Misplaced Pages

#889110

89-440: The word ranchera was derived from the word rancho because the songs originated on the ranches and in the countryside of rural Mexico. Traditional themes in rancheras are about love , heartbreak , patriotism or nature . Rhythms can have a meter in 4 (in slow tempo: ranchera lenta and faster tempo: ranchera marcha ), 4 ( ranchera vals ), or 4 ( bolero ranchero ). Songs are usually in

178-399: A thought-terminating cliché . Several common proverbs regard love, from Virgil 's " Love conquers all " to The Beatles ' " All You Need Is Love ". St. Thomas Aquinas , following Aristotle , defines love as "to will the good of another." Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value," as opposed to relative value . Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz said that love

267-903: A triangular theory of love in which love has three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is when two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives, and is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three components. Non-love does not include any of these components. Liking only includes intimacy. Infatuated love only includes passion. Empty love only includes commitment. Romantic love includes both intimacy and passion. Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment. Fatuous love includes passion and commitment. Consummate love includes all three components. American psychologist Zick Rubin sought to define love by psychometrics in

356-428: A conscious choice that in its early stages might originate as an involuntary feeling, but which then later no longer depends on those feelings, but rather depends only on conscious commitment. Evolutionary psychology has attempted to provide various reasons for love as a survival tool. Humans are dependent on parental help for a large portion of their lifespans compared to other mammals. Love has therefore been seen as

445-475: A deeper understanding of love within Jewish thought and life. It goes beyond mere passion, embodying a character trait that is actively expressed through generosity and grace. Hesed has a dual nature: when attributed to God, it denotes grace or favor, while when practiced by humans, it reflects piety and devotion. Hasidim , demonstrate their commitment and love for God through acts of hesed . The Torah serves as

534-446: A few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems , it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves (e.g., with an orthogonal immune system), perhaps because this will lead to a baby that has the best of both worlds. In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed, described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities. Some Western authorities disaggregate into two main components,

623-421: A general liking for arts, sports, and objects, while also encompassing a human instinct. Priti is built on foundations of trust and fidelity. Friendly relations ( priti ) may persist between individuals but are not necessarily bound by affection ( sneha ). Vatsalya originally signifies the tender affection exhibited by a cow towards her calf, extending to denote the love nurtured by elders or superiors towards

712-552: A guide, outlining how Israelites should express their love for God, show reverence for nature, and demonstrate compassion toward fellow human beings. The commandment "Love thy neighbor as thyself" from the Torah's, gives emphasis on ethical obligations and impartiality in judgment. It highlights the importance of treating all individuals equally before the law, rejecting favoritism and bribery; deuteronomy further emphasizes impartiality in judgment. As for love between marital partners, this

801-431: A half to three years. Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding that promotes relationships lasting for many years and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been linked to higher levels of

890-536: A harmful mutation , but in the progeny produced by sexual reproduction, expression of a harmful mutation introduced by one parent is likely to be masked by expression of the unaffected homologous gene from the other parent. Biological models of love tend to see it as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst. Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. Love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin ), neurotrophins (such as NGF ), and pheromones , and how people think and behave in love

979-1205: A major facilitator of interpersonal relationships , and owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts . Love has been postulated to be a function that keeps human beings together against menaces and to facilitate the continuation of the species . Ancient Greek philosophers identified six forms of love : familial love ( storge ), friendly love or platonic love ( philia ), romantic love ( eros ), self-love ( philautia ), guest love ( xenia ), and divine or unconditional love ( agape ). Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of love: fatuous love , unrequited love , empty love , companionate love , consummate love , infatuated love ( limerence ), amour de soi , and courtly love . Numerous cultures have also distinguished Ren , Yuanfen , Mamihlapinatapai , Cafuné , Kama , Bhakti , Mettā , Ishq , Chesed , Amore , charity , Saudade (and other variants or symbioses of these states ), as culturally unique words, definitions, or expressions of love in regard to specified "moments" currently lacking in

SECTION 10

#1733092651890

1068-533: A major key, and consist of an instrumental introduction, verse and refrain, instrumental section repeating the verse, and another verse and refrain, with a tag ending. Rancheras are also noted for the grito mexicano , a yell that is done at musical interludes within a song, either by the musicians and/or the listening audience. The normal musical pattern of rancheras is a–b–a–b. Rancheras usually begin with an instrumental introduction (a). The first lyrical portion then begins (b), with instrumental adornments interrupting

