Tom Johnson (born November 18, 1939) is an American minimalist composer .
57-508: Tom Johnson was born in Greeley, Colorado , where he received a religious education at a Methodist church, which has influenced his work. He received two degrees from Yale , a B.A. (1961) and the M.Mus. (1967), after which he studied privately with Morton Feldman in New York . From 1971 to 1983 he was a music critic for The Village Voice , writing about new music, and an anthology of these articles
114-572: A 4th of July parade, this yearly tradition has grown to draw-in visitors from neighboring cities and states. The average yearly attendance is nearly 250,000. Greeley is home to the Union Colony Civic Center , one of the largest performing arts venues in Colorado. The 1,686-seat Monfort Concert Hall hosts touring Broadway musicals, concerts, comedians, along with regional and local performing arts groups. The 214-seat Hensel Phelps Theatre hosts
171-583: A bachelor's degree or higher. Among the companies based in Greeley are the meatpacker JBS USA (originally Monfort of Colorado, Inc.), the outsourcing company StarTek, and the contractor Hensel Phelps Construction . The Colorado/Kansas operations of natural gas utility Atmos Energy are based in Greeley. In August 2010, Leprino Foods announced plans for a new $ 270 million factory in Greeley. Construction began in July 2010, and consisted of three phases. The final phase
228-568: A city council with two members elected from each ward and one member elected at large. The mayor may be the city council member elected at large or the city council may appoint a mayor. Colorado has 157 statutory towns that operate under Title 31, Article 1, Section 203 and Article 4, Part 3 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. The statutory town of Creede uses the official title "City of Creede". Garden City , Lake City , Orchard City , and Sugar City are statutory towns but use city at
285-467: A city or a town), statutory city , statutory town , and territorial charter municipality . State law makes relatively few distinctions between a city and a town. The charter of a home rule municipality may designate either a city or town municipal title. In general, cities are more populous than towns, although long-term population changes may skew this considerably, as illustrated by the City of Black Hawk and
342-548: A household in the city was $ 64,853, and the median income for a family was $ 75,477. Males had a median, full-time income of $ 52,730 versus $ 44,348 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 30,195. 13.8% of families and 17.4% of the population had income below the poverty line during the 12 months prior to being surveyed. For people with incomes below the poverty line, 20.5% of those were under age 18 and 9.1% were age 65 or over. Of Greeley residents age 25 and over, 23% were high school graduates (no college) and 26% had
399-508: A light touch of absurdity, as the music presents itself as if giving a course in music. The visual also plays an important role in Nine Bells (1979), a piece written for nine bells suspended in a three by three square, with one bell in the center. The player moves around this square, hitting bells along the way, following paths that are quite varied but always systematic. In Galileo (1999-2005), bells swing like pendulums in tempos determined by
456-699: A narrator, who explains pedagogically how the music is made, as is the case in Eggs and Baskets (1987) and Narayana’s Cows (1989). From 1988 to 1992, Johnson worked on the Bonhoeffer Oratorio for two choruses, soloists and orchestra, using exclusively texts of the German pastor and theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945). The association of text and music led Johnson to write numerous radio pieces, most often for René Farabet ( France Culture ) and for Klaus Schöning ( WDR ). Some humor often emerges in these pieces, due to
513-522: A private school for record-keeping purposes and some may attend public or charter schools for a few courses, making the exact number of home-schooled students in Greeley difficult to specify. Colleges and universities in Greeley include University of Northern Colorado , a public university with an enrollment of around 9,000 students, Aims Community College , IBMC College , and the Academy of Natural Therapy. North Colorado Medical Center opened in 1904, and
570-511: A suitable site, and purchased 12,000 acres at the confluence of the Cache la Poudre and South Platte Rivers . The site, formerly known as the "Island Grove Ranch", included the area of Latham, an Overland Trail station, and was halfway between Cheyenne, Wyoming and Denver, Colorado along the tracks of the Denver Pacific Railroad . By May, 500 people had arrived to take up residence in
627-530: A theatrical atmosphere close to performance art . The librettos for his operas, which he almost always writes himself, describe what takes place in the music in an objective manner, somewhat reminiscent of Pirandello . For example, in The Four-Note Opera , the chorus proclaims “There are three choruses in this opera. This is the first one. The second one will be almost like this one, but somewhat shorter […]”. Words intervene in many of his works, generally via
