90-608: The Ranchū ( 蘭鋳 , 蘭虫 , 卵虫 , "Dutch worm") (also Maruko ) is a hooded variety of goldfish native to Japan , which lacks a dorsal fin . It is referred to as the "king of goldfish" by the Japanese . Maruko more commonly refers to the egg-fish goldfish . The ranchū is a member of the Japanese development of the lionhead . They are the direct outcome of crossbreeding experiments with Chinese lionhead specimens. Ranchū have egg-shaped bodies and deep bellies – between 5/8 to 3/4
180-438: A generalist species with varied feeding, breeding, and predator avoidance behaviors that contribute to their success. As fish, they can be described as "friendly" towards each other. Very rarely does a goldfish harm another goldfish, nor do the males harm the females during breeding . The only real threat that goldfish present to each other is competing for food. Commons , comets , and other faster varieties can easily eat all
270-438: A generalist species with varied feeding, breeding, and predator avoidance behaviors that contribute to their success. As fish, they can be described as "friendly" towards each other. Very rarely does a goldfish harm another goldfish, nor do the males harm the females during breeding . The only real threat that goldfish present to each other is competing for food. Commons , comets , and other faster varieties can easily eat all
360-409: A pyruvate decarboxylase – the first known in vertebrates . Although they are a freshwater fish, goldfish have been found in brackish water with a salinity of 17. Goldfish are gregarious, displaying schooling behavior, as well as displaying the same types of feeding behaviors. Goldfish have learned behaviors, both as groups and as individuals, that stem from native carp behavior. They are
450-409: A pyruvate decarboxylase – the first known in vertebrates . Although they are a freshwater fish, goldfish have been found in brackish water with a salinity of 17. Goldfish are gregarious, displaying schooling behavior, as well as displaying the same types of feeding behaviors. Goldfish have learned behaviors, both as groups and as individuals, that stem from native carp behavior. They are
540-455: A dorsal fin. Prior to the 17th century, lionhead goldfish with this trait were kept in China and Japan, and the ranchū breed was derived from them. A dorsal fin is found on all normal fish. This fin keeps the fish stable in the water and keeps them from rolling. Swimming speed, acceleration, and efficiency are all slower in goldfish missing dorsal fins than in normal goldfish. They must also deal with
630-566: A few bigger goldfish that people don't think of as record holders, perhaps in ornamental lakes". In July 2010, a goldfish measuring 16 inches (41 cm) and 5 pounds (2.3 kg) was caught in a pond in Poole , England, thought to have been abandoned there after outgrowing a tank. On November 16, 2020, a 15-inch (38 cm) goldfish weighing 9 pounds (4.1 kg) was found in a 16 acres (6.5 ha) lake in Greenville, South Carolina , while conducting
720-467: A few bigger goldfish that people don't think of as record holders, perhaps in ornamental lakes". In July 2010, a goldfish measuring 16 inches (41 cm) and 5 pounds (2.3 kg) was caught in a pond in Poole , England, thought to have been abandoned there after outgrowing a tank. On November 16, 2020, a 15-inch (38 cm) goldfish weighing 9 pounds (4.1 kg) was found in a 16 acres (6.5 ha) lake in Greenville, South Carolina , while conducting
810-564: A goldfish is determined by their diet, water quality, and exposure to light, along with age and health. Because goldfish eat live plants, their presence in a planted aquarium can be problematic. Only a few aquarium plant species, such as Cryptocoryne and Anubias , can survive around goldfish, but they require special attention so that they are not uprooted. Goldfish are popular pond fish, since they are small, inexpensive, colorful, and very hardy. In an outdoor pond or water garden , they may even survive for brief periods if ice forms on
900-564: A goldfish is determined by their diet, water quality, and exposure to light, along with age and health. Because goldfish eat live plants, their presence in a planted aquarium can be problematic. Only a few aquarium plant species, such as Cryptocoryne and Anubias , can survive around goldfish, but they require special attention so that they are not uprooted. Goldfish are popular pond fish, since they are small, inexpensive, colorful, and very hardy. In an outdoor pond or water garden , they may even survive for brief periods if ice forms on
990-555: A large amount of waste both in their feces and through their gills , releasing harmful chemicals into the water. Buildup of this waste to toxic levels can occur in a relatively short period of time, and can easily cause a goldfish's death. For common and comet varieties, each goldfish should have about 20 US gallons (76 L; 17 imp gal) of water. Smaller fantail goldfish should have about 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) per goldfish. The water surface area determines how much oxygen diffuses and dissolves into
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#17328869479781080-555: A large amount of waste both in their feces and through their gills , releasing harmful chemicals into the water. Buildup of this waste to toxic levels can occur in a relatively short period of time, and can easily cause a goldfish's death. For common and comet varieties, each goldfish should have about 20 US gallons (76 L; 17 imp gal) of water. Smaller fantail goldfish should have about 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) per goldfish. The water surface area determines how much oxygen diffuses and dissolves into
