RCMP, which provides local and provincial police services to Newfoundland and Labrador 's largely rural interior, and the Constabulary, which provides local and provincial police services to
9450-606: The armed forces. In the Romanian Police , inspector is a rank senior to subinspector and junior to inspector principal and corresponds to the former rank of police lieutenant ( see Romanian Police § Ranks ). In the Singapore Police Force , there are several ranks that have the title of inspector in it. In the junior police officer category, there is the rank of station inspector, senior station inspector and senior station inspector (2). The title of inspector
9576-449: The authority to investigate crimes and make arrests or issue citations for offences that occur in their area of authority, and some special constabularies may even have primary or exclusive responsibility for some low-level criminal offences or civil law enforcement in that area; they do not have ultimate responsibility for law enforcement and policing, and special constabularies are required to turn certain offences over to, or operate under
9702-444: The authority to supersede the Gauleiters ’ directives, if necessary. The new organization was opposed by many Gauleiters , as it imposed additional layers of Party bureaucracy between them and Hitler. They always had considered themselves as Hitler’s direct agents in their jurisdictions, and were used to reporting directly to him. The position of Inspekteur was denoted on Nazi Party brown shirts by either one of two collar bars worn on
9828-654: The bulk of Canadian police services, and are generally responsible for all criminal matters within their jurisdiction. There are municipal police services in nine provinces, with 12 in British Columbia , seven in Alberta , 12 in Saskatchewan , 10 in Manitoba , 44 in Ontario , 31 in Quebec , nine in New Brunswick , 10 in Nova Scotia , and three in Prince Edward Island . Almost every major city in Canada maintains
9954-953: The bulk of these organizations are an evolution of the band constable system introduced in the 1960s. Band constables were peace officers tasked with enforcing First Nation by-laws and assisting local police. The programme was terminated in 2015 and replaced by special constabularies in Alberta , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba , while in New Brunswick , the officers were replaced by locally-hired civilian RCMP employees tasked with delivering crime prevention and community engagement programmes. The special constabularies have responsibility over enforcing provincial and First Nation legislation and are generally prohibited from conducting Criminal Code enforcement. Other First Nations maintain law enforcement divisions tasked exclusively with enforcing First Nation by-laws. These organizations typically have no authority to enforce provincial or federal legislation. The Musqueam First Nation in British Columbia maintains
10080-552: The by-laws of a transit authority, for example, are enforced by that transit authority, while federal environmental regulations are enforced by the federal government. The federal government maintains its own police force, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP, popularly known in English-speaking areas as the "Mounties"), which provides federal criminal law enforcement and contract police services to provinces and municipalities that do not maintain their own police forces. Since
10206-952: The cost of policing, but that implementation efforts have been hampered by negative cultural perceptions within police services about non-police specialists and confusion over their role. Some non-police specialists have reported demeaning treatment or exclusion from workplace events, while others have highlighted under-utilization of their expertise or, conversely, expectations to participate in law enforcement activities they are neither trained nor authorized to participate in. Some police services have failed to provide meaningful career advancement or professional development opportunities to non-police staff, and have instead siloed their personnel management strategies between sworn police officers and non-police staff; or they have filled positions intended for non-police specialists with police officers who otherwise would need to be placed on leave for an injury or conduct investigation. Alternatively, police forces like
10332-422: The development and maintenance of police forces and special constabularies, and every province except Newfoundland and Labrador delegates this responsibility to municipalities, which can establish their own police forces or contract with a neighbouring community or the province for police services. Civil law enforcement, however, is the responsibility of the level or agency of government that developed those laws —
10458-523: The election in a more effective and disciplined manner. On 15 July 1932, the Party Gauleiters were subordinated to ten new officials titled Landesinspekteurs , each with oversight responsibilities for several Gaue within a specified geographic area. (See tables.) These new Landesinspekteurs were taken from the ranks of the existing Gauleiters , and vacated their Gau posts. Most were trusted colleagues of Strasser, and had worked with him when he