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#1732876122017684-715: Is a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor . Greeley is located in northern Colorado and is situated 49 miles (79 km) north-northeast of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver . Greeley is a college town, home to the University of Northern Colorado and Aims Community College . Greeley began as the Union Colony of Colorado , which was founded in 1869 by Nathan C. Meeker , an agricultural reporter for
741-467: Is provided by Greeley-Evans Transit (GET), which operates seven local bus routes across Greeley. Since January 2, 2020, GET operates a regional bus service called the Poudre Express which connects Greeley to Fort Collins and Windsor . Express Arrow also operates buses to Denver and Buffalo, Wyoming , stopping at multiple other cities along the way. A fictionalized Greeley was featured heavily in
798-429: Is served by US Route 85 and US Route 34 . At the 2020 United States Census , the city had a total area of 31,419 acres (127.148 km ) including 102 acres (0.413 km ) of water. The nearest city with a population of over 100,000 is Fort Collins , in neighboring Larimer County . Greeley experiences a semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ). High temperatures are generally around 90–95 °F (32 °C) in
855-416: Is the home rule municipality city that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Weld County , Colorado , United States. The city population was 108,795 at the 2020 United States Census , an increase of 17.12% since the 2010 United States Census . Greeley is the tenth most populous city in Colorado. Greeley is the principal city of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and
912-592: Is the primary medical facility for Weld County. In 2019, UCHealth opened Greeley Hospital. Founded in 1871, the Greeley Police Department is one of the ten largest police departments in Colorado, employing 64 non-sworn members, and 157 sworn members. Since 2006, the Greeley Police Department has received more than $ 2.3 million of tactical military equipment from the United States Department of Defense . Public transportation in Greeley
969-556: The New York Tribune , as an experimental utopian farming community "based on temperance, religion, agriculture, education and family values," with the backing of the Tribune ' s editor Horace Greeley , who had visited Colorado in the 1859 Pike's Peak Gold Rush and had popularized the phrase " Go West, young man ". A committee which included Meeker and former Civil War general Robert Alexander Cameron traveled to Colorado to find
1026-576: The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (I.C.E) staged a coordinated predawn raid at the Swift & Co. meat packing plant in Greeley and at five other Swift plants in western states, interviewing undocumented workers and transporting hundreds off in buses. In June of 2012, Greeley became the first city in the state of Colorado to implement SB11-273, known as the Law of Common Consumption , allowing for patrons of
1083-495: The Town of Carbonate , which has had no year-round population since the 1890 Census due to its severe winter weather and difficult access. The City of Black Hawk with a 2020 population of 127 is the least populous Colorado city, while the Town of Castle Rock with a 2020 population of 73,158 is the most populous Colorado town. At the 2020 United States Census , 4,299,942 of the 5,773,714 Colorado residents (74.47%) lived in one of
1140-565: The Town of Castle Rock . Neither village nor civil township is a type of civil division in the State of Colorado. The cities of Cherry Hills Village and Greenwood Village and the towns of Log Lane Village , Mountain Village , and Snowmass Village have the word "village" at the end of their names. Nineteen Colorado municipalities extend into two counties, while two cities – Aurora and Littleton – extend into three counties. In
1197-453: The season 15 finale episode of the popular animated television show South Park , titled " The Poor Kid ". The episode sees main characters Kenny McCormick and Eric Cartman move to the town, after being put into foster care . Greeley is a sister city to Moriya , a city located in Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture. The cities host a collaborative student exchange program—on odd-numbered years
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#17328761220171254-463: The state capital , is the oldest municipality in Colorado. On December 3, 1859, the extralegal Territory of Jefferson granted a charter to the consolidated City of Denver, Auraria, and Highland . The Town of Keystone , incorporated on February 8, 2024, is the newest Colorado municipality. Colorado municipalities range in population from the City and County of Denver with a 2020 population of 715,522, to
1311-499: The 271 municipalities active at the time. Another 714,417 residents (12.37%) lived in one of the 210 census-designated places , while the remaining 759,355 residents (13.15%) lived in the many rural and mountainous areas of the state. In 2020, only 1,968 square miles (5,097 km ) of Colorado's 103,642 square miles (268,431 km ) of land area (1.90%) were incorporated in the 271 active municipalities. The City of Colorado Springs with 195 square miles (506 km ) of land area