1170-760: A more pointed snout, while the snout of C. carassius is well rounded. C. gibelio often has a grayish/greenish color, while crucian carp are always golden bronze. Juvenile crucian carp have a black spot on the base of the tail, which disappears with age. In C. auratus , this tail spot is never present. C. auratus have fewer than 31 scales along the lateral line, while crucian carp have 33 scales or more. Goldfish can hybridize with some other Carassius species of carp. Koi and common carp may also interbreed with goldfish to produce sterile hybrids. Wild goldfish typically grow to between 4.7 inches (12 cm) and 8.7 inches (22 cm) but can reach 16 inches (41 cm). The size of pet goldfish depends upon its breed. As of April 2008,
1260-760: A more pointed snout, while the snout of C. carassius is well rounded. C. gibelio often has a grayish/greenish color, while crucian carp are always golden bronze. Juvenile crucian carp have a black spot on the base of the tail, which disappears with age. In C. auratus , this tail spot is never present. C. auratus have fewer than 31 scales along the lateral line, while crucian carp have 33 scales or more. Goldfish can hybridize with some other Carassius species of carp. Koi and common carp may also interbreed with goldfish to produce sterile hybrids. Wild goldfish typically grow to between 4.7 inches (12 cm) and 8.7 inches (22 cm) but can reach 16 inches (41 cm). The size of pet goldfish depends upon its breed. As of April 2008,
1350-508: A number of societies based on Japanese methods are now operational and follow the traditional way the ranchū are bred, kept, and judged. True Japanese ranchū enthusiasts keep their ranchū in shallow ponds or vats. Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) are a domesticated variety of the Chinese Crucian carp "Gibelio" ( Carassius auratus gibelio ), a common Chinese carp. Perhaps 700 years ago, egg goldfish were first bred for their lack of
1440-433: A population survey of Oak Grove Lake. As a domestic fish, thus an easily accessible model organism , goldfish have one of the most studied senses of vision in fishes . Goldfish have four kinds of cone cells , which are respectively sensitive to different colors: red, green, blue and ultraviolet . The ability to distinguish between four different primary colors classifies them as tetrachromats . Goldfish have one of
1530-433: A population survey of Oak Grove Lake. As a domestic fish, thus an easily accessible model organism , goldfish have one of the most studied senses of vision in fishes . Goldfish have four kinds of cone cells , which are respectively sensitive to different colors: red, green, blue and ultraviolet . The ability to distinguish between four different primary colors classifies them as tetrachromats . Goldfish have one of
1620-412: A significant temperature change, often in spring. Males chase gravid female goldfish (females carrying eggs), and prompt them to release their eggs by bumping and nudging them. Goldfish, like all cyprinids , are egg-layers. Their eggs are adhesive and attach to aquatic vegetation, typically dense plants such as Cabomba or Elodea or a spawning mop. The eggs hatch within 48 to 72 hours. Within
1710-412: A significant temperature change, often in spring. Males chase gravid female goldfish (females carrying eggs), and prompt them to release their eggs by bumping and nudging them. Goldfish, like all cyprinids , are egg-layers. Their eggs are adhesive and attach to aquatic vegetation, typically dense plants such as Cabomba or Elodea or a spawning mop. The eggs hatch within 48 to 72 hours. Within
1800-520: A tank for several weeks, sometimes months, it becomes possible to feed a goldfish by hand without it shying away. Goldfish have a memory-span of at least three months and can distinguish between different shapes, colors, and sounds. By using positive reinforcement , goldfish can be trained to recognize and to react to light signals of different colors or to perform tricks. Fish respond to certain colors most evidently in relation to feeding. Fish learn to anticipate feedings provided they occur at around
1890-520: A tank for several weeks, sometimes months, it becomes possible to feed a goldfish by hand without it shying away. Goldfish have a memory-span of at least three months and can distinguish between different shapes, colors, and sounds. By using positive reinforcement , goldfish can be trained to recognize and to react to light signals of different colors or to perform tricks. Fish respond to certain colors most evidently in relation to feeding. Fish learn to anticipate feedings provided they occur at around
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#17328869479781980-545: A tendency to produce red, orange , or yellow color mutations ; this was first recorded in Imperial China , during the Jin dynasty (266–420) . During the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), it was popular to raise carp in ornamental ponds and water gardens . A natural genetic mutation produced gold (actually yellowish orange) rather than silver coloration. People began to selectively breed
