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49-638: The Rapides River flows from north to south for 48 kilometres (30 mi), falling from an altitude of 640 metres (2,100 ft) to sea level. The river mouth forms a small bay 200 metres (660 ft) wide and 400 metres (1,300 ft) long that opens into the Sept Îles Bay past Père-Conan island. The mouth of the Rapides River is in the municipality of Sept-Îles in the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality. It enters Sept-Îles bay to

98-643: A passenger rail service north to Emeril, Labrador (near Labrador City ) which continues northward towards its terminus in Schefferville, Quebec. Groupe Desgagnés operates the Bella Desgagnés passenger and cargo ship along the lower St. Lawrence from Rimouski to Blanc-Sablon from mid-April to mid-January. All terrestrial television stations in the Sept-Îles area are repeaters of stations and networks that originate elsewhere. These stations are available on

147-410: A July high of 19.6 °C (67.3 °F); summers thus display stronger maritime influence than do winters. Precipitation is significant year-round, but it is lowest from January to March. The highest temperature ever recorded in Sept-Îles was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) on 18 June 2020. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −45.6 °C (−50.1 °F) on 29 January 1913. The coldest temperature

196-555: A distribution warehouse in 1959. With the iron ore business, the Sept-Îles deep-water seaport was second in Canada only to Vancouver in terms of yearly tonnage. The huge engineering project led to a major increase in population, and housing was quickly built to accommodate them. The town grew from 2,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 14,000 in 1961, and 31,000 in 1981. The decline in worldwide iron ore prices in recent decades has since caused employment and population to decrease. On January 11, 1986,

245-544: A few weeks. Winters are long, very cold, and snowy, lasting from late October to late April, but milder than more inland locations, with a January high of −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) and a January low of −20.9 °C (−5.6 °F). Overall precipitation is unusually high for a subarctic climate, and snow totals correspondingly heavy, averaging 384.6 cm (151.4 in) per season, with an average depth of 16 cm (6.3 in) annually or 37.6 cm (14.8 in) from December to April inclusive. Summers are mildly warm, with

294-475: A population density of 14.1/km (36.5/sq mi) in 2021. At the Census Agglomeration level in the 2021 census, the agglomeration of Sept-Îles (consisting of Sept-Îles, Maliotenam , and Uashat ) had a population of 27,729, living in 12,293 of its 13,878 total private dwellings, a change of -2.8% from its 2016 population of 28,534. With a land area of 1,750.44 km (675.85 sq mi), it had

343-479: A population density of 15.8 people/km (41 people/sq mi) in 2021. In 2021, the median age was 44.4, and French was the mother tongue of 92.5% of residents. The next most common mother tongues were English at 2.8%, followed by Innu at 1.4%. 1.1% reported both English and French as their first language. Additionally there were 0.4% who reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples comprised 4.2% of

392-546: A safe haven for avoiding Hurricane Dorian . The Sept-Îles Airport has connections all over Quebec and Labrador. General aviation seaplanes are served by Sept-Îles/Lac Rapides Water Aerodrome . Air Gaspé was based in Sept-Îles, but acquired by Quebecair in 1973. In the 1980s, continued airline restructuring led to Quebecair's being acquired by CP Air in 1986, which in turn was taken over by Canadian Airlines in 1987. Tshiuetin Rail Transportation also operates

441-402: A salmon river. Fish species are rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ), American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ), brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), ninespine stickleback ( Pungitius pungitius ) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Sept-%C3%8Eles, Quebec Sept-Îles ( Quebec French pronunciation: [sɛˈt͡s‿ɪl] ; lit.   ' Seven Islands ' )

490-551: Is a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec . Along with Brador and Blanc-Sablon , Sept-Îles is one of the oldest places in the province. The population was 24,569 as of the 2021 Canadian census . The town is called Uashat , meaning "bay" in Innu-aimun . The city is well known for having major iron companies like Iron Ore Company of Canada and SFP Pointe-Noire iron ore transport service company. The city relies heavily on

