Reading Recovery is a short-term intervention approach designed for English-speaking children aged five or six, who are the lowest achieving in literacy after their first year of school. For instance, a child who is unable to read the simplest of books or write their own name, after a year in school, would be appropriate for a referral to a Reading Recovery program. The intervention involves intensive one-to-one lessons for 30 minutes a day with a teacher trained in the Reading Recovery method, for between 12 and 20 weeks.
58-419: Reading Recovery was developed in the 1970s by New Zealand educator Marie Clay . After lengthy observations of early readers, Clay defined reading as a message-getting, problem-solving activity, and writing as a message-sending, problem-solving activity. Clay suggested that both activities involved linking invisible patterns of oral language with visible symbols. The approach has come under increasing scrutiny in
116-619: A federal system of four university colleges, established in Auckland and Wellington , in addition to the integration of the University of Otago and Canterbury College . The colonial government moved to provide sites, statutory grants and land endowments. This was somewhat delayed after the state of recession caused by the collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank in the same year, leading to a contraction in credit from Great Britain , and specifically London ,
174-465: A greater emphasis on phonics -based instruction. Parent activism has also contributed to a rise in phonics based instruction and a concomitant decrease in three cueing system (meaning, structural, and visual cueing) based instruction in New Zealand schools. The Reading Recovery Council of North America, Inc. is a not-for-profit association of Reading Recovery professionals, advocates, and partners. It
232-462: A member of the university senate. In June 1886, as Minister of Education, Stout signalled the governments intent of introducing a bill to establish a centre for higher learning in Wellington. Being the centre of the colonial government, Stout cited the opportunity for the college to be able to particularly specialize in law , political science , and history . Stout further suggested that the staff of
290-516: A new campus in Auckland to service the growing demand for its courses and expertise. In May 2018 it was reported that Victoria was exploring options to simplify its name to the University of Wellington. Vice-chancellor Grant Guillford said that the university was pursuing a name change in order to reduce confusion overseas, as several other universities also carried the "Victoria" name. On 27 July 2018,
348-458: A new sign highlighting the word 'Wellington', which drew criticism from students and staff who said the funds could have been better spent elsewhere. In May 2023, Vice-chancellor Nic Smith confirmed that Victoria University was facing a NZ$ 33 million deficit due to declining student enrolments and a shortfall in government funding. The number of enrolments in 2023 dropped by 12.1% compared in 2022, accounting for 2,600 fewer students. In addition,
406-698: A pedestrian and elevator link up to the Kelburn campus. In 2019, Victoria University, on behalf of the New Zealand School of Music , signed an agreement with Wellington City Council and the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra to establish a new National Music Centre based in Wellington Town Hall . This would be established once refurbishment work on the town hall had been completed. Victoria University vice-chancellor Grant Guilford believed
464-471: A podcast called Sold a Story , discussing the perceived negative impacts of Clay's theory on the teaching of reading in American public schools, as well as numerous studies that contradicted Clay's theory. In response, several international Reading Recovery affiliated institutions released a statement listing Clay's various awards as proof of the efficacy of her theory. Faculty at Ohio State worked with Clay in
522-476: A son, Alan, and a daughter, Jenny. They were divorced in 1976. Victoria University of Wellington Victoria University of Wellington ( Māori : Te Herenga Waka ) is a public research university in Wellington , New Zealand . It was established in 1897 by Act of Parliament , and was a constituent college of the University of New Zealand . The university is well known for its programmes in law,
580-483: A strong foundation of the Scottish Enlightenment , the provincial government of Otago proceeded to lay the groundwork to establish the University of Otago . This was followed by the creation of Canterbury College , associated with the newly formed University of New Zealand . In 1878, a royal commission was appointed to review the state of higher education in the country. It recommended the establishment of
638-469: A supervised research service for Rare Books, for fine or fragile print items, and for 'last resort' copies of university publications. The New Zealand Electronic Text Centre (NZETC) is a digital library of significant New Zealand and Pacific Island texts and materials, and is arranged according to the library of Congress classification system. The library has two online repositories: the ResearchArchive