1368-641: The City of Greeley sponsors ten high-school students to visit Moriya for a week, and on even-numbered years Greeley hosts students from the city. From 2020 until at least 2022, the student exchange aspect of the program was temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic . List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality The U.S. State of Colorado has 273 active municipalities , comprising 198 towns , 73 cities , and two consolidated city and county governments . The City and County of Denver ,
1425-764: The Colorado Heritage Educational School System (K–12). There are at least three private preschools: #1 Child Enrichment-Superior Childcare, Shepherd of the Hills Lutheran Preschool, and ABC Central. In Colorado, private schools are considered businesses and are not regulated by the Colorado Department of Education or local school boards. In 2021, the Greeley-Evans school district reported 229 students who are home-schooled full-time; some number of these students may be affiliated with
1482-412: The Colorado Revised Statutes. A statutory city must have a population of at least 2,000 at the time of incorporation or reorganization, although three have lost population since. Statutory cities have an elected mayor and a city council composed of the mayor and two members elected from each ward. A statutory city may petition to reorganize as a Section 200 statutory city with an appointed city manager and
1539-483: The Colorado Revised Statutes; and the home rule charter of each municipality. The state-authorized home rule charter determines the form of government. Home rule gives local municipalities the power to make legislation relevant to their areas, exercising control over issues of local concern while minimizing state intervention in municipal affairs. Colorado has 11 statutory cities that operate under Title 31, Article 1, Section 203 and Article 4, Section 100 or Section 200 of
1596-484: The Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield has an appointed city and county manager , an elected mayor, and a city council of 11 members composed of the mayor and two members elected from each of five wards. As of 2024, Colorado has 102 cities and towns that are home rule municipalities, which are self-governing under Article 20 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado; Title 31, Article 1, Section 202 of
1653-489: The Downtown Greeley Entertainment District to buy drinks in "Go-Cups" from participating downtown establishments. On 28 May 2024, a severe hailstorm impacted the eastern side of the city, covering some areas in over one foot of hail (~30.5 cm) and causing one fatality. Mayor John Gates signed a local disaster declaration due to major flooding and hail. City officials stated that the cost of damage to
1710-752: The Greeley Creative District was certified as an official Creative District by the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade. First known as the Greeley Spud Rodeo in 1922, the summer celebration was renamed the Greeley Independence Stampede by 1972. This locally famous event typically lasts nearly two weeks leading up to Independence Day. Including events like a demolition derby, rodeos, carnival rides and games, food vendors, live musical performances, and even
1767-695: The Poudre Learning Center, a community resource focused on providing educational programming about the Cache la Poudre river . Many public schools offer one or more magnet programs , which enable students from around the district to attend public schools other than their assigned neighborhood school to participate in a unique educational program. Examples include Greeley West High School 's International Baccalaureate and agriculture programs, Greeley Central High School 's arts magnet program, and Northridge High School 's science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) and horticulture programs. In addition to
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1824-639: The Stampede Troupe in addition to lectures, meetings, and smaller performances. The Tointon Gallery presents a dozen exhibits annually by local, regional, and national artists, and is free to the public. Owned and operated by the City of Greeley, the Union Colony Civic Center sponsors many events held by the University of Northern Colorado, Greeley Philharmonic Orchestra, the Greeley Chorale, and
1881-432: The Stampede Troupe theater company. Greeley operates under a council-manager system of government, where the city council, composed of seven members, adopts laws and policies for the city, in addition to establishing priorities. This council includes elected members from each of the four wards, two at-large members, and the mayor. In 2021, there were an estimated 20,442 children ages 5–18 living in Greeley, about 18.7% of
1938-633: The State of Colorado, only Denver and Broomfield have consolidated city and county governments. The City and County of Denver operates under Article XX, Section 4 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado ; and Title 30, Article 11, Section 101 of the Colorado Revised Statutes . Denver has an elected mayor and a city council of 13 members with 11 members elected from council districts and two members elected at large. The City and County of Broomfield operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of
