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18-494: The severity of a burn, and therefore whether a referral will be made after the patient is treated and stabilized, differs depending upon many factors, among them: the age of the victim (burns to infants and toddlers or to those over age 65 are generally more serious, particularly if the face, head, respiratory system, chest, abdomen, groin, or extremities are burned; those who are not in these age groups can be more affected if they are or were already ill, injured, or immunocompromised),

36-636: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) database. During 2005 there was an average BSA of 1.79 m for 3,613 adult cancer patients in the UK. Among them the average BSA for men was 1.91 m and for women was 1.71 m . Hanan Costeff Hanan Costeff (1926–2005) was an Israeli pediatric neurologist, researcher, and teacher. Costeff was born in Sep. 14, 1926 to Dr. Harry and Stella Costeff in Peoria, Illinois. His father, Harry Gedalya came to

54-536: A pediatrician in clinics in Kiryat Shmona, and then Beer Sheva, where he traveled to Kibbutzim and Moshavim treating children in the Tipat Chalav (well baby clinics) outreach program. In one instance he was able to diagnose the earliest case till then of Phenylketonuria, and was noticed by the head of the clinic. In 1963 the family, that now included Judy and Gady who were born in 1958 and 1961 respectively, traveled for

72-453: A recognized medical expert for the courts, as well as working in the Macabbi HMO in his specialty. Costeff published approximately 40 original research papers over his career. He was as much a researcher as a medical practitioner. His interest ranged over a wide scope, and he was self trained in a variety of disciplines and techniques making him somewhat of a renaissance figure. These included

90-408: A team approach for the management of critically burnt patients. Usually, the burns management team consists of a plastic surgeon, intensivist, chest physician, general surgeon, Anesthesiologist , Respiratory Therapist, pediatrician, nurses and technicians, microbiologist , psychiatrist , nutritionist, physiotherapist , and social worker. Early burn wound excision and immediate wound cover can improve

108-804: A two-year post-doctorate at the Child Study Center at Yale University, where Hanan trained as a pediatric neurologist. The family returned to Israel, with Hanan chosen to head up the Child Development Unit at the Tel Hashomer hospital, where he worked until 1973. He was then asked to set up the Child Development Center at the Leowienstein Rehabilitation Medical center, where he worked till his retirement in 1998. Following his retirement he re-invented himself and became

126-629: A working knowledge of statistics, genetics, neurology to name a few. His first paper was authored during his post-doctorate, and was an algebraic formula to find a practical method of calculating the surface area of a body, useful for calculating some dosages. He taught at the Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, as well as throughout his career, and he established a generation of pediatric neurologists in Israel who looked up to him as their mentor. A syndrome first described by him carries his name:

144-588: Is also thought to be a distorting factor in Phase I and II trials that may result in potentially helpful medications being prematurely rejected. The trend to personalized medicine is one approach to counter this weakness. Examples of uses of the BSA: There is some evidence that BSA values are less accurate at extremes of height and weight, where Body Mass Index may be a better estimate (for hemodynamic parameters). Various calculations have been published to arrive at

162-447: Is dimensionally correct for the case of constant density. It equals ( 2 3 / 3 2 ) × ( W 2 / 3 H ) 2 / 3 / 100 {\displaystyle (2^{3}/3^{2})\times (W^{2/3}H)^{2/3}/100} . A weight-based formula that does not include a square root (making it easier to use) was proposed by Costeff and recently validated for

180-567: Is mathematically simpler: Other formulas for BSA in m include: For any formula, the units should match. Mosteller pointed out that his formula holds only if the density is treated as a constant for all humans. Lipscombe, following Mosteller's reasoning, observed that the formulas obtained by Fujimoto, Shuter and Aslani, Takahira, and Lipscombe are suggestive of 8 / 900 × W 4 / 9 × H 2 / 3 {\displaystyle {8/900}\times W^{4/9}\times H^{2/3}} , which

198-538: The Costeff Syndrome . His papers pioneered new ways of looking at diagnosis and treatment of mental retardation, with an emphasis on challenging entrenched theories. He was essentially a man of truth and he often found himself in the minority. He gave testimony about medical neglect in the Beit Tina trial, leading to a judgement against a decorated Army doctor, something that at the time was unheard of. He worked with

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216-662: The University of Illinois College of Medicine , graduating in 1951. He met and married Ramona Doctor in Chicago in 1951. In 1950, while still a student he visited the newly founded State of Israel, traveled, met some family and managed a children's ward at the then new immigrant camp of Rosh Ha'Ayin. Upon completion of his residency, and the birth of his first son, Philip Avner, the young family immigrated to Israel and joined his parents who had preceded them and were living in Haifa. Costeff acted as

234-546: The BSA without direct measurement. In the following formulae, BSA is expressed in m , weight (or, more properly, mass) W in kg , and height H in cm . The most widely used is the Du Bois formula, which has been shown to be equally as effective in estimating body fat in obese and non-obese patients, something the Body mass index fails to do. The Mosteller formula is also commonly used, and

252-611: The USA from a Jewish village named Kabaschei in the Russian Empire , served in World War I and later studied to be a pharmacist, and then a medical doctor. He pioneered the use of insulin shock therapy for Schizophrenia, and founded a private hospital in Peoria. Hanan grew up in Peoria, served in the navy during the latter part of World War II , and trained as a radio technician. Upon being released, he used GI bill funds to study medicine at

270-501: The chances of survival in major burn cases. This hospital-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Body surface area In physiology and medicine , the body surface area ( BSA ) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body . For many clinical purposes, BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass. Nevertheless, there have been several important critiques of

288-438: The pediatric age group. It is [4W (kg) + 7]/[90 + W (kg)]. Average BSA for children of various ages, for men, and for women, can be estimated using statistical survey data and a BSA formula: The estimations in the above tables are based weight and height data from the U.S. NCHS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). There was an average BSA of 1.73 m for 3,000 cancer patients from 1990 to 1998 in

306-471: The total body surface area that is burned (the rule of nines ), if proper treatment and referrals are delayed or the wrong treatments are given, if the burns are of the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th degree (the bigger and deeper, the worse it is), the source (if it was due to a chemical, or from a scald, or fire, or radiation, the treatment regimen has to be modified appropriately), or if skin grafting is not feasible and/or important organs are harmed. A burn center needs

324-408: The use of BSA in determining the dosage of medications with a narrow therapeutic index , such as chemotherapy . Typically there is a 4–10 fold variation in drug clearance between individuals due to differing the activity of drug elimination processes related to genetic and environmental factors. This can lead to significant overdosing and underdosing (and increased risk of disease recurrence). It

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