Oklahoma National Guard
42-556: Texas Military Forces The Red River Bridge War was a boundary conflict between the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Texas over an existing toll bridge and a new free bridge crossing the Red River . The Red River Bridge Company, a private firm owned by Benjamin Colbert, had been operating a toll bridge that carried U.S. Route 69 and U.S. Route 75 between Colbert, Oklahoma , and Denison, Texas . In 1931, Texas and Oklahoma jointly built
84-407: A Muskogee, Oklahoma , court issued an injunction prohibiting him from blocking the northern toll bridge approach. Murray directed the guardsmen to allow anyone to cross either bridge. Murray discovered on July 27 that the free bridge was in danger of being closed permanently. He expanded the martial-law zone across the river, stationing guardsmen on both free bridge approaches. The injunction against
126-646: A budget of $ 1.851 billion as of 2023. Current forces include the Texas Army National Guard , Texas Air National Guard , and Texas State Guard of the Texas Militia . Former forces include the Texian Militia , Texian Army , Texian Navy , Texas Army , Texas Navy , and Texas Marines . It also included the Texas Rangers from their inception until 1935. The Texas Military Forces are administered by
168-504: A fleet of manned and unmanned aircraft with strike , reconnaissance , and transport capabilities, a fleet of rotorcraft , and a fleet of riverine watercraft . It maintains a statewide network of garrison , training, and monitoring installations. It maintains command and control through shelter and mobile tactical operations centers . Texas Military Forces have undergone many re-designations, reorganizations, and reformations since 1823. Since 1846, Texas Militia units constitute
210-854: A militia to defend themselves" . Benjamin Edwards Martin Parmer Juan Antonio Saucedo Stephen Austin Francisco Medina James W. Bullock 3 WIA Since 1823, the Texian Militia has undergone many re-designations and reorganizations in the Texas Military Forces : Following the Militia Act of 1903 , the Texas Militia was divided into separate forces: Since 1903, the Texas National Guard designation has remained
252-586: A new, free span northwest of the existing toll bridge. On July 10, 1931, the Red River Bridge Company obtained an injunction against the Texas Highway Commission (now Texas Department of Transportation ), keeping it from opening the new bridge. The company said that the highway commission had promised in July 1930 to buy the old toll bridge for $ 60,000 (equal to $ 1,094,343 today). In reaction to
294-651: A portion of the bridge was saved as a historical attraction and relocated to the Colbert City park in Colbert, Oklahoma . Texas Military Forces The Texas Military Forces ( TXMF ) are the principal instrument through which the Texas Military Department (TMD) executes security policy for Texas , which has the second-largest population and border in the United States. The Texas Military Forces have
336-451: A special session on July 23 to pass a bill allowing the Red River Bridge Company to sue the state over the issue, partially in response to meetings in Sherman and Denison, Texas, demanding the free bridge be opened. The next day, Governor Murray declared martial law at the site, enforced by Oklahoma National Guardsmen , and personally appeared at the site, armed with a revolver , hours before
378-700: A unit of the Texian Militia in the Texian Colony . During the Texas Revolution , it served as a unit of the Texian Army providing cavalry and conducting special operations such as demolition of Vince's Bridge and Immortal 32 relief force. During the Republic of Texas , it continued to serve as a special forces unit employing guerrilla warfare in the Texas-Indian Wars . The Texian Army, also known as
420-800: The Battle of San Jacinto , helping the Texian Government win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836 at the Treaties of Velasco . The Texian Militia was first authorized on February 18, 1823 by Agustín de Iturbide of the First Mexican Empire who ordered the Empresario Stephen F. Austin to "organize the colonists into a body of militia to preserve tranquility." On August 5, 1823 Austin officially established
462-718: The Centralist Republic of Mexico and establishing the Republic of Texas, one of three colonies to win independence without foreign aid in world history and the only American state (the Thirteen Colonies were aided by France, and the California Republic and Republic of Hawaii were aided by the United States). The artillery used during the battle, the Twin Sisters , are considered the " Holy Grail of Texas". During
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#1733085067978504-716: The Constitution of the Republic of Texas . The Texas Army and Texas Navy were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846, after the Republic of Texas became the 28th state of America . The Texas Navy, officially the Navy of the Republic of Texas, also known as the Second Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas . It descended from
546-738: The Mexican Drug War , Texas City Disaster , Hurricane Harvey , Hurricane Katrina , Hurricane Rita , Bastrop County Complex Fire , Operation Jump Start , Operation Phalanx , Operation Faithful Patriot , COVID-19 Pandemic , George Floyd protests , and Operation Lone Star . Under command of the United States Department of Defense , Texas Military Forces have served in the Mexican War , Spanish War , Philippine War , Mexican Expedition , World War I , World War II , Cold War ( Korea and Vietnam campaigns), and War on Terror . Since
588-780: The September 11 attacks , Texas Military units have been deployed for the war on terror more than any other state. Texas Military Forces are administered by the Texas Military Department under command of the Adjutant General of Texas , who is appointed by and subordinate to the Governor of Texas , the Commander in Chief . Texas Military Forces exist under civilian control . Since 1903, Texas Military Forces are authorized by Title 32 of
