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57-596: In 1969 José Montoya moved to Sacramento to pursue a master's degree at CSU Sacramento . He and newly hired art professor Esteban Villa , who had founded the Mexican American Liberation Art Front, a Chicano movement group founded in Oakland with Montoya's brother Malaquias, Manuel Hernandez and Rene Yañez, became active and soon created a circle of artists and activists interested in political and cultural work. The Rebel Chicano Arts Front , or RCAF ,

114-548: A Catholic mass , because there were a lot of older, traditional people there, and it's a holy day of obligation for Catholics ." They soon established the Centro de Artistas Chicanos, a workshop for the production of posters for community events. There, thousands of posters were created over the years. Out of all this activity came the music of the Royal Chicano Air Force Band established by Freddie Rodriguez and featured

171-651: A Chicano rock opera "Xicindio" in 1980 at the Sacramento Community Theatre for a national conference of bilingual educators that was later aired on PBS. The band eventually broke up with Freddie Rodriguez remaining in Sacramento where illness took his life. Gloria Rangel also died shortly after the band broke up but had returned to Los Angeles. Irma Rangel continues to perform and record under her name. Others, most notably Jose Montoya and Esteban Villa continued to play corridos and ballads playing their guitars. With

228-511: A Mexican printer of the late 1800s and early 1900s, inspired the artists for this work. At the same time, with the example of the great Mexican muralists, the artists undertook mural painting to bring cultural images and history to a larger audience. The organization grew to the point where a need for a space for artists was planned. The RCAF established the Centro de Artistas Chicanos moving from temporary quarters in homes, garages and La Raza Bookstore to Holy Angels School at 7th and T Streets. Later,

285-541: A degree in Communication Studies. He was an electrician and owned his own business. His contribution to the arts was through his decades of photographing and video taping arts and culture activities of the RCAF and other artists. He leaves his partner, Lucy Rhodes Montoya and a daughter from a previous marriage. Four days after Sam Quiñones died, on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2014, Juan Cervantes died from complications arising from

342-675: A history of bringing the arts to youth offenders within the California Youth Authority, specifically at the reform school known as the Preston School of Industry in Ione, CA. Through the efforts of RCAF members and Sacramento State students, Phillip "Pike" Santos and Louie "the Foot" Gonzalez, La Raza Bookstore was established in 1972. The inaccessibility of published works about or by Chicanos and Native Americans led to this effort. The Bookstore

399-433: A member of the performance troupe Culture Clash .    Hoy enterraron al Louie.    And San Pedro o san pinche    Are in for it. And those    Times of the forties    And the early fifties    Lost un vato de atolle. "El Louie" is probably Montoya's most famous and most often anthologized poem. With compassion and anger, it tells

456-600: A quadruple bypass. He fought for over two weeks after his surgery, but his body ran out of the energy to survive. His life was about making art and teaching. He was a printmaker, a painter and a muralist. Raised in Roseville, CA, he went on to study artmaking at Sierra College and CSU Sacramento. He worked in the CA prison system for many years (as had many RCAF artists) before his work with high school and middle school students in Elk Grove. He

513-675: A space was established on Folsom Blvd. and finally a center on Franklin Blvd. These spaces allowed for continual meetings, planning of events, workshops, studio activity and freedom to work around the clock. First, Max Garcia took on the directorship, followed by Gina Montoya and Ricardo Favela. Thousands of posters were created over the years with designs from multiple artists. Murals were painted throughout Sacramento (many now painted over) as well as Chicano Park in San Diego and in Washington and Oregon. Through

570-577: Is "recognized as a normative model" rather than portrayed as deviant, dangerous or insignificant. California Arts Council The California Arts Council functions as a state agency headquartered in Sacramento, California . Its board comprises eight council members who receive appointments from both the Governor and the California State Legislature . The agency's objective is to promote