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#1733084660012696-461: Is an advocate for Reading Recovery throughout North America (United States and Canada). It publishes two journals for this purpose: The Journal of Reading Recovery and Literacy Teaching and Learning . Reading Recovery and philosophically similar programs are still used in the United States, but there has been significant push back against the approach. Several large school districts have rejected
754-474: Is its open research repository, which makes the university's research freely available online and the RestrictedArchive, which is the university's private research repository and is accessible only to Victoria University staff and students. Between April 2003 and February 2010 the library was home to two locally famous residents, Tessa Brown and Sandy Rankine, a pair of library cats. In September 2014,
812-586: Is that, in 2017, the NSW Department of Education initiated a hiring program to recruit dozens of new literacy and numeracy experts to support teachers in "evidence-based professional learning", according to NSW Minister for Education, Rob Stokes . After Reading Recovery was removed from the curriculum in many Australian schools, its utility has been questioned by researchers and policy makers in New Zealand as well. By 2019, this had led to reduction in use of Reading Recovery in New Zealand's public schools, and toward
870-625: The Reading Recovery intervention, a whole language programme in New Zealand, and expanded it worldwide. Marie Mildred Irwin was born in Wellington , New Zealand, the daughter of accountant Donald Leolin Irwin and music teacher Mildred Blanche Godlier. Her parents separated when she was five. She attended four primary schools, then Wellington East Girls' College . She studied education at Victoria University College , graduating BA in 1947 and MA with second-class honours in 1949. Her masters thesis
928-469: The Wellington City Council . The university has, in recent years, distanced itself from the word 'Victoria', with many promotional materials referring solely to 'Wellington's University'. Many departments and initiatives have also been rebranded, for example Victoria Professional and Executive Development becoming Wellington Uni-Professional . In January 2021, the university spent $ 69,000 on
986-748: The 21st century. "Reading Recovery" is in use in a number of English-speaking countries. The phrase "Reading Recovery" is a proprietary registered trademark held by the Marie Clay Trust in New Zealand, with Ohio State University in the US and the Institute of Education in the UK. The Marie Clay Trust and the International Reading Recovery Trainers Organization (IRRTO) licenses use of the title Reading Recovery to affiliated entities around
1044-561: The Auckland premises, which is located in the Auckland CBD . The Victoria University Coastal Ecology Laboratory supports research programs in marine biology and coastal ecology on Wellington's rugged south coast. The Miramar Creative Centre is located by the Wētā Workshop buildings on Park Road, Miramar. The centre offers access to work experience and connections with New Zealand's film, animation and game design industries. The library
1102-1055: The Hunter Building. Victoria has expanded beyond its original campus in Kelburn, with campuses in Te Aro (Faculty of Architecture and Design), and Pipitea (opposite Parliament , housing the Faculty of Law and Victoria Business School). Victoria also hosts the Ferrier Research Institute and the Robinson Research Institute in Lower Hutt, the Coastal Ecology Laboratory in Island Bay and the Miramar Creative Centre, in Park Rd, Miramar. In 2015, Victoria opened
1160-621: The New Zealand Colonial Museum could provide services in the fields of geology and natural history. This was indicated in the Wellington University College Bill of 1887, which meant the effective annexation of the museum. Colonial Museum director James Hector voiced considerable opposition to this bill. After a lengthy debate in parliament, this bill was promptly defeated. In 1897, the current premier, Richard Seddon, who had until this point been unsupportive of
1218-460: The Technical School building on Victoria Street. The professors set about creating a unique identity for the college. The somewhat fitting motto "Sapientia magis auro desideranda" was adopted in 1902. In 1903, the college adopted a badge and coat of arms featuring three crowns, the stars of the southern cross and the crest of the namesake of Wellington . It was at this time that the colours of
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#17330846600121276-630: The University Council's recommendation, stating that the proposed change did not have sufficient support from Victoria's staff, students or alumni, and that such a change would not be in keeping with institution accountability or be in the national interest. On 6 May 2019 Victoria University's Council announced that it would not contest the Education Minister's decision to reject its name-change proposal. The name change had received exceptionally strong opposition from faculty, alumni, students, and
1334-516: The Victoria University of Wellington Council agreed in principle to the name change, as well as replacing the former Māori name Te Whare Wānanga o Te Upoko o Te Ika a Maui with Te Herenga Waka, the name of the university's marae . Of the 2,000 public submissions on the name-change proposal, 75% strongly opposed it. Alumni and students strongly opposed the name change, staff gave mixed feedback, while Wellington's regional mayors and members of
