67-511: Rancho De La Luna is a recording studio in Joshua Tree, California that was founded in 1993 by Fred Drake and David Catching . After Drake's death in 2002, the studio was operated by David Catching and Drake's collaborators Tony Mason , Ted Quinn , Dean Chamberlain , Billy Bizeau and Fred Burke until 2004. It has since doubled as Catching's home, where he serves as engineer, producer, joins as guest musician and cooks for bands. The studio
134-486: A box canyon at Cow Camp . Throughout the region, ranchers dug wells and built rainwater catchments called "tanks", such as White Tank and Barker Dam . In 1900, C. O. Barker, a miner and cattleman, built the original Barker Dam, later improved by William "Bill" Keys, a rancher. Grazing continued in the park through 1945. Barker Dam was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1975. Between
201-543: A hot desert climate ( BWh ). According to the United States Department of Agriculture , the plant hardiness zone at the Cottonwood Visitor Center at 3081 ft (939 m) elevation is 8b, with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of 19.8 °F (−6.8 °C). Joshua Tree is becoming hotter and drier due to climate change. From 1895 to 2016 the annual precipitation has dropped by 39% and
268-477: A 10-stamp steam-powered mill. Ryan pumped water from his ranch to the mill and cut timber from the nearby hills to heat water to make steam. Most of the structures associated with the mine fell apart, and for safety reasons the National Park Service plugged the mine, which had collapsed. The Desert Queen Mine on Keys' Desert Queen Ranch was another productive gold mine. In the early 1930s, Keys bought
335-582: A campground. Shorter trails, such as the one-mile hike through Hidden Valley, offer a chance to view the beauty of the park without straying too far into the desert. A section of the California Riding and Hiking Trail meanders for 35 miles (56 km) through the western side of the park. The lookout point at Keys View, towards the south of the park, offers views of the Coachella Valley, the Salton Sea ,
402-515: A gasoline-powered two-stamp mill, the Wall Street Mill , and moved it to his ranch to process ore. The ranch and mill were added to the NRHP in 1975 and the mine in 1976. Some of the mines in the park yielded copper, zinc, and iron. On August 10, 1936, after Minerva Hoyt and others persuaded the state and federal governments to protect the area, President Franklin D. Roosevelt used the power of
469-492: A mic? It looks like a grenade…' You plug it in… find out if it goes off." In 2016, David Catching and Bingo Richey released a signature brand of Mezcal named after the studio. Built, in part, off of the "consumption" of liquor at the studio for sessions. The studio was also the focus of the fifth episode of the Foo Fighters Sonic Highways series Anthony Bourdain filmed an episode of No Reservations at
536-531: A mission in San Diego. By 1823, the year Mexico achieved independence from Spain, a Mexican expedition from Los Angeles, in what was then Alta California , is thought to have explored as far east as the Eagle Mountains in what later became the park. Three years later, Jedediah Smith led a group of American fur trappers and explorers along the nearby Mojave Trail , and others soon followed. Two decades after that,
603-471: A short, easy walk through the desert, and doing several interesting climbs in a single day is possible. The rocks are all composed of quartz monzonite , a very rough type of granite , made even more so as no snow or ice polishes it as in places such as Yosemite. Some routes are permanently closed, while others are closed temporarily to protect sensitive wildlife in certain seasons. Climbing and bouldering routes that are permanently closed include Energy Crisis,
670-461: Is a threatened reptile species that inhabits creosote bush lowlands in the Mojave Desert . The tortoise is well adapted to the arid conditions and rarely drinks water; instead, most of their water is obtained from the plants they consume. Bobcats are a dominant force in the ecosystem. The California tree frog , Pseudacris cadaverina , is found in the rocky, permanent water sources created by
737-488: Is also located in the area. The Joshua Tree National Park is home to a diverse range of wildlife, featuring 57 types of mammals, including elusive bighorn sheep and common coyotes, alongside 46 reptile species, like the increasingly rare desert tortoise. The park is also a key spot on the Pacific Flyway, recording over 250 bird species, making it a hotspot for birdwatching, from common ravens to migrating warblers. Within
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#1732883631683804-668: Is bordered on the south by the Coachella Valley . The Bartlett Mountains are northwest of the community. At the 2010 census Joshua Tree had a population of 7,414. The population density was 200.1 inhabitants per square mile (77.3/km ). The racial makeup of Joshua Tree was 6,176 (83.3%) White (73.9% Non-Hispanic White), 234 (3.2%) African American, 84 (1.1%) Native American, 104 (1.4%) Asian, 18 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 368 (5.0%) from other races, and 430 (5.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,308 persons (17.6%). The census reported that 7,263 people (98.0% of
