71-705: The Reichsgesetzblatt ( lit. ' Reich Law Gazette ' or ' Imperial Law Gazette ' ; abbreviated RGBl. ), was the government gazette of the German Reich from 1871 to 1945, thus covering the German Empire , the Weimar Republic , and Nazi Germany . All laws of the German Reich in a formal sense (i.e., all laws that have been passed through the prescribed legislative process) had to be promulgated in it to become legally existent. At least since
142-675: A bill of eleven billion Goldmarks to be paid to the Allied powers, while its original capital was valued at fifteen billion Goldmarks. These terms were later amended in the Young Plan . Nevertheless, the Great Depression and the regular payment of war reparations (about 660 million Reichsmarks annually) put a considerable strain on the Reichsbahn. Not until the Lausanne Conference of 1932
213-456: A law was enacted providing for the establishment of a state-owned Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft ("German Imperial Railway Company", DRG) as a public holding company to operate the national railways. The aim was to earn profits which, under the Dawes Plan, were to be used to contribute to Germany's war reparations. At the same time as the Reichsbahn law was enacted, the company was handed
284-672: A promulgating organ of legal norms. After the Anschluss , the scope of application of the Reichsgesetzblatt was extended to Austria on 15 March 1938. Laws especially pertaining to Austria were printed in the Reichsgesetzblatt and the Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich [ de ] (Law Gazette for the Land of Austria): The later was, however, discontinued in March 1940 and only
355-507: A rolling memorial to the thousands of youth and children who were deported from all over Europe, many via the Reichsbahn , to the camps. A certain amount of controversy has surrounded the train's tour through Germany, in part because of the apparent lack of cooperation on the part of Deutsche Bahn AG (DB AG) concerning such matters as compensation for the use of the DB AG's right of way (during
426-590: A self-declared socialist state, the German Democratic Republic (commonly known as East Germany), on 7 October 1949. One month prior, on 7 September 1949, the railway systems in the three western zones (the Federal Republic of Germany ), were reunified and renamed the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB – German Federal Railways). On the formation of East Germany on 7 October 1949, the railway system in
497-663: A very different purpose. Taking lead from the German Labor Front, the Deutsche Reichsbahn took part in the conflict of intermarriage in Germany. In August 1933 Robert Ley, leader of Reich Labor, demanded that those administrators working for the German Labor Front be married only to German individuals. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took the lead in discriminating against intermarried workers, firing German employees married to Jews and forbidding intermarried Germans from working there in
568-449: Is cited its abbreviation RGBl., the respective year (volume) and the page number is given. If a publication in the gazette after (and including 1922) is cited, the respective part of the RGBl. – Part I or Part II – is also provided by adding "I" or "II" after the year. If a specific law is cited and its year is given and it is the same as the volume of the Reichsgesetzblatt , the year
639-560: Is usually omitted in the citation. " RGBl. 1896 S. 195 " (or RGBl. 1896 p. 195) thus gives the citation for the original version of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German civil code) on page 195 of the 1896 volume of the Reichsgesetzblatt , while " RGBl. 1933 I S. 141 " or ( RGBl. 1933 I p. 195) provides the citation for the Enabling Act of 1933 on page 141 of part I of
710-540: The Bundesgesetzblatt (Federal Law Gazette) for Germany (1949–) and the Gesetzblatt der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik [ de ] (Law Gazette of the German Democratic Republic) for East Germany , which was published from 1949 to 1990. The Reichsgesetzblatt is commonly cited in two ways, depending on the year: If a publication in the gazette up to (and including) year 1921
781-606: The Polnischen Staatsbahnen (PKP) , but from November 1939 by the Ostbahn (Generalgouvernement). In the campaigns against Poland , Denmark , France, Yugoslavia , Greece etc. the newly acquired standard gauge networks could be used without difficulty. By contrast, after the start of the invasion of Russia on 22 June 1941, the problem arose of transferring troops and materiel to Soviet broad gauge lines or converting them to German standard gauge. Confounding German plans,
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#1733085794179852-626: The Schienenzeppelin in its record run on 21 June 1931 when it reached a top speed of 230.2 km/h (143.0 mph). Before the Second World War the most important railway lines ran in an east–west direction. The high-speed lines at that time were on the Prussian Eastern Railway which ran through the Polish corridor (albeit slower there due to the poor state of the tracks),
