Misplaced Pages

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53-649: Raspberry Pi OS runs on every Raspberry Pi except the Pico microcontroller. Raspberry Pi OS uses a modified LXDE desktop environment with the Openbox stacking window manager, along with a unique theme. The default distribution is shipped with a copy of the computer algebra system Wolfram Mathematica , VLC , and a lightweight version of the Chromium web browser. Raspberry Pi OS was first developed by Mike Thompson and Peter Green as Raspbian, an independent and unofficial port of Debian to

106-608: A fingerprinting attack to help personally identify users and track them, while providing limited or no benefit to the user. As HTML5test checks for most of these APIs, it artificially lowers WebKit's "score" in points (as does lack of DRM support). Web once supported NPAPI plug-ins, such as Java and Adobe Flash , but support was removed in GNOME 3.34. In the modern web platform, these have fallen out of favor and support has been removed from all major browsers. Flash has been deprecated by Adobe itself. Flash had gained infamy throughout

159-459: A fork of Galeon. The fork occurred because of the disagreement between Gritti and the rest of Galeon developers about new features. Gritti regarded Galeon's monolithic design and the number of user-configurable features as factors that were limiting Galeon's maintainability and usability, but the rest of the Galeon developers wanted to add more features. Around the same time, the GNOME project adopted

212-530: A Content Decryption Module to use, all available modules are proprietary even if licensing is possible, and the system imposes digital rights management that hides what the user's computer is doing to make copying "premium content" difficult. However, Media Source Extensions is supported, as YouTube began to require this technology in November 2018. Apple , which is the primary corporate backer of WebKit, rejected at least 16 web APIs because they could be used in

265-503: A background image. A menu bar is positioned at the top and contains an application menu and shortcuts to a web browser ( Chromium ), file manager, and terminal . The other end of the menu bar shows a Bluetooth menu, Wi-Fi menu, volume control, and clock. The desktop can also be changed from its default appearance, such as repositioning the menu bar. Packages can be installed via APT , the Recommended Software app, and by using

318-400: A centralized GNOME web application management was to be implemented in GNOME 3.4, but this never happened. Since GNOME 3.26, Web has support for Firefox Sync, which allows users to sync their bookmarks, history, passwords, and open tabs with Firefox Sync, which can then be shared between any copy of Firefox or Web that the user signs into Firefox Sync with. Web once supported extensions and

371-604: A component of GNOME Core Applications , it provides full integration with GNOME settings and other components like GNOME Keyring to securely store passwords, following the GNOME Human Interface Guidelines and the GNOME software stack to provide first-class support for the all new-adopted edge technologies such as Wayland and the latest major GTK versions, multimedia support using GStreamer , small package size (2.6MB) and very fast execution/startup time due to using shared components; other features include

424-408: A fast and energy-efficient desktop environment . LXDE uses rolling releases for its individual components (or for groups of components with coupled dependencies). The default window manager used is Openbox , but one can configure a third-party window manager for use with LXDE, such as Fluxbox , IceWM or Xfwm . LXDE includes GPL -licensed code as well as LGPL -licensed code. The project

477-401: A lightning-fast browser for quick surfing, Epiphany will do the trick." She further noted, "Though I still use Firefox as my primary browser, lately it seems to run at a snail's pace. So, one of the first things I noticed about Epiphany is how quickly it launches. And subsequent page loads on my system are equally as fast." Henry criticized Epiphany for its short list of extensions, singling out

530-447: A little research (and then a little debugging) I realized the issue was with JavaScript. Epiphany (in its current release), for some strange reason, doesn't like JavaScript. The only way around this was to disable JavaScript. Yes this means a lot of features won't work on a lot of sites – but this also means those same sites will load faster and won't be so prone to having issues (like crashing my browser)." Wallen concluded positively about

583-412: A minimum of WebKitGTK 2.26 or later. This provides the "Bubblewrap Sandbox" for tab processes, which is intended to prevent malicious websites from hijacking the browser and using it to spy on other tabs or run malicious code on the user's computer. If such code found another exploit in the operating system allowing it to become root , the result could be a disaster for all users of the system. Making

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636-509: A package was maintained containing the official ones. This was later removed due to problems with stability and maintainability. Some popular extensions, such as ad blocking , were moved to the core application. The project has expressed an interest in implementing support for the WebExtension add-on format used by Chrome, Firefox, and some other major browsers, if interested contributors can be found. Experimental support for WebExtensions