871-433: Is charged per night for each camping spot. Reservations are accepted at Black Rock Campground, Cottonwood Campground, Indian Cove Campground, and Jumbo Rocks Campground for October through May, while the other campgrounds are first-come, first-served. Backcountry camping, for those who wish to backpack , is permitted with a few regulations. Several hiking trails are within the park, many of which can be accessed from
938-733: Is cited as everything in it being "weird and wonderful but functional", filled with vintage and new idiosyncratic recording gear and a raw desert vibe curated by studio founders Fred Drake and David Catching . It is most well known for being the home of the Desert Sessions . (including sessions with Josh Homme , Alain Johannes , Natasha Shneider , Dean Ween , Twiggy Ramirez , Joey Castillo , Pete Stahl , Mario Lalli , Troy van Leeuwen , Nick Oliveri , Brant Bjork , Chris Goss , Ben Shepherd , Alfredo Hernandez , David Catching , Brian O'Connor , Jesse Hughes ) According to Catching: "There
1005-536: Is named after the Joshua trees ( Yucca brevifolia ) native to the Mojave Desert . Originally declared a national monument in 1936, Joshua Tree was redesignated as a national park in 1994 when the U.S. Congress passed the California Desert Protection Act . Encompassing a total of 795,156 acres (1,242.4 sq mi; 3,217.9 km ) – slightly larger than the state of Rhode Island –
1072-457: Is popular with rock climbers and was originally a winter practice area while Yosemite Valley and other parts of the Sierra Nevada were snowbound, but later became an area of interest in its own right. Its thousands of named climbing routes contain all levels of difficulty. The routes are typically short, the rocks being rarely more than 230 ft (70 m) in height, but access is usually
1139-414: Is something about this studio. Everyone that's been here and recorded here, including me, feels it, so there is something to it. Maybe it's just all the love that's accumulated here from over the years. People do freak out about the drum room: many say it's the best drum sound they have ever gotten—even the engineers." Catching has talked about the special nature of the studio in multiple sources. and due to
1206-450: Is sparsely forested with Joshua trees. Together with the boulder piles and Skull Rock, the trees make the landscape otherworldly. Temperatures are most comfortable in the spring and fall, with an average high/low of 85 and 50 °F (29 and 10 °C), respectively. Winter brings cooler days, around 60 °F (16 °C), and freezing nights. Snows occur occasionally at higher elevations. Summers are hot, over 100 °F (38 °C) during
1273-607: Is still visible, and only the brightest structures around the Galactic Center of the Milky Way can be distinguished; zodiacal light is visible halfway to the zenith . Birds, lizards , and ground squirrels are most likely to be seen because they are largely active during the day. However, at night, nocturnal desert animals are active. Mostly nocturnal animals include snakes , bighorn sheep , kangaroo rats , coyotes , bobcats , and black-tailed jackrabbits . The desert tortoise
1340-513: The Colorado Desert encompasses the eastern part of the park and features habitats of creosote bush scrub, ocotillo , desert saltbush , and mixed scrub including yucca and cholla cactus ( Cylindropuntia bigelovii ). Some areas of such cactus are dense enough to appear as natural gardens. The lower Coachella Valley is on the southeastern side of the park with sandy soil grasslands and desert dunes . The only palm native to California,
1407-709: The High Desert of California . The center of the business district in Joshua Tree is on California State Route 62 . Joshua Tree is located in the Mojave Desert . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total land area of 95.9 km (37.0 mi ). Joshua Tree is home to Joshua Tree National Park . Joshua Tree shares its eastern border with Twentynine Palms , its western border with Yucca Valley , and its northwestern border with Landers ; it
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#17328836316831474-830: The Mojaves , used the local resources as they traveled along trails between the Colorado River and the Pacific coast. In the 21st century, small numbers of all four peoples live in the region near the park; the Twentynine Palms Band of Mission Indians , descendants of the Chemehuevi, own a reservation in Twentynine Palms. In 1772, a group of Spaniards led by Pedro Fages made the first European sightings of Joshua trees while pursuing native converts to Christianity who had run away from
1541-624: The Serrano , the Cahuilla , and the Chemehuevi peoples. All three lived at times in small villages in or near water, particularly the Oasis of Mara in what non-aboriginals later called Twentynine Palms . They subsisted largely on plant foods supplemented by small game, amphibians , and reptiles while using other plants for making medicines, bows, arrows, baskets, and other articles of daily life. A fourth group,