923-543: The Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft was placed under Reich sovereignty and was given the name Deutsche Reichsbahn . The Reichsbahn had an important logistic role in supporting the rapid movement of the troops of the Wehrmacht , for example: In all the occupied lands the Reichsbahn endeavoured to incorporate the captured railways (rolling stock and infrastructure) into their system. Even towards
994-556: The Reichsbahn were crucial to the conduct of Germany's military offensives. The preparations for the invasion of Russia saw the greatest troop deployment by rail in history. Characteristic of the first six and a half years of this period was the exponential growth of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , which was almost exclusively due to the takeover of other national railways. This affected both parts of foreign state railways (in Austria
1065-601: The Reichsgesetzblatt and Article 71 again established that – in the absence of a special provision – they entered into force 14 days after their publication. During Nazi Germany (1933–1945), Article 70 of 1919 Weimar Constitution formally remained in force, but the rule that laws entered into force 14 days after publication was only used once (for the Reichsbürgergesetz [ de ] ), because all other laws had their own special provision for their entry into force. The predecessors of
1136-522: The Reichsgesetzblatt was used thereafter. In the wake of the Antiqua–Fraktur dispute , the Reichsgesetzblatt stopped using the typeface class Fraktur and began using Antiqua beginning with its first issue of 1942. The last issue (No. 10) of the Reichsgesetzblatt was published in its part I on 11 April 1945, five days before the Battle of Berlin began. Its successors are
1207-736: The Reichsgesetzblatt were the Bundes-Gesetzblatt für den Norddeutschen Bund [ de ] (Federal Law Gazette for the North German Confederation), the official journal of the North German Confederation , which was established on 26 July 1867, and the older Gesetzessammlung [ de ] of the Kingdom of Prussia . The Reichsgesetzblatt was first issued – as No. 19 – under this name on 8 May 1871. The issues No. 1 to 3 of
1278-491: The Reichsgesetzblatt – always covering one year – were numbered chronologically. The Reichsgesetzblatt was split into two parts on 1 April 1922; a proclamation of 6 March 1922 explained the splitting: Part II of the gazette should henceforth print those "publications that experience has shown to take up a lot of space and that many customers can do without", while laws and publications on all others topics would be published in part I. A list of topics
1349-408: The Reichsgesetzblatt . If no special provision was made, they entered into force 14 days after their publication. The gazette thus had a significant role in the formation of the laws of the empire. This role continued during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933): Article 70 of the 1919 Weimar Constitution commanded that laws had to be published within a month of their adoption in
1420-819: The Reichsbahn-Generaldirektion in the British Zone under Director General Max Leibbrand in Bielefeld. In the French Occupation Zone, the railways were grouped into the Operating Association of the Southwest German Railways ( Betriebsvereinigung der Südwestdeutschen Eisenbahnen ) with its headquarters in Speyer. The Operating Association included the railway divisions of Karlsruhe (in
1491-586: The Bundesrat . In the wake of the stipulations of the Weimar Constitution of 11 August 1919, the state treaty on the foundation of the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen ("German Reich Railways") came into force on 1 April 1920. This resulted in the merger of the existing state railways ( Länderbahnen ) of Prussia , Bavaria , Saxony , Württemberg , Baden , Mecklenburg and Oldenburg under
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#17330857941791562-631: The Red Army and Soviet railways managed to withdraw or destroy the majority of its rolling stock during its retreat . As a result, German standard gauge rolling stock had to be used for an additional logistic role within Russia; this required the laying of standard gauge track . The price was high: Reichsbahn railway staff and the railway troops of the Wehrmacht had to convert a total of 16,148 kilometres (10,034 mi) of Soviet trackage to German standard gauge track between 22 June and 8 October 1941. During
1633-663: The government – and not only those passed by the legislature (the Reichstag ) – were to be published in the Reichsgesetzblatt . The ordinances of the Reich ( Rechtsverordnungen des Reichs ) were at first still published in the three publications named in the 1923 law, but soon other government gazettes were formed and prescribed as suitable for publication of such ordinances. The publication requirement for laws was, however, no longer generally observed: The legal scholar Bernd Mertens [ de ] notes that not all binding law
1704-492: The 1871 volume of the Reichsgesetzblatt were still published under the title Bundesgesetzblatt für den Norddeutschen Bund (Federal Law Gazette for the North German Confederation), while the issues No. 4 to 18 (27 January 1871 – 2 May 1871) of said volume were titled Bundesgesetzblatt für den Deutschen Bund (Federal Law Gazette for the German Confederation ). The Reichsgesetzblatt