1157-475: A mechanism to promote parental support of children for this extended time period. Furthermore, researchers as early as Charles Darwin identified unique features of human love compared to other mammals and credited love as a major factor for creating social support systems that enabled the development and expansion of the human species. Another factor may be that sexually transmitted diseases can cause, among other effects, permanently reduced fertility , injury to

1246-480: A mother and her child. Of course, if all beings treated all other living beings as they would their own child, then there would be much less enmity in this world. The importance of this cannot be overstated. At every moment one has the opportunity to make a choice how to act, and to be completely mindful of one's actions means that in every interaction with another being one will consciously act with loving-kindness and compassion toward every other being, no matter what

1335-441: A person may consider that they have a duty to stay with someone); unconditional love is an act of the feelings irrespective of will. Unconditional love separates the individual from their behavior. However, the individual may exhibit behaviors that are unacceptable in a particular situation. Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers spoke of an unconditional positive regard and dedication towards one single support. Rogers stated that

1424-551: A person or thing (cf. vulnerability and care theory of love ), including oneself (cf. narcissism ). In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages , although the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry. The complex and abstract nature of love often reduces its discourse to

1513-448: A positive perspective of themselves. In Man's Search for Meaning , logotherapist and Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl draws parallels between the human capacity to love unconditionally and living a meaningful life. Frankl writes: "Love is the only way to grasp another human being in the innermost core of his personality. No one can become fully aware of the essence of another human being unless he loves him. ... Furthermore, by his love,

1602-566: A range of emotional states, including distrust, rejection, and anger, leading to trauma and various psychological challenges such as anxiety, social withdrawal, and even love addiction. Individuals may become fixated on past relationships, perpetuating emotional distress akin to addiction. Health benefits grow bigger when married couples are older, this is because the partners play a crucial role in promoting each other's well-being. A loving relationship with God has significant impact on health. Greek distinguishes several different senses in which

1691-414: A range of strong and positive emotional and mental states , from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection , to the simplest pleasure. An example of this range of meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a spouse , which differs from the love of food . Most commonly, love refers to a feeling of strong attraction and emotional attachment . Love

1780-413: A reflection of God's beauty and love. This perspective is evident in the poetry of Hafez and others, where the concept of tajalli , or divine self-manifestation, underscores the profound spiritual significance of love as it pertains to both human relationships and devotion to God. In Hebrew , אהבה ( ahavah ) signifies the love of Israelites for God and each other. However, the concept hesed offers

1869-667: A strong liking of something, such as "I love popcorn" or that something is essential to one's identity, such as "I love being an actor". People can have a profound dedication and immense appreciation for an object, principle, or objective, thereby experiencing a sense of love towards it. For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism , and strong spiritual or political convictions. People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion

SECTION 20

#1733092651890

1958-423: A universal definition. Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what is not love (antonyms of "love"). Love, as a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like ), is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy ). As a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love

2047-433: Is preska , characterized by the desire to see something pleasant. Next is abhilasa, involving constant thoughts about the beloved. Then comes raga, signifying the mental inclination to be united with the beloved. Following that is shena , which involves favorable activities directed towards the beloved. Prema is the stage where one cannot live without the beloved. Then there is rati , which involves living together with

2136-437: Is "to be delighted by the happiness of another." Meher Baba stated that in love there is a "feeling of unity" and an "active appreciation of the intrinsic worth of the object of love." Biologist Jeremy Griffith defines love as "unconditional selflessness". According to Ambrose Bierce , love is a temporary insanity curable by marriage. People can express love towards things other than humans; this can range from expressing

2225-549: Is Ishq and not the path of asceticism ( zuhd ). According to Sultan Bahoo , Ishq means to serve God unconditionally by devoting one's entire life to Him and asking no reward in return. Neopaganism in general, and Wicca in particular, commonly use a traditional inspirational text Charge of the Goddess , which affirms that the Goddess 's "law is love unto all beings". Mohism , China around 500 BCE, bases its entire premise on

2314-412: Is a way for the lover to diminish the autonomy and relatedness necessary in creating or developing intrinsic motivation. Unconditional love, on the other hand, is able to encourage the autonomy and relatedness that leads to personal growth. Unconditional love should not be confused with unconditional dedication: unconditional dedication or "duty" refers to an act of the will irrespective of feelings (e.g.