630-669: The Texas Army was officially established by the Consultation of the Republic of Texas on November 13, 1835, it did not replace the Texian Army until after the Battle of San Jacinto . The Texian Navy, also known as the Revolutionary Navy and First Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texian armed forces during the Texas Revolution . It was established by the Consultation of
672-632: The Texas Revolution at the Battle of Velasco and became legendary at the Battle of Gonzales (the " Lexington of Texas") which marked its transition to the Texian Army and Texian Navy . Their legend continued at the Battle of the Alamo as the only relief force to answer the To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World letter. The Texian Militia comprised 22% of the Texian Army service members who fought until
714-581: The Texian Army , which was established in October 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution . The Texas Army was provisionally formed by the Consultation in November 1835, however it did not replace the Texian Army until after the Battle of San Jacinto . The Texas Army, Texas Navy , and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836, in Article II of
756-596: The Texian Militia in 1823 (thirteen years before the Republic of Texas and twenty-two years before the State of Texas ) by Stephen Austin to defend the Old Three Hundred in the Colony of Texas . Texas Military Forces sparked the Texas Revolution at the Battle of Velasco and became legendary at the Battle of Gonzales (the " Lexington of Texas"). Their legend continued at their defeat by Mexican forces at Siege of
798-470: The Texian Navy , which was established in November 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution . The Texas Navy, Texas Army , and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836, in Article II of the Constitution of the Republic of Texas . The Texas Navy and Texas Army were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846, after
840-523: The United States Department of Defense by the Secretary of Defense . Awards and decorations of the Texas Military are the medals, ribbons, badges, tabs, trophies, plaques, certificates, memorials, monuments, holidays, and general honors that recognize service and achievement in the Texas Military Forces. The history of conflicts involving the Texas Military Forces spans over two centuries, from 1823 to
882-489: The 176th Engineer Brigade, the 136th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, the 136th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, and the 136th Regiment (CA) (RTI). The Texas Air National Guard is the current air warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. It is composed of the 149th Fighter Wing, the 136th Airlift Wing, the 147th Attack Wing, the 254th Combat Communications Group, the 272nd Engineering Installation Squadron, and
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#1733085067978924-564: The 19th century, the Texas Rangers' service in the Texas-Indians Wars and fighting outlaws significantly contributed to the folklore of the " Wild West ". During the American Civil War , Texas Military Forces served under the command of Union and Confederate militaries. When the first units reached Virginia, Jefferson Davis greeted them by declaring: "Texans! The troops of other states have their reputations to gain, but
966-550: The 204th Security Forces Squadron. The 149th Fighter Wing prepares pilots for combat, the 136th Airlift Wing flies C-130s in-and out of theater and the 147th Reconnaissance Wing has recently acquired reapers to be the eyes in the hostile sky. The Texas State Guard is the current state defense force branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. It assists and augments Texas military and civil authorities in times of state emergencies, and in on-going support of National Guard units and local communities. The Texian Militia
1008-643: The Alamo , with events such as the Immortal 32 and To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World , which resulted in one of the most notable last stands in history. As of 2018, the Alamo Mission is the most visited tourist attraction in Texas and one of ten manmade UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United States . The Texas Military's legend was sealed at the Battle of San Jacinto , when they defeated Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes, achieving independence from
1050-540: The Republic of Texas on November 25, 1835. Along with the Texian Army , it helped the Republic of Texas win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836, at the Treaties of Velasco . It was replaced by the Texas Navy on March 23, 1839. The Texas Army, officially the Army of the Republic of Texas, was the land warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas . It descended from
1092-585: The Republic of Texas became the 28th state of America . The Texas Marines, officially the Marine Corps of the Republic of Texas, were the naval infantry of the Texas Navy tasked with enforcing discipline aboard ships, providing security at shore stations , sharpshooting , and naval boarding . It was officially established on January 14, 1836, and modeled after the United States Marines Corps . Since 1846, Texas Militia units have constituted
1134-477: The Revolutionary Army and Army of the People, was the land warfare branch of the Texian armed forces during the Texas Revolution . It spontaneously formed from the Texian Militia in October 1835 following the Battle of Gonzales . Along with the Texian Navy , it helped the Republic of Texas win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836, at the Treaties of Velasco . Although
1176-508: The Texas Military Department under command of the adjutant general of Texas , who is appointed by and subordinate to the governor of Texas , the commander-in-chief -in-Texas, and is also subordinate to the President of the United States, the commander-in-chief. Texas Military Forces are inextricably linked and have served an integral role in the development, history , culture , and international reputation of Texas. They were established with
1218-473: The Texian Militia: "Since the commencement of this Colony no labor or expense has been spared on my part towards its organization, benefit and security—And I shall always be ready and willing to risk my health, my property or my life for the common advantage of those who have embarked with me in this enterprise. As proof of the reality of this declaration I have determined to augment at my own private expense