1392-525: The Victoria University of Wellington, conferring its own degrees. In 1868, the colonial government of New Zealand passed the University Endowment Act of 1868, which established scholarship programs for study in the home islands of Great Britain, in addition to setting aside a land endowment in the burgeoning colony itself. The following year, with wealth generated from the Otago gold rush in addition to
1450-527: The World's Top 500 universities by the QS World University Rankings (2020). Victoria University of Wellington (originally known as Victoria University College ) was founded in 1897, named after Queen Victoria , on the 60th anniversary of her coronation . The original name was Victoria University College , but on the dissolution of the University of New Zealand in 1961 Victoria or "Vic" became
1508-648: The age of 81 following a brief illness. Reading Recovery use in Australia and New Zealand has reduced significantly over the last years because of a report from the New South Wales Department of Education concluded that Reading Recovery was largely ineffective, and should not be used for most children. On 23 April 2022, the Center for Research in Education and Social Policy at the University of Delaware presented
1566-696: The announcement, Victoria University Tertiary Education Union branch president Dougal McNeill called on the university to shelve its planned staff cuts. Vice-chancellor Smith said that the funding injection would allow the university to save about a third of the 229 planned job cuts. In October 2023 Victoria University issued a request for proposal to sell 24 properties, worth about $ 16 million, to recover their deficits. Of these properties, 11 were student flats, three of which were unoccupied. Victoria University of Wellington has three campuses spread out over Wellington city. It also has premises in Auckland. The School of Business and Government offers selected courses at
1624-521: The approach in favor of phonics based instruction. These include Columbus, Ohio, and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. On April 23, 2022, the Center for Research in Education and Social Policy at the University of Delaware presented the results of a study of the long-term effects of Reading Recovery. The conclusion was that the "long-term impact estimates were significant and negative". The study found that children who received Reading Recovery had scores on state reading tests in third and fourth grade that were below
1682-716: The area from "Inner Residential Area" to "Institutional Precinct", remove the Flats from the City District Plan's heritage list, and amend the Institutional Precinct provisions of the District Plan. Residents supported the removal of the flats from the area, as it was a significant case of urban decay in the area, while various groups, such as the Wellington Architectural Centre opposed the demolition of
1740-485: The building using LIDAR mapping technology. This data was then used to create a computer generated model of the flats, allowing for them to be explored in a virtual reality environment. This virtual reality experience was them displayed at an exhibition named Immersive Legacies: 320 The Terrace, at the Wellington Museum , allowing for users to see information about the building, the building in its prime state, and
1798-481: The building was not completed to its original design, but was progressively added to as the college grew. In the meantime, students had built tennis courts, as well as a wooden gymnasium and social hall being constructed. The building was named after Thomas Alexander Hunter, the well-regarded professor of mental science and political economy. Following the end of the First World War, north and south wings were added to
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1856-418: The building, providing new teaching areas, recreational spaces, and a new library. An extramural branch was founded at Palmerston North in 1960. It merged with Massey College on 1 January 1963. Having become a branch of Victoria upon the University of New Zealand's 1961 demise, the merged college became Massey University on 1 January 1964. In 2004, Victoria celebrated the 100th birthday of its first home,
1914-769: The building. However, in July 2016, the Architectural Centre lodged an appeal in the Environment Court against the Wellington City Council's decision to remove the Gordon Wilson flats' heritage status under Wellington's District Plan . The appeal was successful with the court determining that the heritage listing should stand in August 2017. In 2018, Victoria University students Jessie Rogers and Hannah Rushton mapped
1972-488: The centre of global finance at the time. Nevertheless, in 1882, parliament passed the Auckland University College Act in 1882. The growth of the population of Wellington , and the gradual improvement of the economy in the late 1880s were key factors in the final establishment of the college. A prominent advocate of creation was Robert Stout , Premier of New Zealand and later Chief Justice , as well as
2030-539: The college was built on a 6-acre plot of hilly land in Kelburn . Coincidentally, Pharazyn held a major financial interest in the then-under construction Kelburn – Karori Tramway (now known as the Wellington Cable Car ). The Tramway was completed the following year, and to this day transports students from the central business area of Lambton Quay, to the university via Salamanca Station. Construction began in 1902 with