2070-398: A tendency to produce red, orange , or yellow color mutations ; this was first recorded in Imperial China , during the Jin dynasty (266–420) . During the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), it was popular to raise carp in ornamental ponds and water gardens . A natural genetic mutation produced gold (actually yellowish orange) rather than silver coloration. People began to selectively breed
2160-402: A tendency to roll to the side while moving or at rest, as well as a lack of directional stability. Ranchu goldfish are also susceptible to dropsy, bladder issues and too large wen growth that can cover gills and eyes due to selective breeding and inbreeding. Goldfish The goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes . It
2250-448: A traditional game called goldfish scooping is played, in which a player scoops goldfish from a basin with a special scooper. Sometimes bouncy balls are substituted for goldfish. Although edible and closely related to some fairly widely eaten species, goldfish are rarely eaten. A fad among American college students for many years was swallowing goldfish as a stunt and as a fraternity initiation process. The first recorded instance
2340-448: A traditional game called goldfish scooping is played, in which a player scoops goldfish from a basin with a special scooper. Sometimes bouncy balls are substituted for goldfish. Although edible and closely related to some fairly widely eaten species, goldfish are rarely eaten. A fad among American college students for many years was swallowing goldfish as a stunt and as a fraternity initiation process. The first recorded instance
2430-563: A week or so, the fry begins to assume its final shape, although a year may pass before they develop a mature goldfish color; until then they are a metallic brown like their wild ancestors. In their first weeks of life, the fry grow quickly—an adaptation born of the high risk of getting devoured by the adult goldfish (or other fish and insects) in their environment. Some highly selectively bred goldfish can no longer breed naturally due to their altered shape. The artificial breeding method called "hand stripping" can assist in breeding, but can harm
2520-563: A week or so, the fry begins to assume its final shape, although a year may pass before they develop a mature goldfish color; until then they are a metallic brown like their wild ancestors. In their first weeks of life, the fry grow quickly—an adaptation born of the high risk of getting devoured by the adult goldfish (or other fish and insects) in their environment. Some highly selectively bred goldfish can no longer breed naturally due to their altered shape. The artificial breeding method called "hand stripping" can assist in breeding, but can harm
2610-952: Is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums , and is one of the most popular aquarium fish . Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America and Australia. Native to China , the goldfish is a relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp ). It was first selectively bred for color in imperial China more than 1,000 years ago, where several distinct breeds were developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration, and coloration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known). Various species of carp (collectively known as Asian carp ) have been bred and reared as food fish for thousands of years in East Asia . Some of these normally gray or silver species have
2700-427: Is often due to poor care. The lifespan of goldfish in captivity can extend beyond 10 years. If left in the dark for a period of time, goldfish gradually change color until they are almost gray. Goldfish produce pigment in response to light, similarly to how human skin becomes tanned in the sun. Fish have cells called chromatophores that produce pigments that reflect light and give the fish coloration. The color of
2790-427: Is often due to poor care. The lifespan of goldfish in captivity can extend beyond 10 years. If left in the dark for a period of time, goldfish gradually change color until they are almost gray. Goldfish produce pigment in response to light, similarly to how human skin becomes tanned in the sun. Fish have cells called chromatophores that produce pigments that reflect light and give the fish coloration. The color of
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2880-484: Is turned off at night, can kill them, especially if the tank is small. Care must also be taken when adding water, as the new water may be of a different temperature. Temperatures under about 10 °C (50 °F) are dangerous to fancy varieties, though commons and comets can survive slightly lower temperatures. Extremely high temperatures (over 30 °C (86 °F)) can also harm goldfish. However, higher temperatures may help fight protozoan infestations by accelerating
2970-484: Is turned off at night, can kill them, especially if the tank is small. Care must also be taken when adding water, as the new water may be of a different temperature. Temperatures under about 10 °C (50 °F) are dangerous to fancy varieties, though commons and comets can survive slightly lower temperatures. Extremely high temperatures (over 30 °C (86 °F)) can also harm goldfish. However, higher temperatures may help fight protozoan infestations by accelerating
3060-586: The United States . There has been considerable debate about the taxonomy of the goldfish. Previously, the goldfish was believed to be either a subspecies of the crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ), or of the Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio ). However, modern genetic sequencing has suggested otherwise, and that modern goldfish are domesticated varieties of C. auratus that are native to Southern China. C. auratus are differentiated from other Carassius species by several characteristics. C. auratus have