2403-549: Is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia . Interpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a much more potent sentiment than liking a person. Unrequited love refers to feelings of love that are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships . Such love might exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are several psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania . Throughout history, philosophy and religion have speculated about

2492-412: Is an affliction distorting reality, a primal urge rooted in the biological need for species to propagate. He emphasizes love's futility and self-destructive nature. In contrast, Ovid acknowledges the pleasure of love alongside its risks and complexities. He views love as a game of manipulation and deception, marked by a blend of hedonism and cynicism . Ovid recognizes the transient nature of passion and

2581-473: Is commonly associated with unconditional love, a study found patterns in the neuroendocrine system and motivation-affective neural system. Using the fMRI procedure, mothers watched a video of themselves playing with their children in a familiar environment, like home. The procedure found part of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens were responsive on levels of emotion and empathy. Emotion and empathy ( compassion ) are descriptives of love , therefore it supports

2670-481: Is commonly contrasted with lust . As an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes contrasted with friendship , although the word love is often applied to close friendships or platonic love. Further possible ambiguities come with usages like "girlfriend", "boyfriend", and "just good friends". Abstractly discussed, love usually refers to a feeling one person experiences for another person. Love often involves caring for, or identifying with,

2759-492: Is considered a romantically phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading it reads like a love song. The 20th-century rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point of view as "giving without expecting to take". The Christian understanding is that love comes from God , who is himself love ( 1 John 4:8 ). The love of man and woman— eros in Greek—and

Ranchera - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-449: Is considered to be both positive and negative, with its virtue representing human kindness , compassion , and affection —"the unselfish, loyal, and benevolent concern for the good of another"—and its vice representing a human moral flaw akin to vanity , selfishness , amour-propre , and egotism . It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, oneself, or animals. In its various forms, love acts as

2937-412: Is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love" ( Ecclesiastes 9:9 ). Rabbi David Wolpe writes that "love is not only about the feelings of the lover... It is when one person believes in another person and shows it." He further states that "love... is a feeling that expresses itself in action. What we really feel is reflected in what we do." The biblical book Song of Solomon

3026-412: Is fostered along with empathy and understanding for the individual. It is through unconditional positive regard that change happens because the individual can feel that openness, love, and ability to be themselves again which fosters a true desire to change for the right reasons. Also, Abraham Maslow supported the unconditional love perspective by saying that in order to grow, an individual had to have

3115-411: Is influenced by their conceptions of love. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major drives in love: sexual attraction and attachment . Attachment between adults is presumed to work on the same principles that lead an infant to become attached to its mother. The traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Passionate love

3204-484: Is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate); companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal. Love plays a role in human well-being and health. Engaging in activities associated with love, such as nurturing relationships, has been shown to activate key brain regions responsible for emotion, attention, motivation, and memory. These activities also contribute to

3293-423: Is no way to earn one's way to heaven—one must simply believe. In Christianity, it all depends on Jesus, not the person's effort nor understanding. A passage in scriptures cites this "For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—" Ephesians 2:8,9, NIV. God's discipline can be viewed as conditional based on people's choices, but His actual love through Jesus

3382-403: Is not merely a feeling but is also actions, and that in fact the "feeling" of love is superficial in comparison to one's commitment to love via a series of loving actions over time. Fromm held that love is ultimately not a feeling at all, but rather is a commitment to, and adherence to, loving actions towards another, oneself, or many others, over a sustained duration. Fromm also described love as

3471-457: Is related to the love of God. "Yet there are men who take (for worship) others besides God, as equal (with God): They love them as they should love God. But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for God." O lovers! The religion of the love of God is not found in Islam alone. In the realm of love, there is neither belief, nor unbelief. In Islamic Sufism , unconditional love is the basis for

3560-455: Is that type of love which has no bounds and is unchanging. In Christianity , unconditional love is thought to be part of the Four Loves ; affection , friendship , eros and charity . In ethology , or the study of animal behavior, unconditional love would refer to altruism, which in turn refers to the behavior by individuals that increases the biological fitness of another while decreasing