689-437: A plain site-specific browser (single instance) of Web limited to one domain, with off-site links opening in a normal browser. The launcher created this way is accessible from the desktop and is not limited to GNOME Shell . For instance it may be used with Unity , used on Ubuntu . This feature facilitates the integration of the desktop and World Wide Web , which is a goal of Web's developers. Similar features can be found in

742-577: A set of human interface guidelines , which promoted simplification of user interfaces. As Galeon was oriented towards power users , most developers disapproved. As a result, Gritti created a new browser based on Galeon, with most of the non-critical features removed. He intended Epiphany to comply with the GNOME HIG. As such, Epiphany used the global GNOME theme and other settings from inception. Gritti explained his motivations: While Mozilla has an excellent rendering engine, its default XUL -based interface

795-446: A slower pace than those with other desktop environments. Dissatisfied with GTK 3, Hong Jen Yee experimented with Qt in early 2013 and released the first version of a Qt-based PCManFM on 26 March 2013. On 3 July 2013 Hong announced a Qt port of the full LXDE suite, and on 21 July Razor-qt and LXDE announced that they would merge the two projects. This merger meant that the GTK and

848-451: A small browser designed for the web—not mail, newsgroups, file management, instant messaging or coffee making. The Unix philosophy is to design small tools that do one thing, and do it well. [..] Epiphany's main goal is to be integrated with the gnome desktop. We don't aim to make Epiphany usable outside Gnome. If someone will like to use it anyway, it's just a plus. For example: Making people happy that don't have control center installed

901-608: Is a free and open-source web browser based on the GTK port of Apple 's WebKit rendering engine, called WebKitGTK . It is developed by the GNOME project for Unix-like systems. It is the default and official web browser of GNOME , and part of the GNOME Core Applications . Despite being a component of GNOME, Web has no dependency on GNOME components. GNOME Web is the default web browser on elementary OS , Bodhi Linux version 5 and PureOS GNOME Edition. GNOME Web

954-537: Is a popular file manager for use with tiling window managers and hence, having a Wayland-native PCManFM is useful for people that use Sway . Default desktop Alternative desktop Former default desktop Unlike other major desktop environments such as GNOME , the components of LXDE have few dependencies and are not tightly integrated. Instead, they can be installed independently of each other or LXDE itself. GNOME Web GNOME Web , called Epiphany until 2012 and still known by that code name ,

1007-454: Is an experimental GTK 3 port developed by the Arch Linux community. GTK 3 versions have already been developed for the following components: LXAppearance, LXAppearance-ObConf, LXDE-common, LXDE-icon-theme, LXDM, LXhotkey, LXInput, LXLauncher, LXPanel, LXRandR, LXSession, LXTask, LXTerminal, Openbox, PCManFM. One advantage of using GTK 3 is that GTK 3 programs run natively on Wayland . PCManFM

1060-629: Is configured to block ads and pop-ups by default. In GNOME 3.34, the existing ad blocker was removed. This code was only partially functional and had been the source of many bugs. Web adopted the "Content Blockers" system from the WebKit engine. One of the developers, Adrián Pérez de Castro, compared the old and new ad blockers. He found that the switch saved approximately 80 MiB of RAM per browser tab. Since GNOME 3.28, Web has support for Google Safe Browsing , to help prevent users from visiting malicious websites. Since GNOME 3.34, Web explicitly requires

1113-405: Is considered to be overcrowded and bloated. Furthermore, on slower processors even trivial tasks such as pulling down a menu is less than responsive. Epiphany aims to utilize the simplest interface possible for a browser. Keep in mind that simple does not necessarily mean less powerful. We believe the commonly used browsers of today are too big, buggy, and bloated. Epiphany addresses simplicity with

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1166-560: Is not a good reason to have mime configuration in Epiphany itself. Galeon continued after the fork, but lost momentum due to the remaining developers' failure to keep up with changes in the Mozilla platform. Galeon development stalled and the developers decided to work on extensions to bring Galeon's advanced features to Epiphany. Gritti ended his work on Epiphany and a GNOME team led by Xan Lopez, Christian Persch and Jean-François Rameau now direct