627-482: Is accessible to California car owners and contributes to funding arts education and local arts initiatives. In 2010, Senator Curren Price introduced SB 1076, which was subsequently signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger . This legislation included the California Arts Council in the "Voluntary Contribution" section of the state tax form for both 2010 and 2011. Taxpayers could opt to contribute to

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684-1677: Is survived by three adult children. His early silkscreen posters are part of the Favela Collection at CSU Sacramento and CSU San Jose archives. His contribution to the RCAF mural in Southside Park, Sacramento, remains for all to enjoy. Other members include: Sam Rios, Hector Gonzalez, Josie Talamantez, Tere Romo, Katy Romo, Luzma Espinosa, Elvia Nava, Susie Miranda, Frank Godina, Eli Nuñez, Mary Garza Gee, Isabel Hernandez (deceased), Gina Montoya, Danny and Irene Frias, Rudy Morones, Arturo “Turtle” Rodriguez, Ged Martin, Oralia Polendo, Gloria Torres, Manuel Diaz, Raulie Suarez, Rosa Hernandez, Lorraine Garcia-Nakata, Tim Quintero, Bennie Trujillo (deceased), Miguel Escobedo, Freddie Gonzalez, Clara Cid, Rudy Carrillo, (deceased), Angelo Alvarez (deceased), Xavier Tafoya, Bill Gee, Kenneth Segura Knoll, David Rasul, Melinda Santana, Rosemary Rasul, Sharon Loris, Richard Montoya, Pedro Hernandez, Freddie Rodriguez (deceased), Jennie Baca (deceased), Gloria Rangel (deceased), Irma Rangel, Rico Hernandez, Carlos “Stubbo” Portillo (deceased), Lupe Portillo Carrillo, Richard Rodriguez, Gloria and Gilbert Gamino, Albert Mestas (deceased), Jesse Ortiz-Ocelotl (deceased), Juanita Polendo, Ramon Ontiveros, Daniel de Los Reyes, Fast Eddie Salas, Sam Quiñones (deceased), Arturo Ruano Singh (deceased), Jose Rivera (Joey de D.Q.U.), Lucy Montoya, Gloria M. Galvin, Phillip "Pike" Santos, Juan Gonzalez, Joe Camacho (deceased), Junior Baca, "Mexico" Cid, Manuela Serna, Eva Serna, Eva C. García (deceased), Richard Rodriguez, and Manuel Caro. On

741-974: The California Arts Council . They have served as board members and trustees of many arts organizations including La Raza Galeria Posada, the SMAC, the San Francisco Arts Commission , the Western States Arts Federation , the Concilio de Arte Popular and the Commission to Study the Potential Creation of the National Museum of the American Latino . Two special major collections of RCAF posters have been donated by Ricardo Favela to

798-694: The United States Navy . After the Korean War, he used his G.I. Bill to go to college. He entered San Diego City College as an art student, Montoya later transferred to the California College of Arts & Crafts in Oakland, California . He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1962. He began his career by teaching at Wheatland Union High School. Later, he earned his MA in 1971 from California State University, Sacramento . He taught Chicana/o studies in

855-579: The "Arts Council Fund" by specifying the desired amount, with contributions being tax-deductible starting from $ 1. However, this option was eliminated for 2012 due to the Arts Council Fund falling short of the $ 250,000 goal outlined in the enabling legislation. In 2013, Price, who was then serving as Chair of the Joint Committee on the Arts, authored SB 571, which was passed by the legislature. After Price

912-451: The "Breakfast for Niños" program that served food to children in poor neighborhoods. His poetic career was said to have begun with the publication of his poem, "La Jefita" (1969) in El Grito: A Journal of Contemporary Mexican-American Thought . His poetry was noted for using code switching , barrio slang and for its themes about struggling against injustice. His son Richard Montoya is

969-515: The Arts in Corrections Program teaching art and bringing guest artists to adult inmates. Lorraine García-Nakata also became Lead Artist at San Quentin Prison teaching visual art to (maximum security, condemned row, and lower security) inmates and she also directed twelve other cross-disciplinary artists who taught additional workshops in literature, music, visual arts, and theatre. The RCAF had also