3649-437: Is the feeling of sexual desire ; romantic attraction determines what partners find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by choosing ; and attachment involves sharing a home, parental duties, mutual defense, and in humans involves feelings of safety and security. Three distinct neural circuitries, including neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles. Lust

Ranchera - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-453: Is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating , and involves the increased release of hormones such as testosterone and estrogen . These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to an individual mate form. Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love,

3827-410: Is to develop bodhicitta for all living (sentient) beings. Absolute bodhicitta is a more esoteric tantric teaching. Understanding the principle of loving-kindness and compassion is expressed when one treats all living beings as if one was or had been (in former lives) their own mother. One's mother will do anything for the benefit of her child. The most loving of all relationships may be that between

3916-471: Is unconditional, and this is where some may become confused. His salvation is a free gift, but His discipline, which is shaping of good character, can look more conditional. Ultimately, knowing God and free passage to heaven have already been supplied by a God of unconditional love, one can simply choose to believe in order to receive such love. The civil rights leader and Pastor, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

4005-564: The Harshacharita presents a spontaneous perspective, suggesting it lacks a definitive cause. Due to its emotional nature, sneha is transient, emerging without reason and disappearing likewise. Preman represents a heightened stage in the development of love, characterized by the unbearable feeling of separation from the beloved. Etymologically, it denotes the sense of endearment akin to one's own. Priti , similar to preman , denotes fondness for anything delightful and familiar. It encompasses

4094-488: The 1970s. His work identifies a different set of three factors that constitute love: attachment, caring, and intimacy. Following developments in electrical theories such as Coulomb's law , which showed that positive and negative charges attract, analogs in human life were envisioned, such as "opposites attract". Research on human mating has generally found this not to be true when it comes to character and personality—people tend to like people similar to themselves. However, in

4183-462: The English language. The color wheel theory of love defines three primary, three secondary, and nine tertiary love styles, describing them in terms of the traditional color wheel. The triangular theory of love suggests intimacy, passion, and commitment are core components of love. Love has additional religious or spiritual meaning. This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of

4272-448: The Taoist text, Daodejing , is depicted as open and responsive to each person's unique circumstances. Taoism juxtaposes human beings with the vastness of nature, likening the creation of people to the formation of waves in the ocean. Unlike Confucianism, as portrayed in the Taoist text Zhuangzi , Taoist responses to the loss of a beloved may involve either mourning their death or embracing

4361-455: The adaptive benefit of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction. Richard Michod reviewed evidence that love, and consequently sexual reproduction, provides two major adaptive advantages. First, sexual reproduction facilitates repair of damages in the DNA that is passed from parent to progeny (during meiosis , a key stage of the sexual process). Second, a gene in either parent may contain

4450-474: The affection between friends. Cicero , in his essay On Friendship reflects on the innate human tendency to both love oneself and seek out another with whom to intertwine minds, nearly blending them into a singular entity. This suggests that while friends remain distinct individuals, they also, in some sense, become intertwined, embodying a shared essence. Lucretius perceives love as a disruptive and irrational force, leading to madness and despair. To him, it

4539-446: The altruistic and the narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck , whose work in the field of applied psychology explored the definitions of love and evil. Peck maintains that love is a combination of the "concern for the spiritual growth of another" and simple narcissism. In combination, love is an activity , not simply a feeling. Psychologist Erich Fromm maintained in his book The Art of Loving that love

SECTION 50

#1733092651890

4628-455: The beloved. Finally, srngara represents the playful interaction with the beloved. Kama initially representing desire and longing. Later, Vātsyāyana , the author of the Kama Sutra , explored the concept of kama , defining it as the enjoyment of sensory pleasures with conscious awareness. However, there were also teachings cautioning against becoming overly attached to desire, advocating for

4717-434: The best-known rancheras, with compositions totaling more than 1,000 songs, making him one of the most prolific songwriters in the history of western music. Another closely related style of music is the corrido , which is often played by the same ensembles that regularly play rancheras. The corrido, however, is apt to be an epic story about heroes and villains, or the narrator's lifestyle. Love Love encompasses

4806-432: The brain consistently releases a certain set of chemicals, including the neurotransmitter hormones dopamine , norepinephrine , and serotonin , the same compounds released by amphetamine , stimulating the brain's pleasure center and leading to side effects such as increased heart rate , reduced appetite and sleep , and an intense feeling of excitement . Research indicates that this stage generally lasts from one and