1775-427: The 1933 volume of the Reichsgesetzblatt . Government gazette A government gazette (also known as an official gazette , official journal , official newspaper , official monitor or official bulletin ) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually established by statute or official action, and publication of notices within it, whether by
1846-656: The DRG's company regulations. It was responsible for the electrification of many lines, following the commencement of electric power generation to the railways at the Walchensee Power Plant , and for the independent trialling and procurement of locomotives and passenger coaches. The Group Administration introduced, for example, the Class E ;32 locomotive and Class ET 85 railcar into service. Bavaria also continued to use its own signalling system for many years after
1917-700: The German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire . The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless, its importance "arises primarily from
1988-650: The Railways of the American and British Occupation Regions ( Hauptverwaltung der Eisenbahnen des amerikanischen und britischen Besatzungsgebiets ) was created. In 1947 it moved its headquarters to Offenbach am Main and called itself the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the United Economic Region ( Deutsche Reichsbahn im Vereinigten Wirtschaftsgebiet ). Following the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany , it
2059-618: The Soviet Zone retained the name Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR), despite the connotations of the word "Reich". This was due to the designation of the Reichsbahn in postwar treaties and military protocols as the railway operator in West Berlin , a role it retained until the creation of the unified DBAG at the beginning of 1994. To conform to the formation of the Bizone in 1946 the Head Office of
2130-735: The US Zone), Mainz and Saarbrücken. After the Saarland was transferred from the French Zone and was given its own state railway – the Railways of the Saarland ( Eisenbahnen des Saarlandes ) – the rest of the network of the Saarbrücken division went into the new Trier division. After the Deutsche Bundesbahn was formed this Operating Association was merged with it. The Soviet zone of occupation became
2201-852: The West German Deutsche Bundesbahn to form Germany's new national carrier, Deutsche Bahn AG ("German Rail", DBAG), technically no longer a government agency but still a 100% state-owned joint stock company . The first railways to be owned by the German Empire , which was founded in 1871, were the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine , whose Imperial General Division of Railways in Alsace-Lorraine ( Kaiserliche General-Direktion der Eisenbahnen in Elsass-Lothringen ) had its headquarters in Straßburg (now Strasbourg). It
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2272-534: The basic key – price controlled key – was that Jews were going to be shipped to Treblinka , were going to be shipped to Auschwitz , Sobibor ... so long as the railroads were paid by the track kilometer, so many pfennigs per mile. The rate was the same throughout the war, with children under ten going at half-fare and children under four going free. Payment had to be made for only one way. The guards of course had to have return fare paid for them because they were going back to their place of origin ... Conditions in
2343-702: The director general of the Reichsbahn by his office. Dorpmüller, who since 1937 was also in charge of the Reich Ministry of Transport , continued in office as the director general after 1939 under this new legal framework. With the Act for the New Regulation of the Conditions of the Reichsbank and the Deutsche Reichsbahn ( Gesetz zur Neuregelung der Verhältnisse der Reichsbank und der Deutschen Reichsbahn ) of 10 February 1937
2414-562: The end of the 1930s. They included, for example, the Prussian P ;8 (BR 38.10-40), Prussian P 10 (BR 39), Prussian G 12 (BR 58.10) and the Prussian T ;20 (BR 95). The Bavarian S 3/6 (BR 18.5) express locomotive even continued in production until 1930. Not until the procurement programme for the wartime Kriegslokomotiven were new goods locomotives built in large numbers, but of course now for
2485-611: The end of the war the Reichsbahn continued to move military formations. For example, in the last great offensive, the Battle of the Bulge (from 16 December 1944), tank formations were transported from Hungary to the Ardennes . The railways managed by the "Eastern Railway Division" ( Generaldirektion der Ostbahn ) were initially run from that part of the Polish State Railways within the so-called General Government -assigned part of
2556-565: The entire state railway ) in the countries annexed by the Deutsche Reich, as well as private railways in Germany and in other countries: The logistics of the Reichsbahn were also an important factor during the Holocaust . Jews were transported like cattle to the concentration and extermination camps by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in trains of covered goods wagons , now known as Holocaust trains . These movements using cattle wagons from