1219-704: The Add/Remove Software tool, a GUI wrapper for APT. PCManFM is a file browser allowing quick access to all areas of the computer, and was redesigned in the first Raspberry Pi OS Buster release (2019-06-20). Raspberry Pi OS originally distributed the web browser Epiphany , but switched to Chromium with the launch of its redesigned desktop. The built-in browser comes preinstalled with uBlock Origin and h264ify. Raspberry Pi OS comes with many beginner IDEs , such as Thonny Python IDE , Mu Editor , and Greenfoot . It also ships with educational software, such as Scratch and Bookshelf. The download statistics from

1272-596: The GNOME Human Interface Guidelines and platform-wide design decisions. For example, in Web 3.4, the menu for application actions was moved to the GNOME Shell 's top panel application menu and the menu bar was replaced with "super menu" button, which triggers the display of window-specific menu entries. Since GNOME 3.32, Web can adjust to various form factors with the help of Libadwaita . It supports desktop, tablet and phone form factors. ("Narrow Mode"). Since GNOME 3.18, Web

1325-400: The reader mode , mouse gestures , smart bookmarks , praised web application integration mechanism, built-in ad blocking , the "Insert Emoji" option in the context menu for quick and easy inserting of Emoji and Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs into the text boxes , Google Safe Browsing , supports reading and saving MHTML , an archive format for web pages that combines all

1378-411: The Epiphany team added support for WebKit as an alternative rendering engine. On April 1, 2008 , the team announced that it would remove the ability to build it using Gecko and proceed using only WebKit. The size of the team and complexity of porting the browser to WebKit caused version 2.22 to be re-released with bugfixes alongside GNOME 2.24, so the releases stagnated until July 1, 2009 , when it

1431-629: The Pi, but Raspbian does provide the Epiphany web browser and a few other desktop programs. In late January 2021, the Raspberry Pi OS package raspberrypi-sys-mods added a trusted GPG key and configuration entry in the APT package manager. This addition made it easier to install Visual Studio Code , a source code editor developed by Microsoft . This change initiated a query to Microsoft's package servers every time

1484-531: The Qt versions would coexist for some time but, eventually, all original team efforts focused on the Qt port, LXQt . Despite the original team moving to LXQt development, some other developers continued to maintain LXDE on GitHub and, as of March 2021, there are fresh commits to keep updated the GTK 2 version. As of July 2019 LXTerminal release is based on GTK 3 to avoid dependencies on the old VTE lib. As of May 2020, there

1537-809: The Raspberry Pi Foundation published the Raspberry Pi Imager, a custom disk installer for Raspberry Pi OS, as well as other operating systems designed for the Raspberry Pi, including RetroPie, and Kodi OS , The Raspberry Pi documentation recommends at least a 4 GiB microSD card for Raspberry Pi OS Lite, and at least an 8 GiB microSD card for all other versions. Labwc since 2024-07-04 Zero W Zero 2 W (Wheezy) (Jessie) (Stretch) (Buster) (Bullseye) (Bookworm) Labwc since 2024-07-04 Zero W Zero 2 W LXDE LXDE (abbreviation for Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment)

1590-402: The Raspberry Pi Foundation released Raspberry Pi OS (Legacy), a branch of the operating system that continued to receive security and hardware compatibility updates but was based on Buster , an older version of Debian. All versions are distributed as disk image files, having the file extension img , intended to be flashed to microSD cards from which Raspberry Pi OS is booted. In March 2020,

1643-456: The Raspberry Pi Imager indicate that Raspberry Pi OS is by far the most used operating system on the Raspberry Pi, accounting for 68.44% of all OS downloads in the month preceding 24 February 2022. It is also the choice of distro used by Ken Thompson , one of the original developers of the UNIX operating system. Jesse Smith from DistroWatch reviewed Raspbian in 2015: Though I did not intend to run

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1696-553: The Raspberry Pi as a desktop computer , the Raspbian operating system does provide users with the LXDE desktop environment. The Pi does not have a great deal of processor speed or memory, but it does have enough resources to run LXDE and a handful of applications. So long as the user does not wish to do a lot at once, the Pi offers a fairly responsive desktop interface. I probably would not run heavier programs such as LibreOffice or Firefox on