2088-605: The college were chosen; dark green and gold, taking inspiration of the colours of the nearby gorse covered Tinakori Hill . In 1903 the council intended to establish a professorship in law, ‘with a desire of to making the Law School at Wellington the most complete in the Colony’, as soon as financially possible. The college appointed a fifth professor, in modern languages – selecting the Oxford educated Anglo-German George von Zedlitz. Zelditz
2146-567: The current deterioration of the structure. In July 2020, Victoria University unveiled plans for what they called ' Te Huanui '. The plan showed that the university could be rezoning the site for institutional use, demolishing the Gordon Wilson Flats, while retaining the nearby McLeans Flats. The area would then be used to create a gateway between the hilltop Kelburn campus, and the city below, including an outdoor plaza and new teaching and research facilities. The development would also create
2204-666: The early 1980s, and she served as a distinguished visiting scholar there in 1984–85. The Ohio State University board of trustees approved the Marie Clay Endowed Chair in Reading Recovery and Early Literacy on 4 February 2005. In 2017 Clay was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi 's " 150 women in 150 words ", celebrating the contribution of women to knowledge in New Zealand. In 1951, she married civil engineer Warwick Victor Clay, with whom she had
2262-458: The faculty of the University of Auckland from 1960. Clay developed the Reading Recovery a whole language intervention programme, which was adopted by all New Zealand schools in 1983. In 1985, teachers and researchers from Ohio State University brought Reading Recovery to the United States. Reading Recovery is an early intervention for at-risk students in grade one that is designed to close gaps within an average of 12–20 weeks. In 1982, Clay
2320-436: The first Labour Government of 1935 and they reflect and have a direct connection with international modernism. This issue bought up wider debate on whether it was worth retaining mid-century public housing for heritage purposes, when the building in question had itself paid scant value towards the past. In April 2016, a Wellington City Council panel approved the rezoning of the flats, allowing Victoria University to demolish
2378-418: The flats, noting their architectural significance. The Gordon Wilson Flats have exceptional architectural significance. Not only are they associated with F. Gordon Wilson, one of the most prominent, powerful and influential architects in New Zealand from the 1930s through to the 1950s but they are the last of a line of highly important high rise social housing projects built by the state. They were initiated by
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2436-560: The humanities, and some scientific disciplines, and offers a broad range of other courses. Entry to all courses at first year is open, and entry to second year in some programmes (e.g. law, criminology, creative writing, architecture, engineering ) is restricted. Victoria had the highest average research grade in the New Zealand Government's Performance Based Research Fund exercise in both 2012 and 2018, having been ranked 4th in 2006 and 3rd in 2003. Victoria has been ranked 215th in
2494-485: The name change for erasing 120 years of history. By contrast, Chancellor Neil Paviour-Smith defended the outcome of the vote as "one decision in a much broader strategy to try and help the university really achieve its potential". The council would submit its recommendation to the Minister of Education to make the final decision. On 18 December 2018 the minister for education, Chris Hipkins , announced that he had rejected
2552-434: The national music centre would provide a real uplift for music and music education. The state-of-the-art teaching, rehearsal, research and performance spaces that it will offer will enable an outstanding education for the next generation of musicians The Living Pa will be a redevelopment of the marae and surrounding area of the Kelburn campus. This will involve the removal of five buildings from 42 to 50 Kelburn Parade and
2610-483: The necessity for the establishment of a University College here in Wellington,’ The college was to be governed by a 16-man council, with their inaugural meeting taking place on 23 May 1898. The founding professors of Victoria College were: While Victoria College had been legally founded with a grant, a council and a number of students, it had no physical property for the first decade of its existence. Early courses were held at Wellington Girls High School as well as
2668-433: The number of fulltime students declined from 17,000 in 2022 to 14,700 in 2023. To address this deficit, Smith proposed laying off between 230 and 260 staff members including 100 academics and 150 professional staff. On 27 June 2023, the New Zealand Government announced a NZ$ 128 million funding injection for New Zealand universities' degree and postgraduate-level programmes that would come into effect from 2024. In response to