2627-492: The fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history". The company was founded on 1 April 1920 as the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen ("German Imperial Railways") when the Weimar Republic , which still used the nation-state term of the previous monarchy, Deutsches Reich (German Reich, hence the usage of the Reich in the name of
2698-465: The formation of the German Empire in 1871, the promulgation ( Verkündung ) of a law was the last step in the German legislative process. The legal existence of a law depended on its formal (and complete) promulgation – this promulgation had to happen in the Reichsgesetzblatt . The respective mechanism was laid down in the empire's constitution: Article 2 Sentence 2 of the 1871 Constitution prescribed that laws had to be promulgated in
2769-406: The future, starting in November 1933. In 1935 the railway network had a total of 68,728 kilometres (42,706 mi) of line, of which 30,330 km (18,850 mi) was main line railway , 27,209 km (16,907 mi) were branch lines and 10,496 km (6,522 mi) were light railways . In the latter part of the 1930s, the development of high-speed trains like the "Flying Hamburger"
2840-464: The gazette by a proclamation dated 30 August 1924 . In October 1923, a law was passed on the publication of ordinances of the empire ( Rechtsverordnungen des Reichs ). It was decided that such ordinances should generally be published in the Reichsgesetzblatt , but they could also be published in the Reichs-Ministerialblatt (Reich Ministerial Gazette) or the Deutscher Reichsanzeiger [ de ] (German Reich Gazette). In 1924,
2911-456: The goods station of the great Frankfurt Market Hall , for example, thus played a significant role in the genocide within the extermination machinery of the Holocaust . In 1997, the market erected a memorial plaque in recognition of this dark period of history. The following is an excerpt from the testimony of Holocaust scholar Raul Hilberg : The Reichsbahn was ready to ship in principle any cargo in return for payment. And therefore,
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2982-566: The government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice. Gazettes are published either in print, electronically or both. In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may also register with the public authorities in order to publish public and legal notices. Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices. These are referred to as "legally adjudicated newspapers". Deutsche Reichsbahn The Deutsche Reichsbahn , also known as
3053-466: The law of 13 October 1923, the RGBl. ceased to be 'the' collection of laws of the German Reich (in the full sense). A model achievement of constitutional law has been sacrificed. Today's state of affairs is a relapse into an era that the German Reich left behind when it came into being. The Reichsgesetzblatt continued to be used in Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The Enabling Act of 1933 , for example, provided in its Article 3 that all laws enacted by
3124-594: The legal scholar J. Jastrow considered this to be the most important change in the history of the Reichsgesetzblatt because since then it was no longer the only government gazette in which all laws (in a material sense) had to be published. He wrote: Mit dem Gesetz vom 13. Oktober 1923 hat das RGBl. aufgehört, 'die' Gesetzsammlung des Deutschen Reiches (in vollendetem Sinne) zu sein. Eine Musterleistung staatsrechtlicher Abrundung ist geopfert. Der heutige Zustand ist ein Rückfall in eine Zeit, die das Deutsche Reich bei seinem Entstehen hinter sich gewiesen hat. With
3195-438: The lines from Berlin to Hamburg , via Hanover to the Ruhrgebiet , via Frankfurt am Main to southwest Germany, on which the diesel express trains ran, and the Silesian Railway from Berlin to Breslau (now Wrocław). Within the state of Bavaria , the Bavarian Group Administration ( Gruppenverwaltung Bayern ) had its head office ( Zentrales Maschinen- und Bauamt ) and was largely independent by § III 14 of
3266-412: The merger. In 1933 the Group Administration was disbanded and administration of the railways in Bavaria was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. At the head of the Reichsbahn was a director general ( Generaldirektor ). The office holders were: From 1925, the director general had a permanent deputy. These were: As a result of the Reichsbahn Act of 11 July 1939, the Reich Transport Minister became
3337-456: The new German borders laid down in the Potsdam Agreement were transferred to the ownership and administration of the states in whose territory they were situated. For example, on 27 April 1945, the Austrian railways became independent again as the Austrian State Railway ( Österreichische Staatseisenbahn or ÖStB), later renamed as the Austrian Federal Railways ( Österreichische Bundesbahnen or ÖBB ) on 5 August 1947. Operational control of
3408-442: The newly formed German Reich . The state railways that merged were the: Initially called the Reichseisenbahnen or Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen , the company was formally given the name "Deutsche Reichsbahn" by decree of the Reich Minister of Transport, Wilhelm Groener , on 27 June 1921. In 1922 the old railway divisions ( Eisenbahndirektionen ) were renamed as Reich railway divisions ( Reichsbahndirektionen ). Among