539-523: Is a great mass of iron ore encased in the norite and labradorite rock of the region. The Rapides River basin cover 573 square kilometres (221 sq mi). It is elongated along a north–south axis, 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and 10–20 kilometres (6.2–12.4 mi) wide. It lies between the basins of the Sainte-Marguerite River to the west and the Moisie River to the east. The basin

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588-436: Is a key characteristic of these ecosystems. However, while ombrotrophic peat decomposes slowly, some nutrient release does occur. For example, microelements like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) are easily mobilized. Additionally, the presence of more nutrient-demanding species in drainage channels draining ombrotrophic bog areas suggests nutrient removal from these ecosystems. Vegetation in ombrotrophic bogs

637-569: Is a miniature village for children. According to the Dictionnaire des rivières et lacs de la province de Québec (1914), This watercourse on the north coast of the Saint Lawrence, Saguenay County, discharges into the Sept-Iles bay 300 miles below Quebec . This river has two waterfalls, of which the first is one mile and the second 31 miles from its mouth. A few hundred yards from its mouth there

686-784: Is adapted to survive in nutrient-poor conditions, with Sphagnum mosses playing a critical role in its nutrient cycle and retention. The addition of extra nutrients and its effects on vegetation and the carbon cycle can impact an ombrotrophic bog. Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a major concern in northern ecosystems, which are typically nutrient-limited. Some studies suggest that N deposition may increase ecosystems' carbon dioxide (CO2) sink potential by stimulating plant productivity. High N deposition levels in Europe have led to changes in plant species composition in peatlands and tundra , with documented increases in vascular plant biomass and decreases in moss abundance, particularly

735-500: Is also shipped at Point Noire port facilities. The Aluminerie Alouette , in activity since 1992, has a large part in the local employment since construction started in 1989. Since its major expansion that started in 2005, it is now the largest primary aluminum smelter in the Americas. As a service centre for northeastern Québec, Sept-Îles economy is also powered by many jobs in the services sector. Prior to its disestablishment, Air Gaspé

784-524: Is ombrotrophic. In contrast to ombrotrophic environments, minerotrophic environments are those where the water supply comes mainly from streams or springs. This water has flowed over or through rocks often acquiring dissolved chemicals which raise the nutrient levels and reduce the acidity, which leads to different vegetation such as fen or poor fen . In most cases, ombrotrophic bogs are extremely nutrient deficient, relying solely on precipitation and atmospheric dust for nutrient supply. This deficiency

833-491: Is partly in the unorganized territory of Lac-Walker (80.7%) and partly in the municipality of Sept-Îles (19.3%). Part of the basin is in the Zec Matimek , which covers 144 square kilometres (56 sq mi) of the western side. Most of the watershed is on a high plateau with deep valleys in which steep slopes can rise for more than 300 metres (980 ft). The highest point is at an altitude of 716 metres (2,349 ft) in

882-593: Is to enable the various public and private bodies to enjoy a permanent structure, in the form of a one-stop shop, enabling them to work jointly on the development and promotion of the City of Sept-Îles and from its surroundings to international cruise lines. The main partners involved in the development of international cruises are the city of Sept-Îles, the Port of Sept-Îles , the and Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam . As of 2018, more than 55,000 international visitors have visited

931-443: Is unclear whether this pattern would continue under higher N deposition levels. With a warmer and drier climate , without the effect of N deposition, bog communities in Canada are likely to shift and could become weaker C sinks or even C sources. Ombrotrophic bogs have also been assessed for their uses as archives of atmospheric mercury deposition. This involves studying the solid state distributions of mercury and other metals in

980-604: Is under provincial jurisdiction, with some parts administered by the federal government or by individuals. There are two First Nations reserves in the area: Uashat in the western city proper, and Maliotenam in the east near the Moisie River. Sept-Îles has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ) bordering on a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) despite being located at around only 50 degrees latitude. The two main seasons are summer and winter, as spring and autumn are very short transition seasons lasting only