1608-570: The United States House of Representatives , Joshua Tree is located in California's 23rd congressional district , which has a Cook PVI of R+10 and is represented by Republican Jay Obernolte . Joshua Tree is represented by San Bernardino County 3rd District Supervisor James Ramos – 2012. The Joshua Tree Visitor Center for Joshua Tree National Park is located at the junction of Highway 62 and Park Boulevard in downtown Joshua Tree and
1675-470: The green darner Anax junius , and the giant desert scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis are arthropods that can grow to be more than 4 inches (10 cm) long. The yucca moth Tegeticula synthetica is responsible for pollinating the Joshua trees after which the park is named. Animals that thrive in Joshua Tree often have special adaptations for dealing with limited water and high summer temperatures. The smaller mammals and all reptiles take refuge from
1742-543: The light pollution typical in urban areas. In 2017, the International Dark-Sky Association designated Joshua Tree a Dark Sky Park . On clear nights around new moon , the sky darkness of Joshua Tree is rated a class 2–4 on the Bortle scale . This ranges from an "average dark sky" (class 2) in the easternmost region of the park to a sky quality typical of a rural/ suburban transition (class 4) in
1809-516: The 1860s and the 1940s, miners worked about 300 pit mines, mostly small, in what later became the park. The most successful, the Lost Horse Mine , produced gold and silver worth about $ 5 million in today's currency. Johnny Lang and others, the original owners of the Lost Horse Mine, installed a two- stamp mill to process ore at the site, and the next owner, J.D. Ryan , replaced it with
1876-536: The 1906 Antiquities Act to establish Joshua Tree National Monument, protecting about 825,000 acres (1,289.1 sq mi; 3,338.7 km ). In 1950, the size of the park was reduced by about 290,000 acres (453.1 sq mi; 1,173.6 km ) to open the land to more mining. The monument was redesignated as a national park on October 31, 1994, by the Desert Protection Act , which also added 234,000 acres (365.6 sq mi; 947.0 km ). In 2019,
1943-499: The CDP was $ 13,856. 21.2% of the population and 18.0% of families were below the poverty line . 31.5% of those under the age of 18 and 5.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. In the California State Legislature , Joshua Tree is in the 16th Senate District , represented by Democrat Melissa Hurtado , and in the 42nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jacqui Irwin . In
2010-534: The California fan palm ( Washingtonia Filifera ), occurs naturally in five oases in the park, rare areas where water occurs naturally year-round, and all forms of wildlife abound. Invasive plants such as cheat grass and red brome contribute to the worsening of wildfires. During wetter periods fills in below and among the pines and oak. In drier times, they die back but do not quickly decompose. This makes wildfires hotter and more destructive, which kills some of
2077-502: The Pinto Fault along the northern edge of the park. The red-spotted toad , Bufo punctatus , is a true denizen of the desert, where it spends most of its life underground. Found from one end of the park to the other, it appears after good, soaking rains. Golden eagles hunt in the park regularly. The roadrunner is an easily recognized resident. The call of Gambel's quail can frequently be heard. The tarantula Aphonopelma iodium ,
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2144-688: The Rancho De La Luna. The studio is also featured heavily in the documentary American Valhalla , which chronicles the creation of the Post Pop Depression record by Iggy Pop and ensuing tour. Joshua Tree, California Joshua Tree is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Bernardino County , California , United States. The population was 7,414 at the 2010 census. At approximately 2,700 feet (820 meters) above sea level, Joshua Tree and its surrounding communities are located in
2211-539: The San Andreas Fault, the Santa Rosa Mountains , and the city of Palm Springs . Nature walks inside the park include: Longer trails include: Due to graffiti on at least 17 sites on trails, officials have closed them to the public. The closed sites include Native American sites, Rattlesnake Canyon, and Barker Dam . They blame the increase in vandalism on the increased use of social media . The park
2278-655: The Schwarzenegger Wall, Zombie Woof Rock, the Maverick Boulder formation, Pictograph Boulder, Shindig, Lonely Stones Area #3, and the Shipwreck formation, Indian Wave Boulders (except for Native Arete), and Wormholes. As of March 14, 2018 , seasonal closures include the Slatanic Area, Towers of Uncertainty, Patagonia Pile, and Jerry's Quarry. The total visitors more than doubled from 2013 to 2019. Awareness of
