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32-584: The system originally operated in areas around the so-called Gaza envelope, including in Sderot . When the signature of a rocket launch is detected, the system automatically activates the public broadcast warning system in nearby Israeli communities and military bases. A recorded female voice, intoning the Hebrew words for Red Color ("Tzeva Adom"), is broadcast 4 times. The entire program is repeated until all rockets have impacted and no further launches are detected. The system

64-507: A city until 2002 due to its residents wanting to preserve its image as a small town), or becoming part of a regional council . The Union of Local Authorities in Israel (ULAI) is the umbrella organization of local councils which represents their collective interests vis-à-vis the national government. It traces its roots to the League of National Councils, which had been established under 1938 under

96-409: A city. In general this applies to all settlements of over 2,000 people. The Israeli Interior Minister has the authority of to decide if a locality meets the requirements of a municipal council (a city ). The minister then reviews the residents request, which may include the locality remaining a local council despite meeting the city status requirements (e.g., Ramat HaSharon , which did not become

128-524: A poem to the city in his 1997 book Icarus' Monologue . In 2007, Jewish-American documentary filmmaker Laura Bialis immigrated to Israel, and decided to settle in Sderot "to find out what it means to live in a never-ending war, and to document the lives and music of musicians under fire". Her film Sderot: Rock in the Red Zone focuses on young musicians living under the daily threat of Qassams. Politically,

160-664: A salaried worker in Sderot was ₪ 5,261. Hollandia International, founded in 1981, a company that manufactures and exports high-end mattresses, moved its sole manufacturing center to Sderot in the 1990s. After 11 years there, it decided in 2008 to relocate due to rocket attacks that hit the city and the factory. The Osem plant in Sderot, opened in 1981, is the region's major employer, with 480 workers. 170 products are manufactured there, including Bamba , Bisli , Mana Hama instant noodle and rice dishes, instant soup powders, shkedei marak , ketchup and sauces. The Menorah Candle factory located in Sderot exports Hanukkah candles all over

192-514: A series of relief programs for residents unable to leave. On December 12, 2007, after more than 20 rockets landed in the Sderot area in a single day, including a direct hit to one of the main avenues, Sderot mayor Eli Moyal announced his resignation, citing the government's failure to halt the rocket attacks. Moyal was persuaded to retract his resignation. In a gesture of solidarity, El Al (Israel's national airline) named one of its Boeing 777 passenger planes Sderot (4X-ECE). In January 2008,

224-434: A significant increase in shelling from Gaza prompted the temporary evacuation of thousands of residents. By November 23, 2007, 6,311 rockets had fallen on the city. Yediot Ahronoth reported that during the summer of 2007, 3,000 of the city's 22,000 residents (consisting mostly of the city's key upper and middle class residents) left for other areas, out of Qassam rocket range. Russian billionaire Arcadi Gaydamak organised

256-455: Is twinned with: Local council (Israel) Local councils ( Hebrew plural: מוֹעָצוֹת מְקוֹמִיּוֹת , romanized :  Mo'atzot Mekomiot ; singular: מוֹעָצָה מְקוֹמִית Mo'atza Mekomit ; Arabic plural: مجالس محليّة , romanized :  Majalis Mahaliyya ; singular: مجلس محلّي Majlis Mahallī ) are one of the three types of local government found in Israel ,

288-643: Is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel . In 2022, it had a population of 33,002. Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m (2,760 ft)), and is notable for having been a major target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip . Between 2001 and 2008, rocket attacks on the city killed 13 people, wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life. Although rocket fire subsided after

320-642: Is to aid and abet the terrorist organization that rules Gaza." The suit alleges that these actions violate Canadian laws that prohibit aid to terror groups. "Sderot cinema" is a name given to gatherings at a hill in Sderot, where over 50 locals would come to watch the bombing of the Gaza strip during the last four wars. The name was coined by a Danish journalist who snapped a photo of it and posted it on Twitter . Similar events happened in Operation Cast Lead in 2009, after which some critics decided to refer to