3150-531: The United States . There has been considerable debate about the taxonomy of the goldfish. Previously, the goldfish was believed to be either a subspecies of the crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ), or of the Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio ). However, modern genetic sequencing has suggested otherwise, and that modern goldfish are domesticated varieties of C. auratus that are native to Southern China. C. auratus are differentiated from other Carassius species by several characteristics. C. auratus have
3240-510: The guppy and mosquitofish , goldfish (and other carp) are frequently added to stagnant bodies of water in an attempt to reduce mosquito populations, which spread the vectors of diseases such as West Nile virus , malaria , and dengue . However, introducing goldfish has often had negative consequences for local ecosystems , and their efficacy as pest control has never been compared to those of native fishes. The market for live goldfish and other crucian carp usually imported from China
3330-510: The guppy and mosquitofish , goldfish (and other carp) are frequently added to stagnant bodies of water in an attempt to reduce mosquito populations, which spread the vectors of diseases such as West Nile virus , malaria , and dengue . However, introducing goldfish has often had negative consequences for local ecosystems , and their efficacy as pest control has never been compared to those of native fishes. The market for live goldfish and other crucian carp usually imported from China
3420-594: The parasite 's life cycle—thus eliminating it more quickly. The optimum temperature for goldfish is between 20 and 22 °C (68 and 72 °F). Like all fish, goldfish do not like to be petted. In fact, touching a goldfish can endanger its health, because it can cause the protective slime coat to be damaged or removed, exposing the fish's skin to infection from bacteria or water-borne parasites. However, goldfish respond to people by surfacing at feeding time, and can be trained or acclimated to taking pellets or flakes from human fingers. The reputation of goldfish dying quickly
3510-594: The parasite 's life cycle—thus eliminating it more quickly. The optimum temperature for goldfish is between 20 and 22 °C (68 and 72 °F). Like all fish, goldfish do not like to be petted. In fact, touching a goldfish can endanger its health, because it can cause the protective slime coat to be damaged or removed, exposing the fish's skin to infection from bacteria or water-borne parasites. However, goldfish respond to people by surfacing at feeding time, and can be trained or acclimated to taking pellets or flakes from human fingers. The reputation of goldfish dying quickly
3600-633: The ranchū its name (in Chinese, "luan chong" means "egg shape worm"). A ranchū' s back (seen from the side) is comparable to a traditional Japanese comb , which comes in two shapes. The negate or long style is long with rounded corners and is similar to the koban coin . The mature or the round style is shorter and is similar to a round coin viewed from the side, but still not as round as any circular coin. Both comb shapes are acceptable in ranchū exhibitions and competitions. Most goldfish shows and competitions judge ranchū in an aquarium setting. Judges view
3690-516: The "wild" original. However, some variations are hardier, such as the Shubunkin. Currently, there are about 300 breeds recognized in China. The vast majority of goldfish breeds today originated from China. Some of the main varieties are: Chinese tradition classifies goldfish into four main types. These classifications are not commonly used in the West. Like most species in the carp family, goldfish produce
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3780-417: The "wild" original. However, some variations are hardier, such as the Shubunkin. Currently, there are about 300 breeds recognized in China. The vast majority of goldfish breeds today originated from China. Some of the main varieties are: Chinese tradition classifies goldfish into four main types. These classifications are not commonly used in the West. Like most species in the carp family, goldfish produce
3870-451: The 1620s, goldfish were highly regarded in southern Europe because of their metallic scales, and symbolized good luck and fortune. It became a tradition for married men to give their wives a goldfish on their first anniversary, as a symbol for the prosperous years to come. This tradition quickly died, as goldfish became more available, losing their status. Goldfish were first introduced to North America around 1850 and quickly became popular in
3960-451: The 1620s, goldfish were highly regarded in southern Europe because of their metallic scales, and symbolized good luck and fortune. It became a tradition for married men to give their wives a goldfish on their first anniversary, as a symbol for the prosperous years to come. This tradition quickly died, as goldfish became more available, losing their status. Goldfish were first introduced to North America around 1850 and quickly became popular in
4050-400: The caudal peduncle at a 45-degree angle, giving the fish a unique swimming motion. The tail lobes are rounded, and all other fins are paired. Compared to lionheads , ranchū have a particularly down-turned tail and tail fin. Ranchū have arched backs and much shorter tails, which are tucked in at a 45-degree angle. Ranchū' s most prominent feature are their heads. Sufficient space between
