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32-457: Rauhes Haus was founded at Horn (now a suburb of Hamburg ) by the 25-year-old theologian Johann Hinrich Wichern on 12 September 1833 who for a long time was head administrator at the institution. The name of the institution is a corruption of Ruges Haus as the institution started in an old house called by its former occupant Ruges Hus (i.e. Ruge's house), which by a mistranslation into high German became “Rauhes Haus”, i.e. rough house. It

64-716: A significant curtailment of the senate's governmental power." In Hamburg the Reformation started in 1524 and was adopted by the Senate in 1529, fixed by the Langer Rezess (roughly: Long Settlement, negotiated for more than a year). The Langer Rezess made the ruling council (senate) accountable to several civic committees, forming together the Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft . "At about the same time, three deacons from each parish (twelve altogether), acting as "chief elders", took on

96-487: Is a district in the borough Hamburg-Mitte , in the eastern part of Hamburg , Germany . In 2020 the population was 37,903. During World War II Hamburg and, therefore, Horn were targets of the air raids of the so-called Operation Gomorrah . Horn is located in the eastern part of the city of Hamburg and belongs to the Hamburg-Mitte borough. In 2006 according to the statistical office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein,

128-509: Is now considered Hamburg's oldest constitutional act, establishing first principles balancing the power of the government of the city-state and its citizens. The Erster Rezess established the principle that in Hamburg nobody may be arrested at the government's will but only after a prior judicial hearing and conviction (except of in flagrante delicto). Furthermore, the Erster Rezess stipulated that

160-709: Is serviced by the rapid transit system of the underground railway with the stations: Horner Rennbahn and Legienstraße (line U2 since the Change of the Lines). According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), there were 9,310 private cars registered (252 cars/1000 people) in Horn in 2007 with 131 traffic accidents being recorded. Hamburg Parliament Opposition (37) The Hamburg Parliament ( German : Hamburgische Bürgerschaft ; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry”)

192-582: Is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2020 there are 123 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg . The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister ( First Mayor ) for

224-600: The Bürgerschaft . Since 1859 Bürgerschaft refers to this elected parliamentary body. The Social Democratic Party (SDP) maintained its influence over the city’s politics during the 1949 elections. Their victory was significant during a time of considerable reconstruction and reform in Germany. The SDP continued to govern Hamburg from that time forward, except from 1953 to 1957, when the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)

256-614: The Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft passed a new electoral law to meet the criticism in September 1848 but the restoration, supported and enforced by Prussian troops during the First Schleswig War , turned the table. A new attempt to reform the constitution was launched after long discussions in 1859 and the Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft met for the last time in November of this year to establish a new order as well as to disband itself in favour of

288-477: The citizenry (the Bürgerschaft) formed a functioning body, though with restricted authority. The Forty-Eighters persisted, serving as opinion-forming committee within the citizenry, and developed into the first permanent representation of the citizens of Hamburg. Further settlements (Rezesse) between senate and Bürgerschaft constituted the more formalised coöperation between them. "The Reformation brought with it

320-423: The city council (Senate, no parliament but the government) had cited and arrested Heyne Brandes  [ de ] , a burgher of Hamburg. Brandes had claims due against John IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg from a credit which Brandes had granted earlier. Brandes had taken the defaulting duke, during his visit in Hamburg in 1410, to task and dunned him in a way the duke considered insulting. The duke complained to

352-424: The council (senate) has to synchronise with the citizens in all severe matters, such as war, contracts with foreign powers, or decisions as to levying new or raising higher taxes, by convoking the citizens in plenary assembly. The plenary assemblies met in front of the city hall. With an overall population of roughly 10,000 people and only a minority among the male adults enjoying citizenship, the plenary assemblies of

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384-510: The deacons) continued to exist and the plenary assembly of citizens was replaced by the Assembly of the 144 (Hundertvierundvierziger, or formally: Kollegium der Diakone und Subdiakone ), comprising 36 representatives (12 deacons and 24 subdeacons) from each parish. Later the parishioners of St. Michael's Church in the New Town , established as parish independent of St. Nicholas in 1647, were granted

416-601: The election period and the control of the Senate ( cabinet ). The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years. Bürgerschaft (literally citizenry) is a term in use since the Middle Ages to refer to the male inhabitants of Hamburg with citizenship. A committee of

448-576: The heads of guilds – thus only a fraction of the male population – were entitled to vote." The enfranchised citizens, grouped along their parishes, then elected from each of the then four parishes 12 representatives (deacons), the Council of the Forty-Eighters (die Achtundvierziger), who on Saint Lawrence Day (August 10) stipulated with the senate the Recess of 1410 (later called Erster Rezess). The Erster Rezess

480-642: The institution carried on a printing and book-binding business. Its newsletter was called the Fliegende Blätter . Today, this basic mission continues with broader criteria for its clientele. The house is owned by the foundation Stiftung Das Rauhe Haus of the German Diakonisches Werk , the charitable work organization of many Protestant churches in Germany. 53°33′14″N 10°04′20″E  /  53.55389°N 10.07222°E  / 53.55389; 10.07222 Horn, Hamburg Horn

512-549: The instruction of the institution, in order to prepare themselves for the work of the Home Mission in other localities. This indeed became one of the most important features of the work carried on by the Rauhes Haus, and its graduates were found in every field of charitable work in Germany. The whole staff of assistants, consisted of young men of 20 to 29 years of age who were formed into a kind of society (Brüderschaft). After 1844,