3479-565: The permanent way or rail track. The Allied forces of Occupation were put in charge and instantly had myriad problems regarding food, lack of housing, fuel, displaced persons and people on the move. The Engineering Corps of British and American forces oversaw the partial rebuilding of the lines and cars with local labour from prisoners of war, rubble women , and de-mobilized soldiers. Temporary wooden bridges were put up over destroyed spans. Multiple tracks were disassembled into one smaller working line, equipment assessed and rebuilt. In three months,
3550-440: The provisions of the 1924 Dawes Plan was a plan to utilize the state railway completely for the payment of war reparations . Following the plan's publication, on 12 February 1924, the Reich government announced the creation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn as a state enterprise under the Reich Ministry of Transport ( German : Reichsverkehrsministerium ). As this was not enough to satisfy the reparations creditors, on 30 August 1924
3621-406: The railway was reorganised again as a state authority and given the name Deutsche Reichsbahn ("German Imperial Railway", DRB). After the Anschluss in 1938 the DR also took over the Bundesbahn Österreich ("Federal Railway of Austria", BBÖ). The East and West German states were founded in 1949. East Germany took over the control of the DR on its territory and continued to use
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#17330857941793692-424: The railway was working again in a rudimentary form. The Armies of Occupation needed the railways to move coal and the soon to be gathered agricultural harvest. Deutschebahn had a critical shortage of wagons, carriages and locomotives, so much so that the US gave war surplus engines to ensure the movement of freight. With the end of the Second World War in 1945 those parts of the Deutsche Reichsbahn that were outside
3763-400: The railway; the monarchical term was Deutsches Kaiserreich ), took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states ( Länderbahnen ). In 1924 it was reorganised under the aegis of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft ("German Imperial Railway Company", DRG), a nominally private railway company, which was 100% owned by the German state. In 1937
3834-410: The re-introduction of compulsory military service in 1935). He comments: Das Reichsgesetzblatt bot also nicht allein keine Gewähr mehr für Vollständigkeit, sondern verlor gleichzeitig auch seine exklusive Ausrichtung als Verkündungsorgan von Rechtsnormen. The Reichsgesetzblatt thus not only no longer offered a guarantee of completeness, but at the same time also lost its exclusive orientation as
3905-537: The rest of the DR was devolved to the respective zones of occupation so that the Reichsbahn legally existed in four parts until 1949. In the American Zone the Reichsbahn divisions of Augsburg, Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Munich, Regensburg and Stuttgart (for the railways in Württemberg-Baden ) were subordinated to the Senior Control Office US Zone ( Oberbetriebsleitung United States Zone ) in Frankfurt. The Reichsbahn divisions of Essen, Hamburg, Hanover, Cologne, Münster (Westfalen) and Wuppertal were grouped into
3976-419: The tour) and the stationing of the train, during its visit to Berlin , at the Ostbahnhof station instead of the more centrally located Hauptbahnhof main railway station. The tour was scheduled to end on 8 May 2008 (the 63rd anniversary of the end of the European portion of World War II) when the train arrived at Auschwitz. However, it continued to make appearances through 2009, and as of January 2010
4047-407: The traditional name Deutsche Reichsbahn , while the railway in West Germany became the Deutsche Bundesbahn ("German Federal Railway", DB). The Austrian Österreichische Bundesbahnen ("Austrian Federal Railways", ÖBB) was founded in 1945, and was given its present name in 1947. In January 1994, following German reunification , the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn merged with
4118-402: The various state railways and comprised a great number of designs, many of them quite old. In fact, the DRG was unable to procure new stock in the numbers it wanted to both for financial reasons and due to delays in upgrading the lines to carry higher axle loads . The locomotive classes taken over from the old state railways, especially those from the Prussia, continued to dominate the scene until
4189-448: The wagons were inhumane because no water or food was provided, and sanitary arrangements were minimal, usually a bucket in a corner of the wagon. Although each wagon was intended to hold about 50 people, they were frequently overcrowded and holding 100 to 150 people. No heating was provided, so people could freeze in winter and overheat in summer. Deaths in the wagons were frequent among the young, old, sick, and disabled, especially as travel
4260-412: The war, locomotives in the war zones were sometimes given camouflage livery. In addition, locomotives were painted with the Hoheitsadler symbol (the eagle, Germany's traditional symbol of national sovereignty ) holding a swastika . On goods wagons the name " Deutsche Reichsbahn " was replaced by the letters "DR". Postal coaches continued to bear the name " Deutsche Reichspost ". The logistics of