2345-544: The United States defeated Mexico in the Mexican–American War (1846–48) and took over about half of Mexico's original territory, including California and the future parkland. In 1870, white settlers began grazing cattle on the tall grasses that grew in the park. In 1888, a gang of cattle rustlers moved into the region near the Oasis of Mara. Led by brothers James B. and William S. McHaney, they hid stolen cattle in
2412-469: The annual temperature has increased by 3 °F. Because of the hotter and drier conditions, there are more wildfires in the park. The park's oldest rocks, Pinto Gneiss among them, are 1.7 billion years old. They are exposed in places on the park's surface in the Cottonwood , Pinto , and Eagle Mountains. Much later, from 250 to 75 million years ago, tectonic plate movements forced volcanic material toward
2479-605: The city of Joshua Tree itself, animals like cottontail rabbits, coyotes, roadrunners and quails can be frequently seen. People born in Joshua Tree: People who live/lived in Joshua Tree: People who died in Joshua Tree: Joshua Tree National Park Joshua Tree National Park is a national park of the United States in southeastern California , east of San Bernardino and Los Angeles and north of Palm Springs . It
2546-486: The climate was wetter until the 1930s, with the same hot and dry conditions that provoked the Dust Bowl affecting the local climate. These cycles were nothing new, but the original vegetation did not prosper when wetter cycles returned. The difference may have been human development. Cattle grazing took out some of the natural covers and made it less resistant to the changes. There are fewer Joshua tree seedlings surviving in
2613-547: The day and not cooling much below 75 °F (24 °C) until the early hours of the morning. Joshua trees dominate the open spaces of the park, but in among the rock outcroppings are piñon pine , California juniper ( Juniperus californica ), Quercus turbinella (desert scrub oak), Quercus john-tuckeri (Tucker's oak), Quercus cornelius-mulleri (Muller's oak), Cylindropuntia chuckwallensis (chuckwalla cholla), and Opuntia chlorotica (dollarjoint pricklypear). These communities are under some stress, however, as
2680-439: The heat underground. Desert mammals make more efficient use of their bodies’ water supply than the human body. Reptiles are physiologically adapted to getting along with little water, and birds can fly to water sources when they need to drink. Nevertheless, the springs and seeps in the park are necessary for the survival of many animals. Most reptiles and many small rodents and insects go into an inactive state of hibernation during
2747-633: The higher elevations of the western side of the park. The higher and cooler Mojave Desert is the special habitat of Yucca brevifolia , the Joshua tree for which the park is named. It occurs in patterns from dense forests to distantly spaced specimens. In addition to Joshua tree forests, the western part of the park includes some of the most interesting geologic displays found in California's deserts. The dominant geologic features of this landscape are hills of bare rock, usually broken up into loose boulders. These hills are popular among rock climbing and scrambling enthusiasts. The flatland between these hills
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2814-448: The mouths of canyons, and bajadas , where the alluvial fans overlapped. The rock formations of Joshua Tree National Park owe their shape partly to groundwater , which filtered through the roughly rectangular joints of the monzonite and eroded the corners and edges of blocks of stone, and to flash floods , which washed away covering ground and left piles of rounded boulders. These prominent outcrops are known as inselbergs . Of
2881-456: The national park service which is more than any other similar organization. According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. Potential natural vegetation types, Joshua Tree National Park has two categories, a creosote bush potential vegetation type with a desert shrubland potential vegetation form in most of the area, and a juniper / pinyon pine potential vegetation type with a Great Basin montane forest /southwest forest potential vegetation form on
2948-402: The occupied units 1,872 (60.6%) were owner-occupied and 1,216 (39.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.8%. 4,178 people (56.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,085 people (41.6%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Joshua Tree had a median household income of $ 39,492, with 21.8% of
3015-571: The park expanded by 4,518 acres (7.1 sq mi; 18.3 km ) under a provision included in the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act. The Mojave Desert Land Trust (MDLT) has conserved 10,290 acres (4,160 ha) within the park. These inholdings were private ownership within the national park that they were able to purchase. They also acquire private properties bordering federally protected properties. MDLT has sold 25,801 acres (10,441 ha) of acquired private property to