544-505: The landowning class within the city, called Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft , was formed out of this group in the 15th century to consult with the city's ruling councillors (Ratsherren; later called the "Senate of Hamburg" following the Roman example), and to be consulted by them. The city council, in early times supposedly elected by male citizens, had turned into an autocratic body restaffing its vacancies by coöptation . The system of coöptating seats

576-408: The like. It was supported by voluntary contributions, profits arising from the productive enterprises it carried on, and fees from the richer pupils. By the early 20th century, there was an average of 100 poor and neglected children, about one-third girls, receiving instruction within its walls. They lived in “families” of from 12 to 15, each “family” being under the care of one of the adult members of

608-471: The mission training school. The family group model influenced later establishments such as the agricultural colony for delinquent boys at Mettray . It was also adopted in the United Kingdom by a number of poor law authorities and children's charities who set up cottage homes developments to house the children in their care. The educational department was in the hands of assistants, who also took part in

640-444: The parliament and its sessions. The president is supported by a 'First Vice-president' and 3 vice presidents, all are elected by the representatives. President, vice presidents, and 3 recording clerks are the board ( German: Präsidium ). The president of the Hamburg Parliament has been Carola Veit since 2011. The Council of Elders ( German: Ältestenrat ) consists of the president, the vice presidents and several members, appointed by

672-470: The parliamentary groups. The council support the president and the board regarding decisions of the agenda, personnel matters, and financial affairs. Parliamentary groups ( German: Fraktionen ) are pooled by minimum 6 members of the parliament. Most these groups are by one party. The daily work of the parliament is done in committees. The qualification is regulated by law. As of 2008, candidate must be at least 18 years old, and must not be allowed to vote by

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704-452: The quarter had a total area of 5.9 km (2.3 sq mi). To the north you will find the district of Marienthal, part of the Wandsbek borough, and the district of Billstedt is located to the east. To the west are the districts of Hamm-Nord, Hamm-Mitte and Hamm-Süd; to the south is the district of Billbrook. In 2007 the population of the Horn quarter was 36,890. The population density

736-644: The results of Horn in the Hamburg state election : In 2006 there were 5 elementary schools and 5 secondary schools in Horn totalling 3,894 pupils. The Deutsches Derby is a Group 1 flat horse race at the Hamburg-Horn Racecourse , the Horner Rennbahn, scheduled to take place each year in July. In 2007 there were 16 day-care centers for children, 44 physicians in private practices and 8 pharmacies. Horn

768-470: The same rights as the burghers in one of the four parishes in the Old Town , and the same number of representatives. "Beginning in 1685, there were thus fifteen chief elders: sixty deacons instead of forty-eight and 180 assembly members altogether, rather than 144. These structures existed into the nineteenth century, with each college recruiting new members from the next larger." This assembly of 180 (as of 1685)

800-494: The senate, which then interrogated Brandes. He admitted the dunning , and thus the senate arrested him. This caused a civic uproar of Hamburgers. "In Hamburg as in other cities, the parishes ... had been not only church districts but also municipal political districts since the Middle Ages . They ... formed four incorporated bodies ( Petri , Nikolai , Katharinen , Jacobi ) in which the " allodial " (property-owning) burghers and

832-565: The sensitive balance of power. Thus, a commission, sent by the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire , had to secure the peace by force in 1708 and the city was once more negotiating and reforming her own administrative structures in the following years. The Vormärz led to even more criticism of the established structures and Hamburg participated in the elections of the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848. This resulted in even more debates and

864-468: The task of centralizing, administering, and uniformly distributing relief to the poor." The chief elders  [ de ] were also entitled to decide with the senate in all matters concerning the welfare and the concord of the city, and formed thus besides Bürgerschaft and senate the third constitutive body, however, excluded from government again by the new constitution of 1859. The Forty-Eighters, now called Kollegium der Diakone (collegial panel of

896-445: Was 6,273 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,247/sq mi). 15.5% were children under the age of 18, and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. 22.5% were immigrants. 2,765 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 19.604 households, and 51% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 1.82. In 2007 there were 4,237 criminal offences (115/1000 people). Population by year These are

928-525: Was connected with the German Home Mission (or Inner Mission ), and started as an industrial institution for poor boys. The scope of the school widened with its growth, and in the early 20th century, besides forming a refuge for neglected children, it received boarding pupils from the higher income families and served as a training school for those wishing to become teachers, superintendents or assistants in hospitals, reformatories, houses of correction and

960-574: Was in power. After this period, however, the SDP regained control and developed Hamburg’s political, social, and economic faucets, stretching their influence late into the 20th century. Since March 23, 2011 the Hamburg Parliament has been in its 20th legislative period in the Federal Republic of Germany. A SPD-Government succeeded a coalition of CDU and the Greens. The president of the parliament presides over

992-606: Was more and more identified as the Erbgesessene Bürgerschaft, although the council of the Sixty (extended from the Forty-Eighters) was a panel previously subsumed as part of it. Since Lutheran parishes and the collegial bodies staffed with their parishioners formed the constitutional bodies of Hamburg there was no easy way to open politics for non-Lutherans. Bürgerschaft, chief elders and senate could not settle all aspects of

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1024-462: Was prone to corruption and it came to several major struggles in the following decades. The first relevant document organising power and tasks of citizenry and the city council (government), which was traditionally dominated by the local merchants, dates back to 1410 and is named Erster Rezess (roughly: The first Settlement , literally the agreement reached before parting [Lat. recedere] of the negotiating partners). The Erster Rezess came about after

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