1026-563: The Brickhouse Gallery, La Raza Galeria Posada, Luna's Cafe and the Washington Neighborhood Center, all in Sacramento. Following his 2007 "heartaches & Jalapenos" CD release of original songs, Esteban Villa released his second CD of original music in 2010 entitled Habanero Honey . In June 2013 Villa's third CD, "Holy Mole!" was released. Prior to his death in 2009, Armando Cid was commissioned to restore his murals at

1083-549: The CSU Sacramento Archives and Special Collections Department and to CSU San Jose. These Favela collections will provide academics, researchers and community members a valuable visual art resource for the future. The majority of their other posters, photographs, personal papers and organizational materials have been donated by Favela and various members of the RCAF to the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives at

1140-651: The CSU campus and the Alkalai Flats community. The Barrio Art Program brought young people and senior citizens together with aspiring teachers in the university's teacher training courses to learn to integrate the arts with education. The program continues to this day at the Washington Neighborhood Center located in downtown Sacramento at 16th and D Streets. Other RCAF artists, like Juanishi Orosco , Armando Cid and Rudy Cuellar taught there as well as in other community settings. Armando Cid and Juan Cervantez became artist facilitators in

1197-604: The California Arts Council and the California Department of Motor Vehicles launched the first license plate in the United States dedicated to supporting the arts. The plate features the artwork "Coastline," created by California artist Wayne Thiebaud . While Thiebaud retains copyright to the image, he authorized its use by the California Arts Council for the production of the Arts License Plate. This specialty plate

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1254-563: The California Arts Council. In the fiscal year 2017-18, the Arts Council received a permanent budget augmentation of $ 6.8 million. Additionally, there was a $ 750,000 ongoing allocation to directly enhance arts programming in California's juvenile justice system and a supplementary $ 2 million increased allocation for California's Arts in Corrections program. In 1994, under special legislation,

1311-699: The Chicano community to found the Rebel Chicano Art Front, later renamed the Royal Chicano Air Force , which supported the activities of Cesar Chavez and helped to advance the cause of the United Farm Worker's movement. The RCAF under Montoya and his artist comrades produced countless silk screen posters and organized numerous cultural, educational, and political activities in the Sacramento area and well beyond. They also did community work, such as

1368-468: The Department of Art at California State University, Sacramento. Here, he worked for over twenty five years and started a unique program called the "Barrio Art Program." This program worked with student teachers who went into neighborhoods that were traditionally "under-served" in order to teach art to young people. he died of lymphoma in 2013. In the early 1970s, Montoya joined his students and members of

1425-534: The Donald Davidson Library at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Colección Tloque Nahuaque. The RCAF began operating out of the Washington Neighborhood Center and frequently held events at Sacramento's Southside Park. To fund their activities and to support the farmworkers, they held dances, performances, and other fundraisers, for which they created promotional posters that visually incorporated

1482-506: The Keep Arts in Schools Fund generated $ 250,000 in revenue. The California Arts Council comprises members and staff with diverse backgrounds, including the arts, creative industries, arts education, community development, state and local government, as well as the nonprofit and for-profit sectors of California's economy. As a state agency, its mandate involves fostering public engagement with

1539-531: The Peace Corps in the mountains of Guatemala. His interest in political change was in his core. He had been a child in a farmworker family and his commitment to work with Cesar Chavez and the United Farmworkers came early. He joined with the RCAF to further that work. The RCAF embraced Joe and soon thereafter worked with him to carry out the work of organizing and engaging in local political campaigns leading to

1596-506: The RCAF circle since the 1970s died a year after Joe from cancer as well. Members of the RCAF have worked as educators in all levels of education: elementary, high school, community college and university; they have taught in prisons, youth correctional facilities, neighborhood community centers and cultural facilities. They have served as artists in residence for the Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission (SMAC) and