4331-611: The website requests visitors to look for further travel plans at the end of February. German railways were heavily bombed by Allied RAF and USAAF bombers. Marshalling yards, bridges, repair shops, and service facilities were all destroyed. Fighter-bombers targeted locomotives and bombed them. As a result, trains were at a standstill in the spring of 1945. The cities of Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Frankfurt, Dusseldorf, Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden and others were affected. Stations were completely destroyed and wagons and carriage set on fire and destroyed. Bomb craters and blast seriously damaged
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#17330857941794402-417: Was accelerated. Before that streamlined steam engines had been built, but they were not as economical as the high-speed diesel and electric railcars. Although the Borsig streamlined steam engine, the no. 05 002 reached a speed of 200.4 km/h (124.5 mph) during a demonstration run, the Reichsbahn preferred fast railcars on its high speed network. The potential of these express trains was demonstrated by
4473-532: Was carried out in the 1950s. Gradually, however, they were replaced by the more economical and easier-to-maintain diesel and electric classes. In general this happened rather later than in the West. In 1970, the DR renumbered its locomotives in order to conform to new computerised data standards. On 3 October 1990, the GDR states acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany. Initially the two railway administrations continued to operate separately, albeit with increasing cooperation, and in 1994 they were merged to form
4544-521: Was established that clarified which publications would be printed in part II. These were: I. International treaties and the like, as well as agreements between the Reich and the Länder, also insofar as they are promulgated as law. II. Publications concerning: In 1924, publications concerning the "Administration of the Reichsbahn Company" ( Verwaltung der Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft ) and "Matters of Industrial Burden" ( Angelegenheiten der Industriebelastung ) were added as topics for part II of
4615-425: Was formed after France had ceded the territory of Alsace-Lorraine in 1871 to the German Empire and the newly created Third French Republic had formally purchased the French Eastern Railway Company ( French : Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est or German : Französische Ostbahn-Gesellschaft ) and then sold it again to the German Empire. After the end of the First World War this national "imperial railway"
4686-433: Was originally published by the office of the German Reich Chancellor , while the Prussian Gesetzsammlungsamt (Law Collection Office) was in charge of the technical aspects of publishing the paper. Later the Reichsamt des Innern [ de ] (1880–1918) and afterwards the Reich Ministry of the Interior [ de ] (1918–1945) were responsible for its publication. The laws published in each volume of
4757-406: Was published by the Nazi authorities in their government gazettes. Furthermore, the Reichsgesetzblatt was no longer a government gazette for laws only, but also a paper for certain propaganda appeals by the Reich government without any legal value (see, for example, the Proklamation der Reichsregierung an das deutsche Volk [Proclamation of the Reich Government to the German People] concerning
4828-566: Was renamed Deutsche Bundesbahn . In the post-war years, the DR in East Germany continued to develop independently of the DB, but very much in parallel. The locomotive classification scheme , based on that of the DRG , was extended. The production, conversion and development of steam locomotives initially continued in earnest; older, especially ex- Länderbahn classes being rationalised and withdrawn from service. A major conversion ( Rekonstruktion ) programme to update steam locomotives and rectify flawed, mainly wartime austerity , classes
4899-421: Was slow and often lasted many days since the trains had low priority on the tracks. Their small amount of luggage was stored separately, sometimes at the station and never left with the train, but examined for valuables which were stolen or resold for profit. Beginning in November 2007, a museum train, the "Train of Commemoration" ( Zug der Erinnerung ), began a 3,000 km (1,900 mi) tour of Germany as
4970-416: Was taken back by France. In the remaining German states, by contrast, the existing state railways continued to be subject to their respective sovereigns, despite the fact that Otto von Bismarck had tried in vain to purchase the main railway lines for the Empire. A similar attempt failed in 1875 as a result of opposition from the middle powers when Albert von Maybach presented a draft Reich Railway Act to
5041-441: Was the Reichsbahn released from its financial obligations. In total, about 3.87 billion Goldmarks was paid in reparations to the Allied powers. During the DRG period the following milestones occurred: The beginning of the DRG was characterised by the acquisition of new rolling stock built to standard types, such as the standard steam locomotives ( Einheitsdampflokomotiven ). The stock already in use had been inherited from
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