Political fiction employs narrative to comment on political events, systems and theories. Works of political fiction , such as political novels , often "directly criticize an existing society or present an alternative, even fantastic, reality". The political novel overlaps with the social novel , proletarian novel , and social science fiction .
71-615: Rakta Charitra ( transl. History of Blood ) is a 2010 Indian political action thriller film based on the life of Paritala Ravindra . The film was directed by Ram Gopal Varma and written by Prashant Pandey . Shot simultaneously in Telugu and Hindi , with the latter titled Rakht Charitra , the film stars Vivek Oberoi as Pratap Ravi, while Radhika Apte , Sudeep , Shatrughan Sinha , Abhimanyu Singh , Kota Srinivasa Rao , and Sushant Singh play supporting roles. The film marks Oberoi's acting debut in Telugu cinema . The sequel to
142-582: A totalitarian or authoritarian state. The poet Jan Kochanowski 's play The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys (1578), the first tragedy written in the Polish language , recounts an incident leading up to the Trojan War . Its theme of the responsibilities of statesmanship resonates to the present day. The book Utopia (1516), written by Sir Thomas More , talk about a story of a different world compared to
213-419: A Senegalese immigrant living France since the 1990s, writes political fiction about her experiences on France's unwelcoming borders that are dominated by white Christian culture. The work of Guadeloupean author Maryse Condé also tackles colonialism and oppression; her best known titles are Ségou (1984) and Ségou II (1985). Set in historical Segou (now part of Mali), the novels examine the violent legacies of
284-431: A boulder. This results in an agitation led by Thota Shankar Ravi ( Sushant Singh ), who wants to avenge his father's murder by killing all the men of Nagamani Reddy and Narasimha Reddy. Enter Nagamani Reddy's son, Bukka Reddy ( Abhimanyu Singh ), a ruthless man who enjoys raping women and killing men in brutal ways. He starts killing Shankar's men in gory ways: drilling a hole into their skulls, chopping off their heads with
355-561: A by-election opposite Rajesh Khanna . He quoted in an interview that his biggest regret in his life was contesting election against his friend Khanna. Khanna won the elections by beating Sinha by 25,000 votes; however, he was hurt and never spoke to Sinha thereafter. Sinha did try to rebuild his friendship with Khanna; however, that never happened until Khanna's death in 2012. He won the Patna Sahib Lok Sabha constituency in Bihar during
426-515: A century before he completed Pharaoh . This is a political awareness that Prus shared with his 10-years-junior novelist compatriot, Joseph Conrad , who was an admirer of Prus' writings. Pharaoh has been translated into 23 languages and adapted as a 1966 Polish feature film . It is also known to have been Joseph Stalin's favourite book. Joseph Conrad wrote several novels with political themes: Nostromo (1904) , The Secret Agent (1907), and Under Western Eyes (1911). Nostromo (1904)
497-423: A close follower of Veerabhadra, and manipulates him into killing Veerabhadra, giving him the assurance that if he does it, people will suspect the policies of Veerabhadra as his own follower killed him, and he will be the next in line as the leader of the poor people; otherwise, take his life. Mandha reluctantly agrees to it. Veerabhadra and his wife, Gajula Jayalakshmi ( Zarina Wahab ), travel by bus with 40 people to
568-513: A different protagonist: Roy Sherwood, a member of the state legislature; Neil Christiansen, the state's junior senator; and Jay McGown, the governor's speech-writer. The governor himself, Arthur Fenstemaker, a master politician (said to have been based on Brammer's mentor Lyndon Johnson ) serves as the dominant figure throughout. The book also includes characters based on Brammer, his wife Nadine, Johnson's wife Ladybird , and his brother Sam Houston Johnson . The book has been widely acclaimed one of
639-601: A judge on The Great Indian Laughter Challenge show, season 4 on STAR One TV. On 3 October 2009, Sinha appeared on Sony Entertainment Television Asia 's show Dus Ka Dum season 2 as host for a special episode. He is currently hosting the Bhojpuri version of the popular game show Kaun Banega Crorepati on Mahuaa channel. He portrayed Chief Minister Konda Shivaji Rao, a character based on NTR in Ram Gopal Varma 's Rakta Charitra . Sinha entered politics by contesting in
710-422: A man named Babu Qadri, who seeks Pratap Ravi's help to avenge his sister's death. Bukka Reddy had raped his 16-year-old sister, because of which she immolated herself, and Bukka Reddy had then broken Babu Qadri's leg. Pratap Ravi assures him of his vengeance but asks him to forget everything for some time. As Bukka Reddy's men fail to rig the election process, Pratap Ravi wins by a majority. Immediately, Bukka Reddy
781-400: A political dimension, is the social novel – also known as the "social-problem" or "social-protest" novel – a "work of fiction in which a prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its effect on the characters of a novel". More specific examples of social problems that are addressed in such works include poverty, conditions in factories and mines,