4895-431: The brain imaging of participants who were shown different sets of images either referring to " maternal love " (unconditional love) or " romantic love ". Seven areas of the brain became active when these participants called to mind feelings of unconditional love. Three of these were similar to areas that became active when it came to romantic love. The other four active parts activated during the unconditional love portions of

4984-425: The chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin , to a greater degree than what is found in short-term relationships. Enzo Emanuele and coworkers reported the protein molecule known as the nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but these return to previous levels after one year. Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated

5073-458: The cross pays for their sins so they can freely enter into heaven, and not hell. The term is not explicitly used in the Bible, and advocates for God's conditional or unconditional love, using different passages or interpretations to support their point of view, are both encountered due to the different facets of God's nature. The cross is interpreted as God's unconditional love for humankind, in that there

5162-820: The divine love Ishq-e-Haqeeqi , elaborated by many great Muslim saints to date. Prominent mystics explain the concept in its entirety and describe its hardcore reality. Rabia of Basra was the one who first set forth the doctrine of divine love known as ishq-e-haqeeqi and is widely considered to be the most important of the early renunciants, one mode of piety that would eventually become labeled as Sufism. She prayed: O Lord, if I worship You because of Fear of Hell, then burn me in Hell; If I worship You because I desire Paradise, then exclude me from Paradise; But if I worship You for Yourself alone, then deny me not your Eternal Beauty. Ishq itself means to love God selflessly and unconditionally. For Rumi , "Sufism" itself

5251-408: The divine, highlighting a transcendent experience. The children of Adam are limbs of one body Having been created of one essence. When the calamity of time afflicts one limb The other limbs cannot remain at rest. If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others You are not worthy to be called by the name of "man". In Persian mysticism , the concept of creation stems from love, viewed as

5340-424: The emotional facet of love, stands in contrast to the intense passion of kama with its calm demeanor. Characterized by moisture and viscosity, the term originally denoted oiliness. It is often compounded with words for family members, reflecting attachment to individuals like mothers, fathers, and sons. Those experiencing sneha tend to exhibit great concern for one another. While traditionally attributed to sensing,

5429-401: The experiment were different, showing certain brain regions associated with rewarding aspects, pleasurable (non-sexual) feelings, and human maternal behaviors. Through the associations made between the different regions, results show that the feeling of love for someone without the need of being rewarded is different from the feeling of romantic love. Along with the idea of "mother love", which

SECTION 60

#1733092651890

5518-518: The feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states. The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek concepts for "love" ( agape , eros , philia , storge ). Cultural differences in conceptualizing love makes it difficult to establish

5607-409: The fetus, and increase complications during childbirth . This would favor monogamous relationships over polygamy . Interpersonal love between a man and woman provides an evolutionary adaptive benefit since it facilitates mating and sexual reproduction . However, some organisms can reproduce asexually without mating. Understanding the adaptive benefit of interpersonal love depends on understanding

5696-451: The fitness of the individual committing the act. In psychology, unconditional love refers to a state of mind in which one has the goal of increasing the welfare of another, despite the lack of any evidence of benefit for oneself. Unlike unconditional love which represents a limitless and altruistic form of love, conditional love is based upon conditions or expectations of the lover being met and satisfied. Conditional love, in some ways,

5785-614: The fundamental essence from which all beings originate and to which they ultimately return. This notion, influenced by neoplatonism , portrays love as both earthly and transcendent, embodying a universal striving for reunion with the divine. Scholars such as Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob trace this philosophical stance, highlighting its fusion with ancient Persian religious beliefs in figures like Ibn Arabi . According to Islamicists like William Chittick and Leonard Lewisohn , all forms of love find their origin in divine love, with creation serving as

5874-504: The gap between the human and the divine. Ren's significance lies in its ability to foster genuine human connection and empathy, laying the foundation for harmonious relationships within society. Mozi, a Chinese philosopher, articulated a philosophy centered on the principle of universal love. At the core of his teachings lay the belief that genuine harmony and societal well-being could only be achieved through love for others, transcending narrow self-interest. Mozi contended that universal love

