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17-458: Reboly was first mentioned in 1555; by 1679 it was the center of a district with 23 villages and 220 households. Its location on the Russo-Swedish border led to several cases in which the village was destroyed by Swedish detachments. In the nineteenth century it became an often-visited site by Finnish nationalist scholars, such as Elias Lönnrot , Matthias Castrén and D. E. D. Europaeus . After

34-596: A mythology for Finland; Kanteletar , 1840; Sananlaskuja , 1842 ( Proverbs ); an expanded second edition of Kalevala , 1849 (the "new" Kalevala). Lönnrot was recognised for his part in preserving Finland's oral traditions by appointment to the Chair of Finnish Literature at the University of Helsinki in 1853. Lönnrot undertook the task of compiling the first Finnish-Swedish dictionary ( Finsk-Svenskt lexikon , 1866–1880). The result comprised over 200,000 entries, and many of

51-594: A motif for the 500 markka banknote in his banknote series. The Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges used the name Lönnrot, possibly alluding to the Finnish author, for the diligent detective in his story Death and the Compass ( La muerte y la brújula ). The main belt asteroid 2243 Lönnrot was named after Lönnrot. Russian Karelia East Karelia ( Finnish : Itä-Karjala , Karelian : Idä-Karjala ), also rendered as Eastern Karelia or Russian Karelia ,

68-666: A smaller area on the Karelian Isthmus . The offer was rejected. Reboly was occupied (1941–1944) by the Finnish 14th Division during the Continuation War , until it was recaptured by Soviet forces. Elias L%C3%B6nnrot Elias Lönnrot ( Finnish: [ˈeliɑs ˈlønruːt] ; 9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a Finnish polymath, physician, philosopher, poet, musician, linguist, journalist, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry . He

85-731: Is a name for the part of Karelia that since the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617 has remained Eastern Orthodox and a part of Russia . It is separate from the western part of Karelia, called Finnish Karelia or historically Swedish Karelia (before 1808). Most of East Karelia has become part of the Republic of Karelia within the Russian Federation . It consists mainly of the old historical regions of Viena Karjala ( English : White Karelia) and Aunus Karjala ( English : Olonets Karelia). 19th-century ethnic-nationalist Fennomans saw East Karelia as

102-585: Is best known for synthesizing the Finnish national epic, Kalevala (1835, enlarged 1849) from short ballads and lyric poems he gathered from Finnish oral tradition during several field expeditions in Finland, Russian Karelia , the Kola Peninsula and Baltic countries. In botany, he is remembered as the author of the 1860 Flora Fennica , the first scientific text written in Finnish rather than in Latin. Lönnrot

119-759: The Finland's declaration of independence the settlement and its district became an issue in Finnish-Russian relations when its predominantly Karelian population held a vote in August 1918 to join Finland. The Finnish Army moved to occupy Reboly in October. In the Treaty of Tartu , 1920, Finland gave up its claims on Reboly and the neighbouring Porosozero , and instead received Petsamo in the far north, which had been annexed by Finnish trooрs in 1918. The anti-Soviet sentiment in Reboly

136-581: The Finnish national epic that Lönnrot compiled, was among the inspirations for J. R. R. Tolkien 's the Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . Lönnrot was the main motif for the Finnish Elias Lönnrot and folklore commemorative coin , minted in 2002. On the reverse, a feather (as a symbol of an author) and Elias Lönnrot's signature can be seen. The Finnish graphic artist Erik Bruun used Lönnrot as

153-597: The Finnish translations were coined by Lönnrot himself. His vast knowledge of traditional Finnish poetry made him a definite authority in Finland and many of his inventions have stuck. Finnish scientific terminology was in particular influenced by Lönnrot's work and therefore many abstract terms that have a Latin or Greek etymology in most other European languages appear as native neologisms in Finnish. Examples from linguistics and medicine include kielioppi (grammar), kirjallisuus (literature), laskimo (vein) and valtimo (artery). Botanists remember Lönnrot for writing

170-579: The ancient home of Finnic culture, "un-contaminated" by either Scandinavians or Slavs . In the sparsely-populated East Karelian backwoods, mainly in White Karelia , Elias Lönnrot (1802–1884) collected the folk tales that ultimately would become Finland 's national epic , the Kalevala (published from 1835 to 1849). The idea of annexing East Karelia to Finland as part of a " Greater Finland " had wide support in newly-independent Finland after 1917. It

187-706: The annexation of East Karelia to Finland virtually disappeared. After Finland and Soviet Russia divided Karelia between themselves in 1920, the Soviet authorities promised far-reaching cultural rights to the Finnic peoples that made up most of the population of East Karelia. However, within the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic these rights were never realised, and under Stalin (in power c. 1928 to 1953) ethnic Finns were persecuted and an intensive Russification programme began. Since

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204-491: The first Finnish-language Flora Fennica – Suomen Kasvisto ("Flora of Finland") in 1860; in its day it was famed throughout Scandinavia , as it was among the first common-language scientific texts. The second, expanded version was co-authored by Thomas Saelan and published in 1866. The Flora Fennica was the first scientific work published in Finnish (instead of Latin). In addition, it includes many notes on plant uses in between descriptions of flowers and leaves. The Kalevala,

221-443: The society for his efforts to collect folk tales. Lönnrot went on extended leaves of absence from his doctor's office; he toured the countryside of Finland, Sapmi (Lapland), and nearby portions of Russian Karelia . This led to a series of books: Kantele , 1829–1831 (the kantele is a Finnish traditional instrument); Kalevala , 1835–1836 (the "old" Kalevala), an edited collection of epic poems collected orally and representing

238-547: The village of Paltaniemi , when he got a job as district doctor of Kajaani in Eastern Finland during a time of famine and pestilence in the district. He began writing about the early Finnish language in 1827 and began collecting folk tales from rural people around the same time. In 1831, the Finnish Literature Society was founded, and Lönnrot, being one of the founders, received financial support from

255-572: Was born in Sammatti , in the province of Uusimaa , Finland, which was then part of Sweden . He studied medicine at the Academy of Turku . The Great Fire of Turku coincided with his first academic year. As the university was destroyed in the fire, it was moved to Helsinki , the newly established administrative center of the Grand Duchy of Finland . Lönnrot followed and graduated in 1832. Lönnrot lived in

272-633: Was especially popular during the Russo-Finnish Continuation War of 1941–1944, when such annexation seemed feasible in the wake of an expected German conquest of the Soviet Union . Finnish forces occupied most of East Karelia from 1941 to 1944. The war meant hardship for the local ethnic-Russian civilians, including forced labour and internment in prison camps as enemy aliens . After the Moscow Armistice of September 1944, calls for

289-643: Was still strong, and in 1921, after the Red Army re-took Reboly and Porosozero, local pro-Finnish activists formed a short-lived resistance movement known as the Metsäsissit (literally Forest Guerillas ). Together with Finnish volunteers, they were instrumental in the East Karelian uprising of 1921-1922 . During the negotiations prior to the Winter War , the Soviet government offered Reboly and Porosozero in exchange for

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