10584-466: The enforcement of Indigenous and provincial legislation. Some First Nations police services, citing a lack of legitimacy or prosecutability, will not enforce Indigenous laws. Several First Nations and Indigenous communities operate special constabularies or other law enforcement agencies with limited law enforcement powers, while others operate community safety agencies with no law enforcement powers. Although similar functions existed pre-colonization,
10710-582: The enforcement of court orders is the responsibility of the Superior Court of Justice Enforcement Office, which was named and is still sometimes referred to as the sheriff's office. Every municipality in Canada is authorized to develop and enforce municipal by-laws , but each province and territory regulates the authority of municipal law enforcement agencies differently. In British Columbia , Manitoba , Ontario , Nova Scotia , and Prince Edward Island , municipal enforcement agencies are generally limited to
10836-470: The enforcement of municipal legislation and operate on an as-requested basis. In all three territories, as well as the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador , Quebec , Saskatchewan , and Alberta , some — but not all — municipal enforcement agencies also enforce provincial legislation and control traffic. Several municipalities rely on police services or contracted commissionaires for bylaw enforcement. Indigenous peoples in Canada are defined in
10962-482: The federal Railway Safety Act . Some smaller railways and transit authorities, such as GO Transit , also maintain provincially-regulated special constabularies to protect passengers and property. These agencies are authorized by provincial governments and are not related to federally-authorized Railway Safety Act police forces. Railway police have attracted scrutiny and criticism for their privately-funded nature and role in investigating train derailments. In 2020,
11088-533: The federal level), Stadtinspektor / Stadtverwaltungsinspektor (city administration inspector), Kreisinspektor / Kreisverwaltungsinspektor (county administration inspector) that serve in supervision of the department. In some regions Inspektor is a colloquial name for any police officer, just like in Austria. In the Hong Kong Police Force , inspector (including probationary inspector, ( senior inspector )
11214-546: The federal or provincial governments for police services. The policing of Indigenous communities in Canada has long been fraught with racial tension , inequitable police service delivery, and the enforcement of colonial laws and practices. Beginning in the 1960s, the federal government began to withdraw RCMP officers from reserves in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in favour of provincial control over First Nations policing. Between 1990 and 1995, there were several high-profile conflicts between Indigenous protesters demanding
11340-631: The foundation of the Metropolitan Police , formed in 1829 , when it was used to designate the rank immediately below that of superintendent , and many Commonwealth police forces also use the term. Plainclothes detective inspectors are equal in rank to their uniformed counterparts, the prefix " detective " identifying them as having been trained in criminal investigation and being part of or attached to their force's Criminal Investigation Department (CID). The epaulettes of uniformed inspectors, unlike those of constables and sergeants, do not show
11466-458: The history of the Canadian reserve system, which operated on the assumption that Indigenous families required less land than settler families and routinely gave away reserve lands to settlers without Indigenous consultation or consent, many reserves are too small to sustain independent police forces, requiring First Nations to form regional police agencies with neighbouring communities or contract with
11592-412: The integrated role of special constables employed by police services. Civil law enforcement agencies are responsible for the specialized enforcement of civil legislation. Civil law enforcement agencies are maintained by every level of government, a variety of government corporations and authorities, and First Nations . The powers of civil law enforcement agencies vary significantly. Some, such as
11718-422: The list of service ranks. The current police service has an inspectors service track with Inspektor being the entry level – it is followed by Revierinspektor (precinct inspector), Gruppeninspektor (group inspector), Bezirksinspektor (district inspector), Abteilungsinspektor (section inspector), Kontrollinspektor (control inspector) and Chefinspektor (chief inspector). In most Canadian police services
11844-451: The model are common across Canada, and tiered policing is practiced in Yukon , the Northwest Territories , British Columbia , Alberta , Saskatchewan , Manitoba , Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , and Newfoundland and Labrador . Literature and research into tiered policing has generally found that tiered delivery models are successful in increasing police efficacy and reducing