352-789: The App Store . It was the most downloaded app in Israel in July 2014 during Operation Protective Edge . Users can select to receive alerts for rocket attacks nationwide, or only in their districts. In October 2023 it was reported that a version of the system modified for suit Ukraine "would start working in Kyiv soon" to warn against the Russian missile strikes of the Russian invasion of Ukraine . Sderot Sderot ( Hebrew : שְׂדֵרוֹת , pronounced [sdeˈʁot] , lit.   ' boulevards ' ; Arabic : سديروت , sometimes Romanized as "Sederot" )

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384-486: The Gaza War (2008–09) , the city has come under rocket attack on occasion since that time. Sderot lies 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) from the Gaza Strip and the town of Beit Hanoun . The Israeli Negev Brigade had depopulated the area on which Sderot would be built on between the 2nd and 13th of May 1948, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , expelling the 422 Muslim farmers there who cultivated citrus, bananas and cereals from

416-548: The Jewish Community Relations Council of New York organized a display of 4,200 red balloons outside the headquarters of the United Nations . Each balloon represented a Qassam rocket that had been fired into Sderot, where for years the town and its surrounding area have been under near-constant bombardment by thousands of rockets and mortar shells fired from Gaza. Consul David Saranga , who conceptualized

448-477: The 1960s. Among the notable bands are Teapacks Knesiyat Hasekhel and Sfatayim . Well-known musicians from Sderot include Shlomo Bar , Kobi Oz , Haïm Ulliel and Smadar Levi . The winner of the Israeli version of " American Idol " 2011 was Hagit Yaso , a local Sderot singer of Ethiopian origin. Israeli poet Shimon Adaf was born in Sderot, as well as the actor and entertainer Maor Cohen . Adaf dedicated

480-465: The 36,000 residents of the city, 90% were evacuated during the days after the massacre. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2010 the city had a population of 21,900. The national makeup of the city was 94% Jewish , 5.5% other non-Arabs, and Arabs less than 1%. There were 10,600 males and 10,500 females. The population growth rate in 2010 was 0.5%. In 2008, the average wage for

512-627: The Gaza Strip were resettled in Sderot beginning in 1997 after cooperating with the Shin Bet . From 2001, in the beginning stage of the Second Intifada , the city was a target for rockets from the Gaza Strip. Rocket fire intensified after the Israeli disengagement from Gaza in 2005, with the city sustaining constant rocket fire from Qassam rockets launched by Hamas and Islamic Jihad . In May 2007,

544-550: The Palestinian village of Najd . The latter were relocated in Gaza as refugees. Sderot was founded in 1951 as a transit camp for Israeli immigrants, primarily from Kurdistan and Iran . It was originally called Gabim Dorot and housed 80 families. It was later renamed Sderot, a symbolic nod to the numerous avenues of trees planted in the Negev to combat desertification and beautify

576-548: The arid landscape. Like many localities in the Negev , a green motif was chosen in keeping with the Zionist vision of "making the desert bloom." The development served as part of a chain of settlements designed to block infiltration from Gaza. Permanent housing was completed three years later, in 1954. From the mid-1950s, the town attracted many Moroccan Jews. Romanian Jewish immigrants also began settling in Sderot. In 1956, Sderot

608-551: The city's residents to temporarily evacuate. The war ended regular rocket fire from Gaza and the city experienced a revitalization. By 2009, demand for apartments was outweighing supply, a new sports complex largely funded by donor aid had opened, a new shopping mall was being built, and the assistance that the city had received due to concern over the years of rocket fire meant that Sderot now had better community, educational, and recreational services than many other Negev development towns . The city sustained rocket fire on occasion over

640-447: The city's residents. An unusually high ratio of singers, instrumentalists, composers and poets have come from Sderot. Several popular bands have been formed by musicians who practiced in Sderot's bomb shelters as teenagers. As an immigrant town with high unemployment experiencing a dramatic musical success, as bands blend international sounds with the music of their Moroccan immigrant parents , it has been compared to Liverpool in

672-470: The city. They are spread out as eleven elementary schools and 2,099 elementary school students, and six high schools and 1,479 high school students. 56.5% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. Sapir Academic College and the Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot are located in Sderot. All schools in the city and 120 bus stops have been fortified against missile attacks. Sderot