1749-415: The Raspberry Pi. The first build was released on July 15, 2012. As the Raspberry Pi had no officially provided operating system at the time, the Raspberry Pi Foundation built on the work by the Raspbian project and began producing and releasing their own version of the software. The Foundation's first release of Raspbian, which now referred both to the community project as well as the official operating system,

1802-703: The WebKit engine), but also causes caching servers to deliver JPEG 2000 images, of which Safari is the only major browser to support. There is no other usable open source option for JPEG 2000 support. Fixing OpenJPEG, which is the official reference software , will be a massive undertaking that could take years to sort out. Enabling the Bubblewrap Sandbox would cause many vulnerabilities in this and other components to become "minimally useful" to potential attackers. In GNOME 3.36, Web gained native support for PDF documents by using PDF.js . Michael Catanzaro explained that having websites open Evince to display PDF files

1855-464: The Windows version of Google Chrome . For the same purpose Mozilla Foundation previously developed a standalone application Mozilla Prism , which was superseded by the project Chromeless . Web applications are managed within the browser's main instance. The applications can be deleted from the page, accessible with a special URI about:applications . This approach was supposed to be a temporary while

1908-459: The address bar in find-as-you-type manner. Another innovative concept supported by Web (though originally from Galeon ) is " smart bookmarks ". These take a single argument specified from the address bar, or from a textbox in a toolbar. Since GNOME 3.2, released in September 2011, Web allows creating application launchers for web applications . The subsequent invocation of a launcher brings up

1961-501: The browser, "Although Epiphany hasn't fully replaced Chrome and Firefox as my one-stop-shop browser, I now use it much more than I would have previously. [It has a] small footprint, fast startup, and clean interface." In March 2011, Veronica Henry reviewed Epiphany 2.32, saying "To be fair, this would be a hard sell as a primary desktop browser for most users. In fact, there isn't even a setting to let you designate it as your default browser. But for those instance where you need to fire up

2014-400: The files of web pages into only one single file; and consume fewer system resources than the major cross-platform web browsers. The underlying WebKit browser engine provides support for HTML 4 , XHTML , CSS 1 and 2, most of HTML 5 and CSS 3, and a Web Inspector (web development debugging tool). Encrypted Media Extensions support is not a goal, as the standard does not specify

2067-718: The option to build with XULRunner . The latter was critical. Previously, Epiphany could only use an installed Mozilla web browser as a web engine provider. The XULRunner support made it possible to install Epiphany as the only web browser on the system. The development process suffered from major problems related to the Gecko backend. Notably, the release cycles of the two projects did not line up efficiently. Additionally, Mozilla increasingly disregarded third-party software that wished to make use of Gecko, until it became viewed as an integrated Firefox component. To address these issues, in July 2007,

2120-529: The project. Gritti died of cancer on May 23, 2015. The first version of Epiphany was released on December 24, 2002. Epiphany initially used the Gecko layout engine from the Mozilla project to display web pages. It provided a GNOME graphical user interface for Gecko, instead of Mozilla's cross-platform interface. The development of Epiphany was mainly focused on usability improvements compared to major browsers at

2173-478: The sandbox a priority was brought on, according to Michael Catanzaro, because he was particularly concerned with the code quality of OpenJPEG and the numerous security problems that had been discovered in it, including many years of failing security reviews by Ubuntu. He further explained that web compatibility requires that sites believe that Web is a major browser. Sending them the user agent of Apple Safari causes fewer broken websites than others (due to sharing

Raspberry Pi OS - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-621: The system checked for updates. Given Microsoft's once-adversarial history with Linux, this form of telemetry upset some users. The changes were later removed. Raspberry Pi OS is produced in three installation versions: Two legacy versions are recognized: Raspberry Pi OS Lite is the smallest version, and does not include a desktop environment. The desktop version includes the Pixel desktop environment. Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software comes pre-installed with additional productivity software, such as Libre Office. On December 2, 2021,

2279-439: The time. The most notable was the new text entry widget, which was introduced in version 1.8. The new widget supported icons inside the text area and reduced the screen space needed to present information, while improving GNOME integration. The next major milestone was version 2.14, which was the first to follow GNOME's version numbering. It also featured network awareness using NetworkManager , smart bookmarks improvements, and