1029-795: The Cogeco cable system, which also offer a local cable channel, TVCogeco . The local Cogeco system also carries CBMT-DT ( CBC ) Montreal and CJBR-DT ( Ici Radio-Canada Télé ) Rimouski . Sept-Îles is not designated as a mandatory market for digital television conversion ; only CFTF-TV and Télé-Québec announced their intentions to convert all their transmitters to digital, regardless of location. Ombrotrophic Ombrotrophic ("cloud-fed"), from Ancient Greek ὄμβρος ( ómvros ) meaning "rain" and τροφή ( trofí ) meaning "food"), refers to soils or vegetation which receive all of their water and nutrients from precipitation , rather than from streams or springs. Such environments are hydrologically isolated from

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1078-577: The James Bay Road . The only other settlements at higher latitudes in the province are mostly isolated Cree , Innu , or Inuit villages, with access limited to seasonal gravel roads. Sept-Îles is the seat of the judicial district of Mingan. The city is also home to the most highly attended recreational volleyball tournament in the province: the Tournoi Orange , which consists of 405 teams and close to 800 volleyball games. The first inhabitants of

1127-417: The ecological regions of Quebec shows the river in sub-regions 6j-T and 6m-T of the east spruce/moss subdomain. The forest cover is dominated by black spruce ( Picea mariana ), balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) and to a lesser extent hardwoods such as paper birch ( Betula papyrifera ), trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) and balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera ). The Rapides River is not recognized as

1176-412: The iron industry . Sept-Îles has among the highest average wages and the highest average wage increases. It is among the northernmost places with a paved connection to the rest of Quebec's road network. The only settlements on the paved road network that are farther north are Fermont , Radisson and Chisasibi , the latter two of which are in the extreme western part of the province at the north end of

1225-520: The Cran de Fer at 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) from the mouth. The river basin includes several large and irregular-shaped lakes, Lake Grand Rapides at 9.3 square kilometres (3.6 sq mi), Lake Rapides at 7.8 square kilometres (3.0 sq mi), Lake Curot at 6.2 square kilometres (2.4 sq mi), Lake Tortellier at 3.3 square kilometres (1.3 sq mi) and Lake Hingan at 2.8 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi). Waterbodies cover 8.31% of

1274-643: The Desmeules, Deschênes and Champion rivers, which drain the northeast, southeast and southwest parts of the watershed. The Bouleau waterfall on the Rapides River is above its confluence with the Desmeules River. There are three waterfalls in the lower section of the river between the outlet of Lake Rapides and the river mouth, the Outarde at 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi), the Grosse Chute at 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) and

1323-676: The HBC store closed. During the early 1990s, some new jobs accompanied the construction and operation of the new Aluminerie Alouette inc. aluminum processing plant. Construction for Phase 1 began in September 1989, and operation started in 1992. Construction of Phase 2 began in 2003. In February 2003, the city amalgamated with the municipalitiess of Gallix and Moisie . The city includes the neighbourhoods of Arnaud, Clarke-City , De Grasse, de la Pointe, de la Rivière, Ferland, La Boule, Lac Labrie, Matamec, Plages, Pointe-Noire and Val-Marguerite. Located on

1372-570: The area were varying cultures of aboriginal peoples. The Montagnais or Innu people, who call it Uashat ("Great Bay"), have lived there since before the time of European encounter. Jacques Cartier sailed by the islands in 1535 and made the first written record of them, calling them the Ysles Rondes ("Round Islands"). He was not the first European in the area, as he encountered Basque fishermen who came annually from Europe for whaling and cod fishing. Early European economic activity in Sept-Îles

1421-458: The basin. Ombrotrophic peat bogs cover 0.95% of the area, mostly on the coastal plain with its flat relief and fine sediments. A gauging station 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the Rapides River's mouth made continuous measurements from 1947 to 1983. It showed an annual average flow of 16.4 cubic metres per second (580 cu ft/s), varying during the year from 3.25 to 38.3 cubic metres per second (115 to 1,353 cu ft/s). A map of