1653-594: The RCAF did not restrict their activities to the arts. Inspired by the free breakfast programs of the Black Panther Party , they and other activists such as Jennie Baca and Rosemary Rasul implemented the Breakfast for Niños program for impoverished schoolchildren in the Sacramento area. Members of the RCAF also established a book store that would become La Raza Bookstore that would eventually be known as La Raza Galeria Posada still operating in Sacramento. The RCAF, under

1710-519: The RCAF, was also present. The names of Emidio Lopez, Benjamín Bocanegra, Ingrid Fuentes, Erubiel Valladares Carranza II and Vicky Falcón Vázquez were added later to this list per Juanishi Orosco. Jos%C3%A9 Montoya José Montoya (May 28, 1932 – September 25, 2013) was a poet and an artist from Sacramento , California . He was one of the most influential Chicano bilingual poets. He has published many well-known poems in anthologies and magazines, and served as Sacramento's poet laureate . He

1767-439: The Royal Chicano Air Force Band, an ensemble performing a variety of genres from cumbias to blues. The RCAF Band featured lead singer Gloria Rangel who was later joined by her sister Irma "Cui Cui" Rangel. The band performed throughout Northern and Central California. The effort was successful in crystallizing the sounds of the barrio and taking the message of the RCAF to the people. Freddie's RCAF Band created, wrote, and performed

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1824-718: The Sacramento County Supervisors Chambers beginning Jan 25, 2015 and running for six months. Juanishi Orosco received a commission to paint "Capaces", a mural completely covering the four exterior walls at a Chicano service center in Woodburn, Oregon in the summer of 2013. The membership of the Royal Chicano Air Force additionally organize a scholarship fund, called the RCAF Memorial Scholarship, which awards 10 Sacramento Area students (as of

1881-753: The Washington Square Apartments. His family saw to it that the project was completed and installed. The unveiling took place in August, 2010. In the late summer, 2011, the RCAF members began to restore their murals located in Chicano Park, Barrio Logan, San Diego . Jose Montoya, Esteban Villa, Juanishi Orosco and Celia Hernandez were contracted as lead artists and were responsible for the work. Teams of artists including Sam Quinones, Danny Orosco, Domingo Orosco, Juan Manuel Carrillo, Carlos Lopez, Tomas Montoya, Maceo Montoya and Irma Lerma-Barbosa participated in

1938-406: The advancement of California's cultural landscape through arts, culture, and creativity. The California Arts Council was founded in 1976 under the administration of Governor Jerry Brown . Its establishment led to the dissolution of the previous 15-member California Arts Commission, which had been operational since 1963. Under Governor Brown's administration, Eloise Pickard Smith was appointed as

1995-399: The arrival of maestro Rudy Carrillo, the quality of performance grew and original music was composed leading to the establishment of El Trio Casindio—a four or more sized ensemble. An album was recorded and released entitled "All Day Music". More on this below. Another important alliance came with the work of Joe Serna, Jr. Joe and his family had returned to Sacramento in 1968 from service in

2052-504: The artists jokingly responded, "No, it means the Royal Chicano Air Force!" From then on, the artists used the "Air Force" motif in their artworks, programs, and activities. Through the organizational framework of a collective, artists and community members established a silk screen operation to create multiples of images promoting art, cultural activities, community events, and political action. The work of Jose Guadalupe Posada,

2109-520: The arts council had to implement substantial cuts to its programs and staff. Presently, California ranks 37th in state arts funding per capita, allocating 46 cents for every resident towards supporting the arts. The California Arts Council benefits from two revenue streams that are independent of tax allocations: the Arts License Plate and voluntary contributions. Both are recognized by the Franchise Tax Board as tax-deductible charitable donations to

2166-445: The arts in the state, cultivating arts organizations locally, supporting the professional growth of arts leaders, advocating for the significance of the arts, and providing direct funding for arts programs benefiting California residents. Additionally, the California Arts Council aids in identifying artists and artists' estates entitled to royalties under California's Resale Royalty Act ( California Civil Code Section 986), and administers