4140-431: The depth should be at least 80 centimeters (31 in) to preclude freezing. During winter, goldfish become sluggish, stop eating and often stay on the bottom of the pond. This is normal; they become active again in the spring. Unless the pond is large enough to maintain its own ecosystem without interference from humans, a filter is important to clear waste and keep the pond clean. Plants are essential as they act as part of
4230-431: The depth should be at least 80 centimeters (31 in) to preclude freezing. During winter, goldfish become sluggish, stop eating and often stay on the bottom of the pond. This is normal; they become active again in the spring. Unless the pond is large enough to maintain its own ecosystem without interference from humans, a filter is important to clear waste and keep the pond clean. Plants are essential as they act as part of
4320-551: The diet of goldfish consists of crustaceans , insects , and various plant matter. Like most fish, they are opportunistic feeders and do not stop eating on their own accord. Overfeeding can be deleterious to their health, typically by blocking the intestines . This happens most often with selectively bred goldfish, which have a convoluted intestinal tract. When excess food is available, they produce more waste and feces , partly due to incomplete protein digestion. Overfeeding can sometimes be diagnosed by observing feces trailing from
4410-551: The diet of goldfish consists of crustaceans , insects , and various plant matter. Like most fish, they are opportunistic feeders and do not stop eating on their own accord. Overfeeding can be deleterious to their health, typically by blocking the intestines . This happens most often with selectively bred goldfish, which have a convoluted intestinal tract. When excess food is available, they produce more waste and feces , partly due to incomplete protein digestion. Overfeeding can sometimes be diagnosed by observing feces trailing from
4500-903: The eyes, and also from the eyes to the front of the head must be preserved. The gill cover should extend towards the tail. The head growth should seem to begin from the bottom of the gill cover and move upward. The head growths (wen) of ranchū fry may take at least a year to develop. Fry possessing broad foreheads and square noses generally produce better wens. Mature ranchū can reach between 6 and 8 inches (15 to 20 centimeters) in length. They may come in orange, red, white, grey and brown, as well as combinations of these colors. Scalation may either be metallic, nacreous (calico) or matte. Ranchū with pale-yellow bodies and bright red heads are rare. They are well-adapted to fluctuations in pH levels and water quality. Japanese, Thai , American , and British ranchu breeders, as well as many goldfish societies, adhere to two strict viewing classifications, namely
4590-407: The filtration system, as well as a food source for the fish. Plants are further beneficial since they raise oxygen levels in the water. Like their wild ancestors, common and comet goldfish as well as shubunkin can survive, and even thrive, in any climate that can support a pond. In general, when released into the wild, goldfish quickly take over the waterways as an invasive species . In the wild,
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#17328869479784680-407: The filtration system, as well as a food source for the fish. Plants are further beneficial since they raise oxygen levels in the water. Like their wild ancestors, common and comet goldfish as well as shubunkin can survive, and even thrive, in any climate that can support a pond. In general, when released into the wild, goldfish quickly take over the waterways as an invasive species . In the wild,
4770-463: The fish from the side and the top, taking note of its comportment and conformation to physical standards, motion, and movements. The attachment of the tail to the caudal peduncle is also evaluated. True Japanese ranchū are judged from above in shallow bowls but not glass tanks. Although the overall shape of the ranchū is taken into account it is the top view that is the most important. Western goldfish societies tend to use glass tanks for judging, but
4860-457: The fish if not done correctly. In captivity, adults may also eat young that they encounter. Goldfish are able to survive short periods of entirely anoxic conditions . Survival is shorter under higher temperatures, suggesting that this is a cold weather adaptation . Researchers speculate that this is specifically an adaptation to survival in frozen water bodies over winter. Energy is obtained from liver glycogen . This process depends upon
4950-457: The fish if not done correctly. In captivity, adults may also eat young that they encounter. Goldfish are able to survive short periods of entirely anoxic conditions . Survival is shorter under higher temperatures, suggesting that this is a cold weather adaptation . Researchers speculate that this is specifically an adaptation to survival in frozen water bodies over winter. Energy is obtained from liver glycogen . This process depends upon
5040-429: The fish's cloaca . Goldfish-specific food has less protein and more carbohydrate than conventional fish food. Enthusiasts may supplement this diet with shelled peas (with outer skins removed), blanched green leafy vegetables , and bloodworms . Young goldfish benefit from the addition of brine shrimp to their diet. As with all animals, goldfish preferences vary. Like some other well-known aquarium fish, such as