1470-540: The bog to understand postdepositional transport processes and the immobility of deposited trace metals. It was found that mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) are immobile in ombrotrophic peat, indicating that their distribution can be used to determine temporal changes in deposition and suggesting that ombrotrophic bogs can serve as reliable records of historic atmospheric mercury deposition. Historic atmospheric mercury deposition in Arlberg Bog, Minnesota , increased gradually after

1519-576: The genus Sphagnum . This moss is critical in bogs for its ability to absorb and retain moisture and nutrients from the atmosphere, and to retard vascular plant growth, thus contributing to carbon (C) sequestration . Atmospheric N deposition in North America is lower than in Europe. Studies in boreal peatlands in Canada have reported a positive correlation between wet N deposition and C accumulation, but it

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1568-467: The main challenges is the infrequent sample intervals and the lack of chemical data on surface peat or sufficient information on habitat conditions. Although some nutrient release occurs in ombrotrophic peat, there is a significant gap in understanding the rate and depth of element release and how mobility varies within these ecosystems. Therefore, despite the recognition of their importance, ombrotrophic bogs remain relatively understudied , highlighting

1617-416: The mid-1800s, peaked between 1950 and 1960, and may have declined thereafter. Preindustrial deposition levels were estimated to be about 4 μg/m per year, while recent deposition levels were approximately 19 μg/m per year. The deposition of mercury in Arlberg Bog appeared to have been influenced by both regional and/or local-scale sources, highlighting the complex nature of atmospheric deposition patterns and

1666-439: The need to consider multiple factors when studying metal deposition in ombrotrophic bogs. However, despite their significance as sources of fuel and horticultural peat moss, there is still much to uncover about the ecological and biogeochemical processes of ombrotrophic bogs. Chemical analyses of peat profiles could shed light on this aspect, but the data collected so far have not been adequate for such analysis. One of

1715-511: The north of the watershed. The piedmont area between the coastal plan and the plateau is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) wide. It contains rounded rocky hills up to 250 metres (820 ft) high. The coastal plain in the south is less than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, and is fairly flat, rising to about 60 metres (200 ft) of elevation. The bedrock is mainly magmatic , deformed to some extent, including migmatite , anorthosite , gabbronorite and granodioritic or granitoid gneiss . On

1764-523: The north shore of the Saint Lawrence River , between the Sainte-Marguerite and Moisie rivers , Sept-Îles lies on the shore of a deep-water bay fronted by a seven-island archipelago, about 230 kilometres (140 mi) east of Baie-Comeau . The bay constitutes a 45 square kilometres (17 sq mi) natural harbour. The seven islands referred to in its name are named: The archipelago

1813-456: The plateau the bedrock is usually exposed, although in some areas there is undifferentiated glacial till no more than 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) deep. Some of the valleys hold glaciofluvial sediments . In the piedmont and the coastal plain large amounts of silt and clay were deposited by the Goldthwait Sea after the glaciers retreated. As the land rebounded from the weight of the ice and

1862-536: The population identified as Catholic , while 22.5% said they had no religious affiliation. Muslims were the largest religious minority, making up 0.8% of the population. Iron ore concentrate from IOC activities in Labrador City are transported by the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway and are shipped to many markets around the world from Sept-Îles port facilities. Iron ore from Wabush and Bloom Lake

1911-453: The population, mostly First Nations , and visible minorities accounted for 2.4%. The largest visible minority groups in Sept-Îles were Black (0.9%), Filipino (0.4%), and Latin American (0.3%). The area was home to 170 recent immigrants (i.e. those arriving between 2016 and 2021), who comprised about 0.7% of the total population. 105 of them were from various African countries. In 2021, 70.4% of