2223-542: The co-founder of the RCAF, died of a lymphoma on his aorta. He was 81. Read the article from the Sacramento Bee for a greater scope of his life and contributions. Jose was a "Respected Elder" of D.Q.U., and proud of his Indigenous blood. Sam Quiñones died of a heart attack early Friday morning, October 3, 2014, in Sacramento, CA. He was born in San Andreas, Calaveras County, CA. He attended CSU Sacramento and graduated with

2280-575: The directorship of Gilbert Gamino, ran an automotive repair cooperative called Aeronaves de Aztlán . The RCAF organized cultural activities such as a yearly poetry readings called "Flor y Canto", and revived indigenous Mexican practices such as celebrations of harvest ("Fiesta de Maíz") and the rainy season ("Fiesta de Tlaloc "). Tere Romo, who worked with the RCAF to re-establish the Día de los Muertos celebration in Sacramento in 1975, said that they had "an Indigenous ceremony with dance offerings, along with

2337-591: The election of the first Mexican American to the City Council in a century. Joe Serna taught political courses at CSUS and eventually worked for the Lieutenant Governor, Mervyn Dymally before he embarked on his own political career. He ran for and became a Sacramento city councilman. Later he became the mayor of Sacramento until his death by cancer in November, 1999. His wife, Isabel Hernandez, also an ardent member of

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2394-439: The fundraising drive for the 2015 scholarship) each a $ 500.00 boost towards their continued educational goals. The scholarship is funded by donations from the current RCAF membership and the surrounding community, art shows, fundraisers, raffles and the like. The group is currently contemplating an online fundraising platform to allow the scholarship to be more accessible to qualified students. On September 25, 2013, Jose Montoya,

2451-467: The inaugural director of the Council. During her tenure, Smith initiated the establishment of Arts in Corrections, a program that remains operational within the Council as of 2022. The financial framework of state arts agencies was designed with the expectation that the majority of their funding would stem from regular appropriations by state legislatures. However, in California, this hasn't consistently been

2508-591: The night of November 14, 2013, at the basement of Venti's bar (Salem Oregon), a meeting took place where Juanishi V. Orosco, using his power as general and founding member of the RCAF, recruited a number of people to form the North Division of the Royal Chicano Air Force. The new members of the Northern Division of the RCAF were: Dalila Ortiz, Lázaro Ybarra, San Juana Acosta- González, Roberto Orán, Zoé Gibert, and Matías Trejo De Dios. Frederick A. Romero, member of

2565-435: The norm. The funding for the California Arts Council has often mirrored the broader fiscal patterns within the state. The California Arts Council reached its highest budget allocation of $ 32 million during the fiscal year 2000-2001. Amid the budget crisis of 2003-2004, the California Arts Council experienced a significant reduction in its funding, losing 94% of its financial support from the state legislature . Consequently,

2622-400: The organization was administered by Tere Romo, Josie S. Talamantez, Armando Cid, Victoria Plata, Luis Chabolla, Marisa Gutierrez, Francisca Godinez, and Marie Acosta. In 2014, La Raza/Galeria Posada ceased to exist. Through its work in organizing exhibitions, mercados , dances, and cultural celebrations, the role of music became an important component of the RCAF. Freddie Rodriguez established

2679-641: The region. In 2008, KVIE produced a follow-up DVD entitled, "The RCAF Flies Again". In 2007, La Galeria de La Raza, San Francisco honored Juan Carrillo with the Premio Galeria for his contributions to the Latino arts community. In 2010, the RCAF was honored by the National Association of Latino Arts and Culture (NALAC) for Lifetime Achievements at its national conference in San Jose, Ca. In May, 2011, José Montoya