11970-471: The model for Inspector Lew Erskine, the fictional character played by Efrem Zimbalist Jr. in the 1965–1974 ABC TV series The FBI . Samuel P. Cowley was an FBI inspector in the late 1920s and 1930s who assisted in bringing down notorious gangsters such as John Dillinger in the early 1930s, before his death in November 1934 in a gun battle with Baby Face Nelson . The United States Marshals Service and
12096-400: The more populous, less remote provinces. A special constabulary is any law enforcement organization composed of special constables or other peace officers ― as opposed to police officers ― with a mandate for criminal law enforcement and/or proactive peacekeeping and security. Their members are usually unarmed, and their duties may consist of providing frontline specialized police services for
12222-622: The northeast Avalon Peninsula (metropolitan St. John's ); the Bay of Islands and the Humber Valley (metropolitan Corner Brook ); and western Labrador ( Churchill Falls , Labrador City , and Wabush ). The Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia (OCABC) is legally defined as a designated policing unit, and is the "core agency" of the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit – British Columbia (CFSEU-BC). Although
12348-466: The organizational structure by imposing an additional layer of supervision on the then existing 44 Gauleiters in Germany and Austria. Strasser sought to improve organizational control of the Party throughout the country ahead of the upcoming 31 July 1932 election to the German Reichstag . The overall objective was to give the Party the kind of organisational structure that would allow it to contest
12474-417: The other Australian police forces . Members holding the rank usually wear an epaulette featuring three silver pips, the same rank badge as a captain in the army . In addition to the general rank of inspector, some police forces use other ranks such as detective inspector and district inspector. In Austria a similar scheme was used as in Germany. At some point the police inspector was completely removed from
12600-528: The policing of provincial highways, investigation of major crimes, and protection of provincial leaders, and the delivery of local police services to municipalities that do not maintain their own police forces, usually under contract. In Ontario, the OPP provides police services to municipalities without independent police forces regardless of whether or not there is a contract in place for them to do so, but contracts enable municipalities to direct police priorities, have
12726-586: The prefix "detective" identifying them as having been trained in criminal investigation and being part of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) or Organised Crime Triad Bureau (OCTB). Several of the HKP's past and current commissioner of chiefs joined the force as a probationary inspector. The Customs and Excise Department also has an inspector rank but with bronze stars and bars rank badges instead. In addition, there are health inspectors from
12852-476: The presence of a commissioner; when this happens, the officer is named Ispettore Superiore – Sostituto Commissario (special inspector – substitute commissioner). Inspectors can serve either in uniformed patrol duties, plainclothed patrol duties, or as detectives. The inspector ranks are the highest that an Italian police officer can reach without having a university degree. In the Royal Malaysia Police ,
12978-709: The program and Indigenous police legislation. Every form of Indigenous government has the power to enact and enforce by-laws. Métis settlements receive their authority from the Alberta Metis Settlements Act , and First and Inuit nations receive their authority either from the Indian Act or the relevant comprehensive land claim agreement. However, because the Indian Act does not specify whether by-law violations should be prosecuted in federal or provincial and territorial courts, some provincial courts will not prosecute Indigenous laws. The federal government ended
13104-502: The province of Alberta has gradually expanded the mandate and powers of its sheriffs service , which now maintains a highway patrol, a criminal investigations unit, and provides legislative security to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta . Ontario is the only province or territory in Canada that does not maintain a sheriffs service — instead, court security and prisoner transport duties are handled by local police services, and
13230-510: The province's requirement for "adequate and effective policing," while in neighbouring Quebec , the responsibilities of a police force are dependent on the population it serves. Other jurisdictions, such as Manitoba and British Columbia , do not define adequate and effective policing, although individual regulations in both of those provinces set out basic responsibilities of police forces. Individual police services may also take on additional duties, such as municipal by-law enforcement, or have
13356-755: The provinces of Alberta , Saskatchewan , and New Brunswick deploy armed commercial vehicle enforcement officers. Some provinces, such as Ontario , empower provincial corporations and authorities to establish and maintain their own civil law enforcement agencies, separate from the provincial government. Almost every province and territory in Canada maintains a sheriffs service, although their role and powers vary between jurisdictions. In most provinces and all three territories, sheriffs are limited to providing courtroom security, enforcing court orders, and transporting offenders to and from court. In Quebec , sheriffs have no security function and are instead limited to enforcing court orders and selecting juries. Since 2006,