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704-465: The display, said he used the balloons as an opportunity to call upon the international community to stop ignoring what's happening in Israel. The balloon display made headlines in New York City papers as well as international publications. In January 2008, British journalist Seth Freedman of The Guardian described Sderot as a city of near-deserted streets and empty malls and cafes. In March 2008,

736-405: The following years, including during Operation Protective Edge . In 2010, after a decline in charitable donations, the municipality revealed that it was on the verge of bankruptcy. In 2011, a Sderot resident filed a million dollar lawsuit against two Canadian organizations raising funds for a Canadian ship to join the Gaza flotilla . According to the lawyers, "The Canadian Boat's raison d'être

768-515: The hill as "Hill of Shame". Sderot residents have complained about the media portrayal. In May 2019, the Israeli Air Force held a special flypast (aerial display) over Sderot (in addition to Yom Ha'atzmaut flypast), in order to salute the residents of Sderot who suffer continuously from Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel . On October 7, 2023, Hamas gunmen attacked Sderot , engaging in firefights with Israeli police and civilians in

800-524: The mayor said that the population had dropped by 10–15%, while aid organizations said the figure was closer to 25%. Many of the families that remained were those who could not afford to move out or were unable to sell their homes. Studies found that air raid sirens and explosions have caused severe psychological trauma in some residents. According to a study carried out at Sapir Academic College in 2007, some 75% of residents aged 4–18 were suffering from PTSD , including sleeping disorders and severe anxiety, in

832-425: The other two being cities and regional councils . There are 124 local councils in Israel, including 69 Arab local councils. Local councils should not be confused with local committees , which are lower-level administrative entities. Local council status is determined by passing a minimum threshold: enough to justify operations as independent municipal units, although not of a scale large enough to be declared

864-434: The streets and occupying the town's police station. About eighteen members of the Israeli police were killed during the fighting. Fighting continued through the night until security forces retook the police station, which was demolished in case more terrorists remained inside. Early estimates stated that at least 20 civilians were killed as they were waiting at bus stops, walking down the street, and driving in their cars. Of

896-537: The town leans heavily to the right. Sderot is accessible by Highway 34 and Route 232. The Ashkelon–Beersheba railway , a new railway line which connected Sderot with Tel Aviv and Beersheba , was inaugurated in December 2013. The Sderot railway station located on the outskirts of the city at the southern entrance, was opened on December 24, 2013. It is the first in Israel to be armored against rocket fire. According to CBS, there are 14 schools and 3,578 students in

928-431: The wake of rocket attacks on the city, and 1,000 residents were receiving psychiatric treatment at the community mental health center. From mid-June 2007 to mid-February 2008, 771 rockets and 857 mortar bombs were fired at Sderot and the western Negev, an average of three or four each a day. During the Gaza War in December 2008 and January 2009, between 50 and 60 rockets were fired at Sderot per week, causing about half

960-438: The world. Nestlé maintains a research and development facility in Sderot, established in 2002. Its production facilities for breakfast cereals are also located in Sderot. Amdocs has a plant in the Sderot and an industrial zone is under development. In 2012, the government approved nearly $ 59 million worth of economic benefits for Sderot to strengthen the economy, boost employment and subsidize psycho-social programs for

992-635: Was installed in Ashkelon between July 2005 and April 2006. Up to June 2006, the announcement was called Red Dawn ( Hebrew : שחר אדום , transl. : Shakhar Adom) but it was changed to the Hebrew words for Red Color ( Hebrew : צבע אדום , transl.: Tzeva Adom) due to a complaint made by a 7-year-old girl named Shakhar (Hebrew for dawn). It was the subject of a documentary , which focused on how children are to cope with an alert, directed by Yoav Shoam. Since 2014, alerts have been available on an iPhone application from

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1024-434: Was recognized as a local council . In the 1961 census, North African immigrants, mostly from Morocco , made up 87% of the population, with 11% from Kurdistan. Sderot absorbed another large wave of immigrants, from the former Soviet Union , during the 1990s post-Soviet aliyah . Immigrants from Ethiopia also arrived during this time, doubling its population. In 1996, it was declared a city . A number of Palestinians from

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