2726-489: The regrading of the hillside. The construction of a main building followed shortly after, designed by local architects F. Penty and E.M. Blake in the Gothic Revival style. At the requests of Richard Seddon, the building gained a more imposing demeanour through the insistence of adding a third level. The then governor of New Zealand , Lord Plunket , laid the foundation stone on 27 August 1904. While opened on 30 March 1906,
2784-474: The results of a study of the long-term effects of Reading Recovery. The conclusion was that the "long-term impact estimates were significant and negative". The study found that children who received Reading Recovery had scores on state reading tests in third and fourth grade that were below the test scores of similar children who did not receive Reading Recovery. It suggests three possible hypotheses for this outcome: In October 2022, American Public Media debuted
2842-532: The test scores of similar children who did not receive Reading Recovery. It suggests three possible hypotheses for this outcome: Marie Clay Dame Marie Mildred Clay DBE FRSNZ ( / ˈ m ɑːr i / MAR -ee ; née Irwin ; 3 January 1926 – 13 April 2007) was a researcher from New Zealand known for her work in educational literacy. She was committed to the idea that children who struggle to learn to read and write can be helped with early intervention. A clinical psychologist , she developed
2900-549: The university announced that it would purchase the abandoned Gordon Wilson Flats from Housing New Zealand . It was subsequently revealed that the purchase price was over NZD 6 million. The university bought the site due to its close proximity to the Kelburn campus, with the potential to create a link between Ghuznee St and the Terrace to the campus. In July 2015, Urban Perspectives Limited, on behalf of Victoria University, lodged an application with Wellington City Council to rezone
2958-641: The university project, returned from Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in Great Britain with an honorary Law degree from the University of Cambridge . Seddon decided that the establishment of a college in Wellington would be a suitable way to mark the Queen's jubilee year. When introducing the Victoria College Bill in December 1897, Seddon stated: ‘I do not think there will be any question as to
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#17330846600123016-494: The university's academic programme needs. The library holds approximately 1.3 million printed volumes. It provides access to 70,000 print and electronic periodical titles and 200,000 e-books. It is an official Depository Library (DL-296) of the United Nations System (DEPOLIB), one of only three in the country. The J. C. Beaglehole Room is the official repository of all archival and manuscript material, and provides
3074-464: The university's advisory board favoured the name change. On 24 September 2018 Victoria University's Council voted by a majority of nine to two to change the university's name to the University of Wellington. The council also voted to adopt the new Māori name of Te Herenga Waka . The university's vice-chancellor Grant Guilford abstained from the vote, citing a conflict of interest. Critics such as Victoria University law professor Geoff McLay criticised
3132-455: The world. In 2015, a report from the New South Wales Department of Education, concluded that Reading Recovery was largely ineffective, and should not be used for most children. As a result, in 2016, Reading Recovery lost its "mandated status" as part of the curriculum in NSW's more than 900 public schools, although individual schools may still opt to use it. A further consequence of this shift in policy
3190-412: Was entitled The teaching of reading in New Zealand special classes . She also received a Diploma of Education from the same institution in 1948. After studying clinical child psychology at the University of Minnesota as a Fulbright scholar, Clay received her PhD from the University of Auckland in 1966 after completing her doctoral thesis entitled Emergent reading behaviour . She was employed on
3248-464: Was established in 1899. The collections are dispersed over four locations: Kelburn Library, Law Library, Architecture and Design Library and Commerce Library. The library also has a collection of digital resources and full text material online. In addition to electronic resources, printed books and journals, the Library also acquires works in microform, sound recordings, videos and other media consistent with
3306-834: Was inducted into the International Reading Association 's Reading Hall of Fame. In the 1987 New Year Honours , she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire , for services to education. In 1992, she was elected president of the International Reading Association and was the first non-North American to hold this position. Her teachers' guidebook, Reading Recovery: Guidelines for Teachers in Training, has sold more than eight million copies worldwide. She died in Auckland , New Zealand, at
3364-539: Was joined by a newly appointed New Zealand-educated biology professor Harry Borrer Kirk. The newly appointed Council in 1889 had considered the use of the 13-acre Alexandra Barracks site for a permanent campus. The site was widely supported in Wellington, but release of the land for academic purposes was stalled by the Seddon Government . In February 1901 an offer was made by a wealthy Wairarapa sheep farmer named Charles Pharazyn. Pharazyn offered to donate £1000 if
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