13482-872: The public, conduct traffic stops, and, in some cases, conduct investigations into non-emergency criminal offences. Officers employed by these agencies are generally unarmed, but may carry firearms to destroy injured animals. Because these special constabularies are provincially regulated, the exact duties, powers, and regulations governing their operations vary slightly between each province. In Manitoba, for example, community/First Nation safety officers are strictly prohibited from enforcing criminal legislation, while some officers in Saskatchewan and Alberta are empowered to enforce certain Criminal Code violations. Although special constables are often employed by special constabularies, they are also be employed by government agencies that require investigators or traffic agents to have some police authority, by police services as part of
13608-540: The purposes of protecting their provincial legislatures . Select special constables in British Columbia and Ontario were armed with handguns in the wake of the 2014 Parliament Hill shooting . In Alberta , legislative security is provided by the Alberta Sheriffs Branch , an armed provincial law enforcement agency also responsible for courtroom security, traffic enforcement on provincial highways, and some criminal investigations. In Saskatchewan , in addition to
13734-637: The rank of Brigadir Polisi Kepala (chief police brigadier). In the Garda Síochána in the Republic of Ireland , inspectors ( Irish : cigire ) are senior to sergeants and junior to superintendents . Inspectors may be either detectives or in uniform. There is no rank of chief inspector in the Garda . In the Polizia di Stato , the position of Ispettore (inspector) replaced the rank of Maresciallo (marshal) after
13860-457: The rank of inspector is one level above sub-inspector and one level below assistant superintendent. There are two stages: probation inspector (probation lasts within three years) and inspector. Inspectors are recruited differently from normal police constables, requiring at least a degree, and their training is longer. In the Police of Montenegro , the title of police inspector ( policijski inspektor )
13986-436: The rank of inspector is the first officer/commissioned officer rank, above that of staff sergeant . It is usually immediately below the rank of superintendent . Depending on the police force, an inspector may be considered senior management. The rank insignia of an inspector in Canada is usually a crown on the epaulettes, the insignia of a major in the army. In some police services such as the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary or
14112-624: The rank of inspector. The rank insignia of probationary inspector and inspector is two pips, with the letters NPCC below it, so as to differentiate NPCC inspectors from Singapore Police Force personnel. In Spain , the rank of inspector exists in the National Police Force of Spain ( Cuerpo Nacional de Policía ), the Catalan Police Force , and several municipal police forces. In the Sri Lanka Police , inspector of police (IP)
14238-457: The ranks ranging from junior sergeant to second lieutenant . A fifth position, called Ispettore Superiore S.U.P.S. , where the acronym stands for Sostituto Ufficiale di Pubblica Sicurezza (special inspector – substitute public safety commissioned officer), is used to designate those inspectors which can act as substitutes for commissioners in the chain of command under certain situations, or in police detachments that are too small to require
14364-508: The return of lands to which they had Aboriginal title and non-Indigenous police forces, resulting in the death of a police officer — Corporal Marcel Lemay of the Sûreté du Québec — and an unarmed Indigenous protester named Dudley George . During the 1995 Gustafsen Lake standoff , an RCMP commander reportedly told a subordinate to kill a prominent Indigenous demonstrator and "smear the prick and everyone with him," and an RCMP media liaison officer
14490-534: The same area. Police services in Canada are responsible for the maintenance of the King's peace through emergency response to and intervention against violence; investigations into criminal offences and the enforcement of criminal law; and the enforcement of some civil law, such as traffic violations. Constitutionally, the delivery of police services is the responsibility of provinces and territories , but every province except for Newfoundland and Labrador , which maintains
14616-778: The same category as the Metro Vancouver Transit Police . In Alberta, First Nations police services cannot maintain specialized resources, such as police dogs, and must consult with the RCMP before completing investigations into major crimes. In Quebec, however, First Nations police services have the "same missions, responsibilities, and powers [as non-Indigenous police forces] under Quebec police law." First Nations police services in Ontario are considered programs, not essential services, and are not required to meet standards under that province's Police Services Act unless police leadership decides to apply for an opt-in. Many First Nations police services face serious funding shortfalls. In January 2006, two Indigenous men burned to death and an officer