5963-465: The idea that the neural occurrences are evidence of unconditional love. In Christianity , the term "unconditional love" can be used to indicate God's love for a person irrespective of that person. This comes from the concept of God sending His only Son, Jesus Christ down from heaven to earth to die on a cross in order to take the punishment for all of humanity's sins. If someone chooses to believe in this, commonly called "The Gospel", then Jesus' price on

6052-416: The individual needed an environment that provided them with genuineness, authenticity, openness, self-disclosure, acceptance, empathy , and approval. Rogers proposed this idea of Unconditional Positive Regard not only in social and familial situations, but also encouraged getting the healthy loving environment in therapy situations as well. It is important that in face-to-face therapy settings this environment

6141-839: The inevitable disappointment in romantic relationships. Ren (仁), a concept in Confucianism philosophy, embodies the essence of humanity and virtue. It is regarded as the sum of all virtues within a person, encompassing traits such as selflessness and self-cultivation. Ren emphasizes the cultivation of harmonious relationships within society, starting from the family unit and extending outward. Within Confucianism, these relationships are delineated by five main categories: father-son, older brother-younger brother, husband-wife, older friend-younger friend, and lord-servant. In Confucianism, one displays benevolent love by performing actions such as filial piety from children, kindness from parents, loyalty to

6230-410: The king and so forth. Central to the concept of Ren is the notion of reciprocity and empathetic understanding. It is often interpreted as akin to love (愛, ài ), but sometimes it also considered a stage between ài and ling , characterized by the sincere and open-hearted expression of human feelings. Through genuine love for others, individuals cultivate Ren and foster deeper connections that bridge

6319-483: The lines in between. The instruments then repeat the theme again, and then the lyrics may either be repeated or begin a new set of words. One also finds the form a–b–a–b–c–b used, in which the intro (a) is played, followed by the verse (b). This form is repeated, and then a refrain (c) is added, ending with the verse. The most popular ranchera composers include Lucha Reyes , Cuco Sánchez , Antonio Aguilar , Juan Gabriel and José Alfredo Jiménez , who composed many of

6408-467: The loss and finding joy in new creations. Daoist love seeks connections that surpass distinctions and superficial reflections. The Japanese language uses three words to convey the English equivalent of love — ai ( 愛 ) , koi ( 恋 or 孤悲 ) and ren'ai ( 恋愛 ) . The term ai carries a multiple meanings, encompassing feelings of feelings from superior to inferiors, compassion and empathy towards others and selfless love, originally referred to beauty and

6497-408: The loving person enables the beloved person to actualize ... potentialities." For Frankl, unconditional love is a means by which we enable and reach human potential. There has been some evidence to support a neural basis for unconditional love, showing that it stands apart from other types of love. In a study conducted by Mario Beauregard and his colleagues, using an fMRI procedure, they studied

6586-449: The modern term ren'ai ; its usage more closely resembles that of koi in the form of romantic love. The concept amae ( 甘え ) , the dependency and emotional bonds between an infant and its mother—a bond that lays the foundation for the archetypal concept of love. Japanese culture traditionally distinguishes between marriage and love, valuing practical considerations and complementarity within family units. In ancient India , there

6675-464: The nature of that interaction. Hinduism and Buddhism , the Sanskrit word " bhakti " is apparently used by some to refer to unconditional love, even though its root meaning seems to be "participate". Bhakti or bhakthi is unconditional religious devotion of a devotee in worship of a divine. In Islamic belief, unconditional love can only be directed to Allah. The highest spiritual attainment in Islam

6764-490: The phenomenon of love. In the 20th century, the science of psychology has studied the subject. The sciences of anthropology , neuroscience , and biology have also added to the understanding of the concept of love. Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher , an anthropologist and human behavior researcher, divides the experience of love into three partly overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust

6853-492: The pursuit of genuine happiness through transcending desires. The Atharvaveda , presents kama as the tender affection between partners. Nevertheless, kama is also often associated with insatiable sexual desire intertwined with intense emotions like anger and greed, portraying it as potentially harmful. Over time, kama took on anthropomorphic qualities, evolving into the figure of the Indian Cupid. Sneha , considered

6942-421: The regulation of the autonomic nervous system , leading to stress reduction over time, although the initial stages of love may induce stress. Love's social bonds enhance both physical and mental health, fostering resilience, compassion, and closeness. It boosts immune function and promotes healing, while also encouraging positive motivations and behaviors for individual flourishing and survival. Breakups can evoke