2332-530: The web browser's engine, it does not add security vulnerabilities to the browser the way that compiled plug-ins such as Adobe Acrobat or Evince could. While most browsers feature a hierarchical folder-based bookmark system , Web uses categorized bookmarks, where a single bookmark (e.g. this page) can exist in multiple categories (such as "Web Browsers", "GNOME", and "Computer Software"). A special category includes bookmarks that have not yet been categorized. Bookmarks, along with browsing history, are accessed from

2385-872: The years for usability and stability issues, incessant security vulnerabilities, its proprietary nature, its ability to let sites deploy particularly obnoxious web ads, and Adobe's poor and inconsistent Linux support. Many of these issues were raised by Steve Jobs , then CEO of Apple, in his essay Thoughts on Flash . Web reuses GNOME frameworks and settings, including the user interface theme, network settings, and printing. Settings are stored with GSettings and GNOME default applications are used for internet media types handling. The user configures these, centrally, in GNOME's settings app. The built-in preference manager for Web presents basic browser-specific settings while advanced settings which could radically alter Web's behavior can be changed with utilities such as dconf (command line) and dconf-editor (graphical). Web follows

2438-427: Was a free desktop environment with comparatively low resource requirements. This makes it especially suitable for use on older or resource-constrained personal computers such as netbooks or system on a chip computers. LXDE was written in the C programming language , using the GTK 2 toolkit, and runs on Unix and other POSIX -compliant platforms, such as Linux and BSDs . The LXDE project aims to provide

2491-460: Was announced on September 10, 2013. On May 28, 2020, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced a beta 64-bit version. However, this version was not based on Raspbian, instead taking its user space software from Debian GNU/Linux. When the Foundation did not want to use the name Raspbian to refer to software that was not based on the Raspbian project, the name of the officially provided operating system

2544-406: Was announced that 2.26 would be the final Gecko-based version. In September 2009, the transition to WebKit was completed as part of GNOME 2.28. Developers of GNOME Web maintain a complete and accurate changelog in its official repository that shows complete and detailed changes between all the releases, following table just shows arbitrarily mentioned some notable and important changes: As

2597-457: Was changed to Raspberry Pi OS. This change was also carried over to the 32-bit version, though it continued to be based on Raspbian. The 64-bit version of Raspberry Pi OS was officially released on February 2, 2022. Raspberry Pi OS has a desktop environment, PIXEL (short for P i I mproved X windows E nvironment, L ightweight), based on LXDE , which looks similar to many common desktops, such as macOS and Microsoft Windows . The desktop has

2650-499: Was insecure, as it could be used to escape the browser's security sandbox. Since Evince was the last user of NPAPI, this allowed the remaining support code for the obsolete plug-in model (where additional vulnerabilities could be hiding) to be removed. Since the NPAPI support had a hard dependency on X11, moving to PDF.js also allowed that dependency to be dropped. Since PDF.js internally converts PDF documents so that they can be displayed by

2703-692: Was introduced in GNOME 43. In reviewing the WebKit-powered Epiphany 2.28 in September 2009, Ryan Paul of Ars Technica said "Epiphany is quite snappy in GNOME 2.28 and scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test. Using WebKit will help differentiate Epiphany from Firefox, which is shipped as the default browser by most of the major Linux distributors." In reviewing Epiphany 2.30 in July 2010, Jack Wallen described it as "efficient, but different" and noted its problem with crashes. "When I first started working with Epiphany it crashed on most sites I visited. After doing

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2756-549: Was originally named "Epiphany", but was rebranded in 2012 as part of GNOME 3.4. The name Epiphany is still used internally, as its code name, for development and in the source code. The package remains epiphany-browser in Debian (to avoid a name collision with a video game that is also called "Epiphany") and epiphany in Fedora and Arch Linux . Marco Pesenti Gritti, the initiator of Galeon , originally developed Epiphany in 2002 as

2809-553: Was started in 2006 by Taiwanese programmer Hong Jen Yee ( Chinese : 洪任諭 ; pinyin : Hóng Rènyù ), also known as PCMan, when he published PCManFM , a new file manager and the first module of LXDE. In 2010, tests suggested that LXDE 0.5 had the lowest memory-usage of the four most-popular desktop environments of the time (the others being GNOME 2.29, KDE Plasma Desktop 4.4 , and Xfce 4.6), and that it consumed less energy, which suggested mobile computers with Linux distributions running LXDE 0.5 drained their batteries at

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