5130-429: The fish's cloaca . Goldfish-specific food has less protein and more carbohydrate than conventional fish food. Enthusiasts may supplement this diet with shelled peas (with outer skins removed), blanched green leafy vegetables , and bloodworms . Young goldfish benefit from the addition of brine shrimp to their diet. As with all animals, goldfish preferences vary. Like some other well-known aquarium fish, such as
5220-555: The food during a feeding before varieties can reach it. This can lead to stunted growth or possible starvation of fancier varieties when they are kept in a pond with their single-tailed brethren. As a result, care should be taken to combine only breeds with similar body type and swim characteristics. Goldfish have strong associative learning abilities, as well as social learning skills. In addition, their visual acuity allows them to distinguish between individual humans . Owners may notice that fish react favorably to them (swimming to
5310-555: The food during a feeding before varieties can reach it. This can lead to stunted growth or possible starvation of fancier varieties when they are kept in a pond with their single-tailed brethren. As a result, care should be taken to combine only breeds with similar body type and swim characteristics. Goldfish have strong associative learning abilities, as well as social learning skills. In addition, their visual acuity allows them to distinguish between individual humans . Owners may notice that fish react favorably to them (swimming to
5400-411: The front of the glass, swimming rapidly around the tank, and going to the surface mouthing for food) while hiding when other people approach the tank. Over time, goldfish learn to associate their owners and other humans with food, often "begging" for food whenever their owners approach. Goldfish that have constant visual contact with humans also stop considering them to be a threat . After being kept in
5490-411: The front of the glass, swimming rapidly around the tank, and going to the surface mouthing for food) while hiding when other people approach the tank. Over time, goldfish learn to associate their owners and other humans with food, often "begging" for food whenever their owners approach. Goldfish that have constant visual contact with humans also stop considering them to be a threat . After being kept in
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#17328869479785580-500: The gold variety instead of the silver variety, keeping them in ponds or other bodies of water. On special occasions at which guests were expected, they would be moved to a much smaller container for display. By the Song dynasty (AD 960–1279), the selective domestic breeding of goldfish was firmly established. In 1162, the empress of the Song dynasty ordered the construction of a pond to collect
5670-407: The gold variety instead of the silver variety, keeping them in ponds or other bodies of water. On special occasions at which guests were expected, they would be moved to a much smaller container for display. By the Song dynasty (AD 960–1279), the selective domestic breeding of goldfish was firmly established. In 1162, the empress of the Song dynasty ordered the construction of a pond to collect
5760-433: The international Iranian diaspora , goldfish is a traditional part of Nowruz celebrations. Goldfish are usually placed on Haft-sin tables as a symbol of progress. Goldfish The goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes . It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums , and is one of the most popular aquarium fish . Goldfish released into
5850-739: The largest goldfish in the world was believed by the BBC to measure 19 inches (48 cm), in the Netherlands . At the time, a goldfish named "Goldie", kept as a pet in a tank in Folkestone , England, was measured as 15 inches (38 cm) and over 2 pounds (0.91 kg), and named as the second largest in the world behind the Netherlands fish. The secretary of the Federation of British Aquatic Societies (FBAS) stated of Goldie's size, "I would think there are probably
5940-482: The largest goldfish in the world was believed by the BBC to measure 19 inches (48 cm), in the Netherlands . At the time, a goldfish named "Goldie", kept as a pet in a tank in Folkestone , England, was measured as 15 inches (38 cm) and over 2 pounds (0.91 kg), and named as the second largest in the world behind the Netherlands fish. The secretary of the Federation of British Aquatic Societies (FBAS) stated of Goldie's size, "I would think there are probably
6030-411: The last require specialized care. Ramshorn snails are helpful by eating any algae that grows in the pond. Without some form of animal population control , goldfish ponds can easily become overstocked. Fish such as orfe consume goldfish eggs. Ponds small and large are fine in warmer areas, though goldfish can "overheat" in small volumes of water in the summer in tropical climates. In frosty climes,
6120-411: The last require specialized care. Ramshorn snails are helpful by eating any algae that grows in the pond. Without some form of animal population control , goldfish ponds can easily become overstocked. Fish such as orfe consume goldfish eggs. Ponds small and large are fine in warmer areas, though goldfish can "overheat" in small volumes of water in the summer in tropical climates. In frosty climes,