1960-400: The port of call. Cunard , P & O Cruises , Cruise and Maritime Voyages , Phoenix Reisen , Holland America Line , Oceania Cruises , Regent Seven Seas , Silversea , Saga Cruises , Crystal Cruises , Norwegian Cruise Line , Pearl Seas Cruises and Transocean Tours are among the clients of the port. On September 7, 2019, when Royal Caribbean Line made its maiden call overnight, this was

2009-543: The post. When the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) merged in 1821, Sept Iles (also known as Seven Islands) became a HBC post. When its lease expired in 1822, it was closed. The post operated again from 1831 to 1859. The HBC opened a store in a new location in 1870. In 1875, the parish of Saint-Joseph-des-Sept-Îles was created, and in 1886, its post office opened under the English name "Seven Islands" (which

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2058-413: The sea retreated, these fine sediments were covered by coarse sandy estuarine and deltaic sediments. The rivers and streams in the northern plateau follow angular courses dictated by fractures in the bedrock, which are fairly rectilinear and constrained by narrow valleys. Downstream the watercourses meander in the soft deposits of the piedmont and coastal plain. The main tributaries of the Rapides River are

2107-737: The surrounding landscape, and since rain is acidic and very low in nutrients , they are home to organisms tolerant of acidic, low-nutrient environments. The vegetation of ombrotrophic peatlands is often bog , dominated by Sphagnum mosses. The hydrology of these environments are directly related to their climate , as precipitation is the water and nutrient source, and temperatures dictate how quickly water evaporates from these systems. Ombrotrophic circumstances may occur even in landscapes composed of limestone or other nutrient-rich substrates – for example, in high-rainfall areas, limestone boulders may be capped by acidic ombrotrophic bog vegetation. Epiphytic vegetation (plants growing on other plants)

2156-433: The west of the community of Sept-Îles. The origin of the name is not known. It was made official on 5 December 1968. The Aylmer-Whittom Park at the mouth of the river, also known as Squirrel Park, is an area of natural mixed woodland, dominated by spruce and lichen. There are several trails through the park, and two observation towers to observe the bay and the birds that nest there. One tower has observation binoculars. There

2205-525: Was based on fishing and the fur trade . In 1650, Jean de Quen founded a mission there, called L'Ange- Gardien. By 1658, a fur trade post existed there, established by La Compagnie des Habitants , and Louis Jolliet established another trading post in 1679. Great Britain took over Canada from France in 1763 after its victory in the Seven Years' War , and in 1802, the North West Company (NWC) took over

2254-515: Was built between 1950 and 1954 by the Iron Ore Company of Canada . Iron ore mined near Schefferville and Wabush , Labrador , was transported on this railway and shipped from the Port of Sept-Îles. Shipment of the important new commodity resulted in investments that turned this into a major port. In 1952, the HBC built a new store, which was extended in 1954, and expanded with a groceteria in 1956 and

2303-443: Was francized to "Sept-Îles" in 1933). Lacking road access at the time, the town got its first pier in 1908. The City of Sept-Îles was incorporated in 1951, on the 300th anniversary of the first Catholic Mass held in the village. The modern Sept-Îles was built rapidly during the construction of the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway , the 575 km (357 mi) railway link to the northern town of Schefferville . The railway

2352-497: Was headquartered in Sept-Îles. Since 2009, Sept-Îles has been part of the Saint-Laurent destination circuit, which has nine international cruise ports. On a larger scale, an alliance is being created with other ports in northeastern America and Canada under the auspices of Canada New England . The international cruises in Sept-Îles are led by the non-profit organization Destination Sept-Îles Nakauinanu.M The organization's mission

2401-448: Was recorded at Clarke City , which was the primary weather station for the area until records began at Sept-Îles Airport in September 1944. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Sept-Îles had a population of 24,569 , living in 11,272 of its 12,814 total private dwellings, a change of -3.3% from its 2016 population of 25,400 . With a land area of 1,742.88 km (672.93 sq mi), it had

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