1995-587: The State of New York . The Town of Georgetown is the only municipality that still operates under a charter granted by the Territory of Colorado . The town operates under Article 14, Section 13 of the Charter & Constitution of the Colorado Territory enacted on January 28, 1868. The town mayor is called the police judge and the town council is called the board of selectmen . Download coordinates as: Select
2052-406: The city was 64.1% White , 2.8% Black or African American , 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native , 1.4% Asian , 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander , 13% from other races , and 17.3% who identified as two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 43.8% of the population. Out of 38,381 total households, 26,460 (68.9%) were family households where at least one member of
2109-573: The city was over $ 1.45 million. Greeley is located in the High Plains of northern Colorado about 25 mi (40 km) east of the Rocky Mountains and north of Denver . Greeley is bordered on the south by the towns of Evans and Garden City . The Greeley/Evans area is bounded on the south by the South Platte River , and the Cache la Poudre River flows through north Greeley. The city
2166-677: The city, result in less precipitation and fewer thunderstorms . This is paradoxical, because adjacent areas (mostly farmland) experience between 7 and 9 hail days per year. The climate in Greeley, as well as all of Colorado, is extremely dry. The Chinook winds coming off the mountains often raise temperatures to near 70 °F (21 °C) in January and February, and sometimes to near 90 °F (32 °C) in April. Greeley's elevation and low year-round humidity means that nighttime low temperatures are practically never above 68 °F (20 °C), even in
2223-491: The city. The age distribution shows 80,882 residents are age 18 and older and 28,458 residents are under 18 years of age. The age distribution of the population showed 30.1% from 0 to 19, 8.8% from 20 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% ages 65+. The median age was 31.7 years old. The gender distribution was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. The racial makeup of
2280-548: The collection of Music for 88 (1988), where he applied ideas of Eratosthenes , Euler , Mersenne and Blaise Pascal . Later he collaborated with living mathematicians, particularly Jean-Paul Allouche, Emmanuel Amiot, Jeff Dinitz and Franck Jedrzejewski. With them he explored the notions of self-similar melodies ( Loops for orchestra , 1998), tiling patterns ( Tilework , 2003), and block designs ( Block Design for Piano , 2005), along with homometric pairs ( Intervals , 2013). Johnson also introduces text and visual images to produce
2337-401: The end of their names. Statutory towns have an elected mayor and a board of trustees composed of the mayor and four or six additional members elected at large. Colorado statutory cities and towns are limited to exercising powers that are granted by the state and are subject to provisions and limitations imposed by the state and are similar to villages in other states such as the villages of
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2394-406: The hottest part of the summer. The diurnal temperature range is usually rather wide, with a 50-degree (Fahrenheit) difference between daytime highs and nighttime lows not uncommon, especially in the spring and fall. Rapid day-to-day and diurnal fluctuation in temperature is also common. As of the 2021 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, there were 109,340 people and 38,381 households in
2451-531: The household was related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. 11,921 (31.1%) households were non-family households consisting of people living alone and households which did not have any members related to the householder. Of the 26,460 family households, 12,578 (47.5%) had children under the age of 18 living with them. The population density was 2,234.5 inhabitants per square mile (862.7/km ). There were 40,510 housing units at an average density of 828.4 per square mile (319.8/km ). The median income for
2508-454: The last around May 4. Extratropical cyclones which disrupt the weather for the eastern two-thirds of the US often originate in or near Colorado, which means Greeley does not experience many fully developed storm systems. Warm fronts, sleet, and freezing rain are practically nonexistent here. In addition, the city's proximity to the Rocky Mountains and lower elevation, compared to the mountains west of
2565-866: The length of their strings, permitting the composer to make music following the laws of the pendulum, as formulated by Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. Since 2000 the work of Johnson has been less concerned with theatricality and turns more toward musical form and mathematics. From about 2004 to 2010 he worked with what he calls “rational harmonies” in pieces like 360 Chords for orchestra (2005) and Twelve (2008) for piano. Rhythm plays an important role in pieces such as Vermont Rhythms (2008), Munich Rhythms (2010), Tick-Tock Rhythms (2013), and Dutch Rhythms (2018). Johnson also wrote pieces for jugglers ( Three Notes for Three Jugglers , 2011; Dropping Balls , 2011), and several more ambitious projects ( Seven Septets , 2007–2017 ; Counting to Seven , 2013 ; Plucking , 2015). Greeley, Colorado Greeley