6210-421: The length of the fish. These goldfish have no dorsal fin. Breeding standards require that the back should not have any vestiges of the dorsal fin on it. The back should be rounded, not flat like a lionhead. The area of the caudal peduncle should curve sharply downwards to meet the tail. The caudal peduncle itself is broad. A properly formed caudal peduncle avoids swimming motion impairments. The ranchū tail meets
6300-684: The low oxygen and very high ammonia / nitrite levels inherent in such an environment. In comparison to other common aquarium fish, goldfish have high oxygen needs and produce a large amount of waste due to the fact they lack a stomach; therefore they require a substantial volume of well-filtered water to thrive. In addition, all goldfish varieties have the potential to reach 5 inches (130 mm) in total length, with single-tailed breeds often exceeding 1 foot (0.30 m). Single-tailed varieties include common and comet goldfish. In many countries, carnival and fair operators commonly give goldfish away in plastic bags as prizes . In late 2005 Rome banned
6390-684: The low oxygen and very high ammonia / nitrite levels inherent in such an environment. In comparison to other common aquarium fish, goldfish have high oxygen needs and produce a large amount of waste due to the fact they lack a stomach; therefore they require a substantial volume of well-filtered water to thrive. In addition, all goldfish varieties have the potential to reach 5 inches (130 mm) in total length, with single-tailed breeds often exceeding 1 foot (0.30 m). Single-tailed varieties include common and comet goldfish. In many countries, carnival and fair operators commonly give goldfish away in plastic bags as prizes . In late 2005 Rome banned
6480-430: The most studied senses of hearing in fish . They have two otoliths , permitting the detection of sound particle motion, and Weberian ossicles connecting the swim bladder to the otoliths, facilitating the detection of sound pressure . Goldfish can only grow to sexual maturity with enough water and the right nutrition. Most goldfish breed in captivity , particularly in pond settings. Breeding usually happens after
6570-430: The most studied senses of hearing in fish . They have two otoliths , permitting the detection of sound particle motion, and Weberian ossicles connecting the swim bladder to the otoliths, facilitating the detection of sound pressure . Goldfish can only grow to sexual maturity with enough water and the right nutrition. Most goldfish breed in captivity , particularly in pond settings. Breeding usually happens after
6660-462: The only way one could see the fish was from the top. For this reason, generations of people selected goldfish with big bellies, big wens, and dragon eyes genes. Therefore, the top view ranchū is considered better aesthetically in Japan and China . The TVR should have a rectangle shape, a short tail, and big wen on the head. When swimming, their appearance should resemble a worm moving in water, which gives
6750-657: The red and gold variety. By this time, people outside the imperial family were forbidden to keep goldfish of the gold (yellow) variety, yellow being the imperial color . During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), goldfish also began to be raised indoors, which permitted selection for mutations that would not be able to survive in ponds. The first occurrence of -tailed goldfish was recorded in the Ming dynasty. In 1603, goldfish were introduced to Japan . In 1611, goldfish were introduced to Portugal and from there to other parts of Europe . During
6840-564: The red and gold variety. By this time, people outside the imperial family were forbidden to keep goldfish of the gold (yellow) variety, yellow being the imperial color . During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), goldfish also began to be raised indoors, which permitted selection for mutations that would not be able to survive in ponds. The first occurrence of -tailed goldfish was recorded in the Ming dynasty. In 1603, goldfish were introduced to Japan . In 1611, goldfish were introduced to Portugal and from there to other parts of Europe . During
6930-414: The same time every day. As with many other examples of animal , selective breeding of goldfish over centuries has produced several color variations, some of them far removed from the " golden " color of the original fish. There are also different body shapes, and fin and eye configurations. Some extreme versions of the goldfish live only in aquariums —they are much less hardy than varieties closer to
7020-414: The same time every day. As with many other examples of animal , selective breeding of goldfish over centuries has produced several color variations, some of them far removed from the " golden " color of the original fish. There are also different body shapes, and fin and eye configurations. Some extreme versions of the goldfish live only in aquariums —they are much less hardy than varieties closer to
7110-488: The surface, as long as there is enough oxygen remaining in the water and the pond does not freeze solid. Common, London and Bristol shubunkins, jikin, wakin, comet and some hardier fantail goldfish can be kept in a pond year-round in temperate and subtropical climates. Moor, veiltail, oranda and lionhead can be kept safely in outdoor ponds year-round only in more tropical climates and elsewhere only in summer months. Compatible fish include rudd , tench , orfe and koi , but