14742-602: The supervision of, the jurisdictional police service. In Canada, special constables (referred to as peace officers in Alberta and safety officers in Manitoba ) are sworn peace officers granted police powers to enforce specific legislation in a distinct context or geographic area, and may be employed by a range of organizations other than special constabularies . Special constabularies are generally referred to as special constable services, protective services, or, in some cases, as police services. British Columbia , Ontario , and Saskatchewan maintain special constabularies for
14868-453: The technical, specialized nature of much of civil law enforcement, many provincial civil law enforcement agencies operate in obscurity. The two most prominent uniformed civil law enforcement services operated by provinces and territories are commercial vehicle and conservation enforcement agencies, which usually maintain proactive patrols and education programs. While conservation officers in every province and territory are routinely armed, only
14994-597: The title for internal affairs investigators within a police or sheriff's department, including in Florida's Alachua County Sheriff's Office . In the Wisconsin State Patrol , and others, inspectors are state troopers assigned to the motor carrier safety inspection unit where they enforce trucking laws and regulations. The Michigan State Police recognizes inspector as a formal rank. Unlike municipal or county police/sheriffs' inspectors, Michigan State Police inspectors are
15120-523: The total police personnel in India. In the Indonesian National Police , there are four levels of inspector, which are Inspektur Polisi Satu (first police inspector), Inspektur Polisi Dua (senior police inspector), Ajun Inspektur Polisi Satu (first police inspector adjutant ), and Ajun Inspektur Polisi Dua (second police inspector adjutant). Those ranks are below the rank of Ajun Komisaris Polisi (police commissioner adjutant) and above
15246-521: The total police strength in the country (the highest in twelve years after steady declines in the 1980s and 1990s), Canada still employs fewer police officers per capita than Wales (262/100,000). Provincially, Nova Scotia had the highest number of officers per capita (193.8/100,000) in 2019. The lowest numbers per capita were in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick . The three territories , while having far fewer police officers in absolute terms, have around twice as many police officers per capita as
15372-493: The use of separate organizations to deliver certain frontline police services is also common, particularly in rural areas or in communities that do not maintain an independent police service. In these communities, independent special constabularies , civil law enforcement agencies , and community safety agencies are tasked with delivering basic frontline policing and community safety duties while police services respond to serious criminal violations. As of 2024, both forms of
15498-541: Was a principal organizer of the Party in northern Germany in the early 1920s. These Landesinspekteurs , in turn, reported to one of two new Reichsinspekteurs , either Paul Schulz or Robert Ley , both of whom served as close protégés of Strasser in the Party's Reichsleitung (Reich Leadership Office) in Munich . The Landesinspekteurs were independent agents, given the authority to conduct surprise Gau inspections day or night, without advance notice. They also were given
15624-774: Was disbanded after budget cuts in 2012. (The RCMP disbanded its various counterparts to the CRA's criminal enforcement unit between 2012 and 2020.) The federal government also operates the Competition Bureau , which enforces the Competition Act , the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act , the Textile Labelling Act and the Precious Metals Marking Act . Parks Canada maintains a park warden service, which
15750-622: Was quoted as saying that "smear campaigns are [the RCMP's] specialty." The federal government created the First Nations and Inuit Policing Program in 1992, which scholars have called the first "comprehensive national policing strategy for [a country's] Aboriginal peoples." The Program was designed to allow First Nations and Inuit communities to create their own police forces that met the provincial standards for non-Indigenous police services, or establish their own RCMP detachment staffed by Indigenous officers, but has been criticized as underfunded and discriminatory by Indigenous groups, police chiefs, and
15876-421: Was seriously injured in a rescue attempt at a Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service detachment that the police force could not afford to bring into compliance with the fire code. (Two years later, the service had only one detachment that met provincial standards.) Other First Nations police services have struggled to pay for officers' wages and benefits or fill frontline positions because of budget shortfalls. In 2022,
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