2622-544: The new colony. The name Union Colony was later changed to Greeley in honor of Horace Greeley. Greeley is located just west of the area previously occupied by the Overland Trail station of Latham, originally called the Cherokee City Station. The Latham station, which was also known as Fort Latham, was built in 1862 and named in honor of Milton S. Latham , one of California's early senators. The stagecoach station
2679-476: The population. Most areas in Greeley and the neighboring Evans lie in Greeley-Evans School District 6 . This public school district operates two preschool programs, 11 elementary schools, six K–8 schools , four middle schools (grades 6–8), one junior high school (grades 7–9), three traditional and three non-traditional high schools, and one K–12 online school. The school district also operates
2736-439: The school district's own schools, it also charters and oversees six charter schools: University Schools (K–12), Frontier Academy (K–12), West Ridge Academy (K–8), Salida del Sol (K–8, bilingual school), Union Colony Elementary School (K–5), Union Colony Preparatory School (6–12). The district also partially is affiliated with four "community partner" preschools, which are private preschools all or partially funded and overseen by
2793-504: The school district. Many of the district's charter high schools and non-traditional public high schools maintain a relationship with Aims Community College and/or the University of Northern Colorado to provide supplemental courses for high school students. There are at least five wholly private primary or secondary schools inside the Greeley city limits: St. Mary's Catholic School (P–7), Dayspring Christian School (P–12), Trinity Lutheran School (P–6), Adventure Child Care Center (P–6), and
2850-492: The summer and 40-45 °F (4 °C) in the winter, although significant variation occurs. The hottest days generally occur around the third week of July and the coldest in January. Nighttime lows are near 60 °F (16 °C) in the summer and around 15–20 °F (−9 °C) in the winter. Record high temperatures of 112 °F (44.4 °C) have been recorded, as have record low temperatures of –25 °F (–32 °C). The first freeze typically occurs around October 4 and
2907-454: Was at the confluence of the South Platte River and the Cache la Poudre River . It is believed that the birth of the first white child born in Colorado, a girl, occurred there. Fort Latham was the headquarters of the government troops during the Indian conflicts of 1860–1864 and the county seat; the post office was called Latham. Greeley was incorporated as a city on April 6, 1886. Greeley
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#17328761220172964-420: Was built in 1928. Greeley housed two prisoner of war camps in 1943, during World War II. One was for German POWs and the other was for Italian POWs. A vote to allow the sale of alcohol passed by a mere 477 votes in 1969, thus ending temperance in the city. The Greeley Philharmonic Orchestra was started in 1911. In 1958, Greeley became the first city to have a Department of Culture. On December 12, 2006,
3021-426: Was built on farming and agriculture, but kept up with most modern technologies as they grew. Telephones were in town by 1883 with electric lights downtown by 1886. Automobiles were on the roads alongside horse drawn buggies by 1910. A Women's Citizens League was established there to support female suffrage. In 1922, KFKA became one of the first radio stations to broadcast in the U.S. The Greeley Municipal Airport
3078-554: Was finished in 2017, and 500 people are currently employed at the facility. According to the city's annual list of top employers, the following are the largest employers in Greeley as of May 1, 2023: The 233rd Space Group is a unit of the Colorado Air National Guard located at Greeley Air National Guard Station. It is adjacent to the Greeley–Weld County Airport and makes use of its runways. In 2014
3135-461: Was published in 1989 by Het Apollohuis under the title The Voice of New Music . During this period he also composed four of his best known works: An Hour for Piano (1971), The Four-Note Opera (1972), Failing (1975) and Nine Bells (1979). After 15 years in New York, he moved to Paris where he lives with his wife, the artist Esther Ferrer . Johnson considers himself a minimalist composer, and
3192-501: Was the first to apply this term to music in his article "The Slow-Motion Minimal Approach”, written for The Village Voice in 1972. His minimalism is of a formalist type, depending mostly on logical sequences, as in the 21 Rational Melodies (1982), where he explores procedures such as accumulation, counting, and isorhythm. After the Rational Melodies , he developed more complex techniques using mathematical notions. This began with
3249-618: Was the most extensive municipality, while the Town of Sawpit with 19 acres (0.078 km ) of land area was the least extensive. The City of Glendale with a 2020 population density of 8,117 residents per square mile (3,134/km ) was the most densely populated municipality, while the Town of Bonanza with a 2020 population density of 38 residents per square mile (15/km ) was the least densely populated municipality after Carbonate. Colorado municipalities operate under one of five types of municipal governing authority — consolidated city and county , home rule municipality (which may be either
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