2736-470: The story of Louie, a pachuco from San José and California's Central Valley who is a popular local figure. After he comes back from the war in Korea his life disintegrates as he continues coming into conflict with the white-dominated world of California; he is a hero and a loser, hocking his combat medals for booze and drugs; he dies alone in squalid conditions. Louie is not elevated to gangster sainthood, but he

2793-805: The themes of the Chicano Movement . They also received funding support from the Washington Neighborhood Center and California State University, Sacramento . The RCAF painted murals throughout Sacramento, as well as several in San Diego's Chicano Park and one in Burley, Idaho . Community art workshops included the Barrio Art Program and the Anciano Art Project, for children and the elderly, respectively. For high school and college students, there were workshops in silkscreening and muralism. The members of

2850-445: The university, Jose Montoya, Esteban Villa and, later, Ricardo Favela, taught a generation of young artists the techniques of silk screen, muralism, drawing, and painting. At Moses Lake, Washington Community College, Lorraine García-Nakata taught ceramics, painting and drawing to young students of color (Black, Brown, Persian, other). Jose Montoya went on to establish the Barrio Art Program, representing an effort to reduce barriers between

2907-474: The vocals of Gloria Rangel and Irma Rangel. Eventually, Esteban and Jose established the Trio Casindio under the strong mentorship of Rudy Carrillo. Their first recording, All Day Music, was released in 1985. In 1995, Steve LaRosa and KVIE-TV , a public television station in Sacramento produced a film on the RCAF. Entitled, "Pilots of Aztlán: The Flights of the RCAF", the film has been shown annually throughout

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2964-619: The work. The City of Sacramento has begun negotiations with RCAF members to restore the ?Metamorphosis" mural on the city parking lot at 4th and L Streets. Stan Padilla , Esteban Villa and Juanishi Orosco will lead these efforts. To promote the forthcoming restoration, the City of Sacramento invited the three artists to exhibit their work in the Robert T. Matsui Gallery in City Hall beginning Dec 3 2014 running through Mar 3 2015. Another RCAF exhibit will occur in

3021-534: Was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico and raised, along with his brother, Malaquias Montoya , in the San Joaquin Valley in California. He and his family were migrant farm workers and Montoya started helping in the fields at age nine. The experience made Montoya decide that "farm work would not be his destiny." His mother was an artist herself, stenciling images for churches and homes and creating her own pigments and his experiences assisting her helped him think about becoming an artist. From 1951 to 1955, he served in

3078-449: Was elected to the Los Angeles City Council in early 2013, Senator Carol Liu took over authorship of the bill. Governor Jerry Brown signed it into law in September 2013. The bill reinstated the California Arts Council to the voluntary contribution portion of California tax return forms, now designated as the "Keep Arts in Schools Fund," which debuted on California tax returns in 2014. During the California Arts Council's 2016-2017 fiscal year,

3135-415: Was founded by Montoya, Villa, and their students to foster the arts in the Chicano /Latino community, to educate young people in arts, history and culture, promote political awareness, and to promote support for César Chávez and the United Farm Workers in the heavily agricultural Sacramento- Davis area. Regarding its name, one day when someone asked if "RCAF" meant the " Royal Canadian Air Force ", one of

3192-418: Was honored at a Sacramento concert at César Chávez Plaza as one of the "Fathers" of the Chicano Art Movement. The collective continues to operate presenting group and individual art exhibits while Villa and Montoya have added recordings to their repertoire. Recent exhibits of the RCAF members occurred at CSU Sacramento Library Gallery, 2007, Arte Americas in Fresno, 2008 and The Sacramento Central Library, 2009,

3249-523: Was located at 1228 F Street, Sacramento. In 1980, a gallery was added and the name was changed to La Raza / Galeria Posada (in honor of the Mexican printer, José Guadalupe Posada). The RCAF artists were featured in exhibitions, but perhaps more importantly it became the exhibition space for countless numbers of Chicana/o and Native American visual artists. As a community bookstore and gallery, it became an active center for Chicana/o, Latina/o, and Native American art, poetry and music. Beginning with Phillip Santos,

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