7200-488: The surface, as long as there is enough oxygen remaining in the water and the pond does not freeze solid. Common, London and Bristol shubunkins, jikin, wakin, comet and some hardier fantail goldfish can be kept in a pond year-round in temperate and subtropical climates. Moor, veiltail, oranda and lionhead can be kept safely in outdoor ponds year-round only in more tropical climates and elsewhere only in summer months. Compatible fish include rudd , tench , orfe and koi , but
7290-645: The top-view ranchū comportment and the side-view selection criteria. Japanese aesthetic standards for ranchū are more exacting. Ranchū are often compared to sumo wrestlers , as the ranchū is a rounded fish with a head-growth (known as a "bramble-head"). However, traditional Japanese culture, aesthetics , and concepts regard these attributes of both ranchū and sumo wrestlers as an imposing and solid figure composed of massive circles and squares, which are abstract representations of balance, proportion, dignity, graceful movement and power. In ancient China, goldfish were kept in large jars made of pottery or porcelain, so
7380-521: The use of goldfish and other animals as carnival prizes. Rome has also banned the use of "goldfish bowls", on animal cruelty grounds, as well as Monza , Italy, in 2004. In the United Kingdom , the government proposed banning this practice as part of its Animal Welfare Bill, though this has since been amended to only prevent goldfish being given as prizes to unaccompanied minors. In Japan , during summer festivals and religious holidays ( ennichi ),
7470-465: The use of goldfish and other animals as carnival prizes. Rome has also banned the use of "goldfish bowls", on animal cruelty grounds, as well as Monza , Italy, in 2004. In the United Kingdom , the government proposed banning this practice as part of its Animal Welfare Bill, though this has since been amended to only prevent goldfish being given as prizes to unaccompanied minors. In Japan , during summer festivals and religious holidays ( ennichi ),
7560-406: The water. A general rule is have 1 square foot (0.093 m ). Active aeration by way of a water pump , filter or fountain effectively increases the surface area agitation. The goldfish is classified as a coldwater fish , and can live in unheated aquaria at a temperature comfortable for humans. However, rapid changes in temperature, for example in an office building in winter when the heat
7650-406: The water. A general rule is have 1 square foot (0.093 m ). Active aeration by way of a water pump , filter or fountain effectively increases the surface area agitation. The goldfish is classified as a coldwater fish , and can live in unheated aquaria at a temperature comfortable for humans. However, rapid changes in temperature, for example in an office building in winter when the heat
7740-731: The wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America and Australia. Native to China , the goldfish is a relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp ). It was first selectively bred for color in imperial China more than 1,000 years ago, where several distinct breeds were developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration, and coloration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known). Various species of carp (collectively known as Asian carp ) have been bred and reared as food fish for thousands of years in East Asia . Some of these normally gray or silver species have
7830-591: Was $ 1.2 million in 2018. Some high quality varieties cost between $ 125 and $ 300. Fishbowls are detrimental to the health of goldfish and are prohibited by animal welfare legislation in several municipalities. The practice of using bowls as permanent fish housing originated from a misunderstanding of Chinese "display" vessels: goldfish which were normally housed in ponds were, on occasion, temporarily displayed in smaller containers to be better admired by guests. Goldfish kept in bowls or "mini-aquariums" suffer from death, disease, and stunting , due primarily to
7920-591: Was $ 1.2 million in 2018. Some high quality varieties cost between $ 125 and $ 300. Fishbowls are detrimental to the health of goldfish and are prohibited by animal welfare legislation in several municipalities. The practice of using bowls as permanent fish housing originated from a misunderstanding of Chinese "display" vessels: goldfish which were normally housed in ponds were, on occasion, temporarily displayed in smaller containers to be better admired by guests. Goldfish kept in bowls or "mini-aquariums" suffer from death, disease, and stunting , due primarily to
8010-448: Was in 1939 at Harvard University . The practice gradually fell out of popularity over the course of several decades and is rarely practiced today. Some animal advocates have called for boycotts of goldfish purchases, citing industrial farming and low survival rates of the fish. In Chinese history, goldfish was seen "as a symbol of luck and fortune". Moreover, only members of the Song dynasty could own goldfish. In Iran and among
8100-448: Was in 1939 at Harvard University . The practice gradually fell out of popularity over the course of several decades and is rarely practiced today. Some animal advocates have called for boycotts of goldfish purchases, citing industrial farming and low survival rates of the fish. In Chinese history, goldfish was seen "as a symbol of luck and fortune". Moreover, only members of the Song dynasty could own goldfish. In Iran and among
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