1260-657: The United States Code and Article 4 of the Texas Constitution to "execute the laws of the State, to suppress insurrections, and to repel invasions." Texas Army National Guard and Texas Air National Guard units are also subject to Title 10 of the United States Code, which legally empowers the United States government to mobilize them when more resources are needed than available in the United States Armed Forces for war, national emergency, or national security. Under Title 10, operations are conducted under command of
1302-453: The bridge opening was dissolved and the martial law order rescinded on August 6. News of the dispute made national and international headlines. Adolf Hitler may have believed that the events were evidence of in-fighting between the American states, weakening the union. The free bridge that was the cause of the dispute was opened on Labor Day, September 7, 1931. It was replaced in 1995, though
Red River Bridge War - Misplaced Pages Continue
1344-549: The company of men which was raised by order of the late Governor José Félix Trespalacios for the defense of the Colony against hostile Indians. I therefore by these presents give public notice that I will employ ten men in addition to those employed by the Government to act as rangers for the common defense. The said ten men will form a part of Lieut. Moses Morrison’s Company and the whole will be subject to my orders. The wages I will give
1386-403: The entirety of the Texas Military Forces. The Texas Army National Guard is the current land warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. Its major units include the 36th Infantry Division, the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the 36th Combat Aviation Brigade , the 71st Battlefield Surveillance Brigade, the 36th Sustainment Brigade,
1428-585: The entirety of the Texas Military Forces. Current units are the Texas Army National Guard , Texas Air National Guard , and Texas State Guard . Former units include the Texas Home Guard/State Troops (1861–65), Texas Volunteer Guard (1871-1904), Texas Reserve Militia (1905-1913), Texas Home Guard (1914-1918), Texas Reserve Militia (1919-1940), Texas Defense/State Guard (1941–45), and Texas State Guard Reserve Corps (1945-1965). Texian Militia Insurrection Texas Revolution The Texian Militia
1470-464: The injunction, the Governor of Texas , Ross S. Sterling , ordered that the new free bridge be barricaded at the Texas end. On July 17, Oklahoma Governor "Alfalfa Bill" Murray ordered the new bridge open, by executive order. Murray issued this order on the grounds that the land on both sides of the river belonged to Oklahoma, per the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819. Murray sent highway crews across
1512-496: The new bridge to destroy the barricades. Governor Sterling sent Adjutant General William Warren Sterling and three Texas Rangers to the new bridge to defend the Texas Highway Commission workers enforcing the injunction, and rebuilt the barricade that night. The next day, Oklahoma crews under Governor Murray's order demolished the Oklahoma approach to the toll bridge, rendering that bridge impassable. The Texas State Legislature called
1554-822: The present, under the command authority (the ultimate source of lawful military orders) of four governments including the Texan government (in 3 incarnations), the U.S. government, the Mexican government, and the Confederate government. After the United States Armed Forces , Texas Military Forces are the most capable, mission-ready forces in the United States. They include infantry , paratroopers , special forces , armored cavalry , field artillery , communication , cyber , intelligence , support , medical , engineering , civil affairs , and weapon of mass destruction response units totaling over 23,000 service members. It also maintains
1596-617: The said ten men is fifteen Dollars a month payable in property, they finding [it] themselves. Those who wish to be employed will apply without delay. Stephen F. Austin 5 August 1823." Stephen F. Austin 5 August 1823 In 1823, the First Mexican Empire transitioned to the Provisional Government of Mexico which established the First Mexican Republic in 1824. In 1828, the Coahuila y Tejas Legislature order colonists to "form
1638-575: The sons of the defenders of the Alamo have theirs to maintain." The Texas Brigade achieved distinction as Confederate shock troops , while the Davis Guards maintained Texas as the only Confederate State , along with Florida, unconquered by the Union with their victory at Second Battle of Sabine Pass . It is referred to as the " Thermopylae of the Confederacy" and the most one-sided Confederate victory of
1680-448: The war. Texas Military Forces also fought at the Battle of Palemito Ranch . Texas Military Forces have not waged a domestic combat operation since the 19th century. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, they have been primarily engaged in military operations other than war , including manmade and natural disaster operations, search and rescue operations , counterdrug operations , and border security operations . Most notably,
1722-642: Was the militia forces of Texian colonists in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas from 1823 to 1835 and the inaugurate force of the Texas Military . It was established by Stephen F. Austin on August 5, 1823 for defense of the Old Three Hundred colonists against the Karankawa , Comanche , and Cherokee tribes; among others. Its most notable unit, the Texas Rangers , remained in continuous service of Texas Military Forces until 1935. The Texian Militia sparked
Red River Bridge War - Misplaced Pages Continue
1764-451: Was the militia forces of the Texian Colony from 1823 to 1835 and the inaugurate force of the Texas Military. It was established by Stephen F. Austin on August 5, 1823, for defense of the Old Three Hundred colonists against the Karankawa , Comanche , and Cherokee tribes; among others. Its most notable unit, the Texas Rangers , remained in continuous service of Texas Military Forces until 1935. The Texas Rangers were established as
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