3082-401: The park includes 429,690 acres (671.4 sq mi; 1,738.9 km ) of designated wilderness . Straddling San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, the park includes parts of two deserts, each an ecosystem whose characteristics are determined primarily by elevation: the higher Mojave Desert and the lower Colorado Desert . The Little San Bernardino Mountains traverse the southwest edge of
3149-596: The park lies along an inland stretch of the Pacific Flyway . Other species descend from their usual habitats in the mountains to escape winter snow. Birdwatching spots include fan palm oases , the Barker Dam, and Smith Water Canyon. Queen Valley and Lost Horse Valley also provide good birdwatching, with a different range of species due to the lack of water, including the ladder-backed woodpecker and oak titmouse . A USGS bird checklist from 2006 contained 239 species in
3216-728: The park's six blocks of mountains, five—the Little San Bernardino , Hexie , Pinto, Cottonwood, and Eagle—are among the Transverse Ranges , which trend generally east–west in locations between the Eagle Mountains on the east and the northern Channel Islands , in the Pacific Ocean west of Santa Barbara , on the west. Tectonic forces along the San Andreas Fault system compressed and lifted the crust material that formed these ranges. The San Andreas Fault itself passes southwest of
3283-568: The park's west entrance is located 5 mi (8.0 km) south. The community of Joshua Tree is unincorporated and is represented by the Joshua Tree Municipal Advisory Counsel (MAC) as the official liaison between the community and the San Bernardino County government. Noah Purifoy Desert Art Museum of Assemblage Art is 10 acres (4.0 ha) of sculptures, assemblages , and installations mostly made from found material by Noah Purifoy . The World Famous Crochet Museum
3350-596: The park, but related parallel faults, including the Dillon, Blue Cut, and Pinto, run through the park, and movements along them have caused earthquakes. The easternmost range in the park, the Coxcomb Mountains, runs generally north–south and is part of the Basin and Range Province . Nine established campgrounds exist in the park, two of which (Black Rock Campground and Cottonwood Campground) provide water and flush toilets. A fee
3417-489: The park. Joshua Tree is a popular observing site in Southern California for amateur astronomy and stargazing, along with nearby Anza-Borrego Desert State Park . The park's elevation and dry desert air, along with the relatively stable atmosphere in the region, often make for excellent seeing conditions. The park is well known for its naturally dark night skies , which are far away from and largely free of
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#17328836316833484-516: The park. The earliest known residents of the land in and around what later became Joshua Tree National Park were the people of the Pinto Culture, who lived and hunted here between 8000 and 4000 BCE. Their stone tools and spear points, discovered in the Pinto Basin in the 1930s, suggest that they hunted game and gathered seasonal plants, but little else is known about them. Later residents included
3551-538: The park. It is forecasted that by 2099, under the high emission scenario, the park will increase in temperature by 8 °F. This would make most of the national park unsuitable for Joshua tree growth. Under the low emission scenario, 80% of suitable Joshua tree habitat could be lost. The desert tortoise population has decreased due to habitat loss and climate change. Lizards in the park are also at risk. Bird species have declined 43% according to studies conducted in 1908–1968 and 2013–2016. Below 3,000 feet (910 m),
3618-405: The pastoral and unique location it is a favorite spot for tech gear spotlights. Many artists have talked about the relaxed and easy nature of the studio, citing the lack of distraction and easy availability of uncommon and interesting instruments as welcoming and unique. Alain Johannes explains: "Everything is the opposite of a, quote-unquote, professional studio: 'What is this – are you sure it's
3685-487: The population living below the federal poverty line . At the 2000 census there were 4,207 people, 1,765 households, and 1,057 families in the CDP. The population density was 265.4/km (687.5/mi ). There were 2,112 housing units at an average density of 133.2/km (345.1/mi ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.38% White, 1.76% African American, 1.57% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.62% Pacific Islander, 4.61% from other races, and 3.95% from two or more races. 12.36% of
3752-407: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 1,765 households 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 33.3% of households were one person and 15.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size