7031-553: The selection of rulers and the structuring of society, emphasizing reciprocity and egalitarianism as foundational principles for a harmonious social order. In Taoism , the concept of 慈 ( ci ) embodies compassion or love, with connotations of tender nurturing akin to a mother's care. It emphasizes the idea that creatures can only thrive through raising and nurturing. Ci serves as the wellspring of compassion or love that transcends preconceived notions of individuals, instead fostering compassion for people as they are. Love, as depicted in

7120-436: The supremacy of such an element, comparing one's duty to the indiscriminate generosity of "The Sky", or "Heaven", in contrast to Confucianism , which based its model of society on family love and duty. Later schools engaged in much debate on exactly how unconditional one could be in actual society ( cf. "...who is my neighbour?" in " The Good Samaritan " story of Jesus of Nazareth ). Unitarian Universalism , though not having

7209-549: The term koi generally represented romantic love. Koi describes a longing for a member of the opposite sex and is typically interpreted as selfish and wanting. The term's origins come from the concept of lonely solitude as a result of separation from a loved one. Though modern usage of koi focuses on sexual love and infatuation, the Manyō used the term to cover a wider range of situations, including tenderness, benevolence, and material desire. The fusion of ai and koi gave rise to

7298-438: The transcendent nature of love. These interpretations emphasize Rumi's rejection of mortal attachments in favor of a love for the ultimate beloved, seen as embodying absolute beauty and grandeur. Scholars like William Chittick assert that all love stems from the divine, with God being both lover and beloved. Leonard Lewisohn characterizes Rumi's poetry as part of a mystical tradition that celebrates love as pathways to union with

7387-473: The unselfish love of others ( agape ), are often contrasted as "descending" and "ascending" love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing. Unconditional love Unconditional love is known as affection without any limitations, or love without conditions. This term is sometimes associated with other terms such as true altruism or complete love. Each area of expertise has a certain way of describing unconditional love, but most will agree that it

7476-447: The word "love" is used. Ancient Greeks identified three main forms of love: friendship and/or platonic desire ( philia ), sexual and/or romantic desire ( eros ), and self-emptying or divine love ( agape ). Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of romantic love. In Latin, friendship was distinctly termed amicitia, while amor encompassed erotic passion, familial attachment, and, albeit less commonly,

7565-431: The younger or inferior. This love is exemplified in the affection of parents towards their children, a husband's care for his wife, or a ruler's concern for their subjects. Conversely, bhakti denotes the love expressed by the younger towards the seniors, exemplified in a child's devotion to their parents. Interpretations of Rumi's poetry and Sufi cosmology by scholars emphasize a divine-centric perspective, focusing on

7654-513: Was a understanding of erotics and the art of love. References in the Rigveda suggest the presence of romantic narratives in ancient Indo-Aryan society, evident in dialogues between deities like Yama and Yami , and Pururavas and Urvashi . The Sanskrit language , offered various terms to convey the concept of love, such as kama, sneha, priya, vatsalya, bhakti , priti and prema . In Indian literature, there are seven stages of love. The first

7743-604: Was not merely an abstract concept but a practical imperative, requiring individuals to actively promote the welfare of all members of society through their actions. In Mozi's philosophical framework, universal love was not only a moral obligation but also a divine principle originating from Heaven itself. He argued that this principle was exemplified through the actions of sage-kings from ancient times, who demonstrated how love could manifest in tangible ways within human interactions. Mozi's advocacy for universal love extended beyond interpersonal relationships; he believed it should guide

7832-421: Was often used in a religious context. Initially synonymous with koi , representing romantic love between a man and a woman, emphasizing its physical expression, ai underwent a transformation during the early Meiji era . It evolved into a euphemistic term for renbo ( 恋慕 ) or love attachment, signifying a shift towards a more egalitarian treatment and consideration of others as equals. Prior to Western influence,

7921-501: Was quoted as saying "I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality". In Buddhism one of the most important concepts is called " bodhicitta ". There are two kinds of Bodhicitta. They are relative and absolute bodhicitta . In relative bodhicitta, one learns about the desire to gain the understanding of unconditional love, which in Buddhism is expressed as loving-kindness and compassion. The point

#889110