3819-619: The population) lived in households, 30 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 121 (1.6%) were institutionalized. There were 3,088 households, 862 (27.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,209 (39.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 431 (14.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, and 162 (5.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 237 (7.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 30 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 1,018 households (33.0%) were one person and 358 (11.6%) had someone living alone who
3886-408: The region's geology. More than 250 bird species inhabit or visit the park, including resident desert birds such as the greater roadrunner , cactus wren , northern mockingbird , LeConte's thrasher , verdin , and Gambel's quail . About 78 species nest and raise their young within the park. Many migrating species spend only a short time feeding and resting at Joshua Tree, mainly in the winter, as
3953-518: The surface at this location and formed granites, including monzogranite common to the Wonderland of Rocks, parts of the Pinto, Eagle, and Coxcomb Mountains, and elsewhere. Erosion eventually exposed the harder rocks, gneiss, and granite, in the uplands and reduced the softer rocks to debris that filled the canyons and basins between the ranges. The debris, moved by gravity and water, formed alluvial fans at
4020-456: The trees that would have otherwise survived. When the area regenerates, these non-native grasses form a thick layer of turf that makes getting a roothold harder for the pine and oak seedlings. Fountain grass was introduced to the park in the 1990s. This grass competes with native grasses for water and nutrients. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Joshua Tree National Park has
4087-437: The use of a camp stove (since open campfires are prohibited) and employing Leave No Trace camping techniques (also known as "pack it in, pack it out"). Although bicycles are not allowed in wilderness areas, horses are, but a permit must be obtained in advance for travel in the backcountry. Cellular signals are weak to non-existent and should not be depended on while visiting the park. On April 1, 2015, graffiti artist André
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#17328836316834154-526: The western regions near Palm Springs . In the easternmost regions of the park, visitors with optimal vision can expect to see the Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies with unaided eyes. The central Milky Way appears highly structured to the naked eye from this site, and zodiacal light appears as a faint yellowish glow when visible. In the western regions of the park, the Andromeda Galaxy
4221-485: The wildflower bloom in the spring has brought increased visitation. The paved main road allows visitors to drive to major attractions and through the park. The unpaved roads may require a vehicle with high ground clearance , and four-wheel drive . An example is the Geology Tour Road in the center of the park. Visitors with a four-wheel-drive vehicle can use this road for a self-guided tour with stops that describe
4288-584: The winter. However, winter is the time of greatest bird concentrations in the park, because of the presence of many migrant species. Of the park's total land area of 790,636 acres (1,235.4 sq mi; 3,199.6 km ), 429,690 acres (671.4 sq mi; 1,738.9 km ) are designated wilderness and managed by the National Park Service (NPS) in accordance with the Wilderness Act . The NPS requires registration for overnight camping at specific locations called registration boards. Other requirements include
4355-463: Was 2.98. The age distribution was 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% 65 or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males. The median household income was $ 26,535 and the median family income was $ 33,333. Males had a median income of $ 27,465 versus $ 29,375 for females. The per capita income for
4422-584: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.35. There were 1,802 families (58.4% of households); the average family size was 2.97. The age distribution was 1,626 people (21.9%) under the age of 18, 813 people (11.0%) aged 18 to 24, 1,756 people (23.7%) aged 25 to 44, 2,056 people (27.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,163 people (15.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 38.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males. There were 3,808 housing units at an average density of 102.8 per square mile, of
4489-612: Was convicted and fined for vandalizing a boulder in the park. André posted photos of his vandalism on social media. Casey Schreiner , of the hiking blog site Modern Hiker, and some of his readers aided the National Park Service in tracking down and identifying André's vandalism. Before the conviction, André had attempted to silence the reporting with legal threats. During the 2018–2019 federal government shutdown , reports of vandalism spiked as visitors allegedly chopped down Joshua trees, set illegal fires, drove off-road, and spray-painted rocks. Only eight park rangers were on duty during
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