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#1732876799665852-552: A political point. Steinbeck had visited the camps well before publication of the novel and argued that their inhumane nature destroyed the settlers' spirit. The Quiet American (1955) by English novelist Graham Greene questions the foundations of growing American involvement in Vietnam in the 1950s. The novel has received much attention due to its prediction of the outcome of the Vietnam War and subsequent American foreign policy since
923-527: A response to the growing cultural schism that he saw between Russia 's liberals of the 1830s and 1840s, and the growing Russian nihilist movement among their sons. Both the nihilists and the 1830s liberals sought Western-based social change in Russia. Additionally, these two modes of thought were contrasted with the Slavophiles , who believed that Russia's path lay in its traditional spirituality . Turgenev's novel
994-513: A sugarcane chopper, burning them alive, and feeding them to ravenous rats. Pratap Ravi ( Vivek Oberoi ), who is in college in the city of Anantapur , gets the news of his father's murder and rushes to the village. Nagamani Reddy orders the local police inspector to kill Shankar in a fake encounter. When Pratap Ravi goes to the police station to ask about his brother, the inspector shows him Shankar's dead body and mocks him. Infuriated with his brother's murder, Pratap Ravi and Veerabhadra's men kill all
1065-479: A two-hour promotional fare for Rakta Charitra 2. Yes, there is more to come." Anupama Chopra of NDTV gave the movie 2.5 stars on a scale of 5 stars. Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave the movie 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "It is an interesting story, and Oberoi, re-united with RGV after Company does a good job as Ravi. But the blood overtakes it all: Rakta Charitra is not for the faint-hearted." Nominated Nominated Nominated A sequel titled Rakta Charitra 2
1136-532: A wedding. Mandha and Nagamani Reddy's men stop the bus, kill Veerabhadra's guards, and tell him to step out of the bus or else he will be killed along with the other innocents on the bus. Veerabhadra comes out, looking at Mandha, and dares him to kill. Nagamani Reddy's henchman, Durga ( Chetanya Adib ), shoots at Veerabhadra, making it look like Mandha shot at him. Prompting Mandha about the deal he made with Nagamani Reddy, he tells him to kill him in front of everyone. Manda then kills Veerabhadra by crushing his skull with
1207-413: Is Nineteen Eighty-Four (published in 1949), many of whose terms and concepts, such as Big Brother , doublethink , thoughtcrime , Newspeak , Room 101 , telescreen , 2 + 2 = 5 , and memory hole , have entered into common use. Nineteen Eighty-Four popularised the adjective " Orwellian ", which describes official deception, secret surveillance, and manipulation of recorded history by
1278-421: Is an Indian actor and politician. He is a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Asansol constituency as a member of All India Trinamool Congress (TMC). Earlier he was elected as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha (2009–2014, 2014–2019) from Patna Sahib . He was also a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha during 1996–2002 and 2002–2008. He was a Union Cabinet Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Shipping in
1349-399: Is arrested. Puru Reddy gets him out on bail through Sirji's influence. Bukka Reddy inflamed with the desire to avenge his father's death, hides out in an apartment with his men and plots to kill Pratap Ravi. Pratap Ravi learns about his hideout and devises a plan to execute him. He immediately gathers his men and calls Babu Qadri, who had sought Pratap Ravi's help in avenging his sister, to lead
1420-408: Is created especially by communist , socialist , and anarchist authors. It is about the lives of the poor, and the period from 1930 to 1945, in particular, produced many such novels. However, proletarian works were also produced before and after those dates. In Britain, the terms " working-class " literature, novel, etc., are more generally used. A closely related type of novel, which frequently has
1491-921: Is married to former Miss India Poonam Sinha ( née Chandiramani). Sinha got his first acting opportunity to play a Pakistani military officer in Dev Anand 's Prem Pujari . Before that, he got a small role as a police inspector in Mohan Sehgal's Sajan in 1969. The release of Prem Pujari was delayed, so his first released film was Sajan . He later appeared in villainous roles in Pyar Hi Pyar , Banphool , Manmohan Desai 's Raampur Ka Lakshman , Bhai Ho Toh Aisa , Sultan Ahmed 's Heera , and in Vijay Anand 's Blackmail . He played supporting roles in many films before appearing in Gulzar 's Mere Apne in 1971. He
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#17328767996651562-479: Is not for the faint-hearted or the lily-livered. The violence, the blood and gore depicted in the film will shock and disconcert you, which only goes to establish as to how proficiently the subject material has been treated." Nikhat Kazmi of Times of India gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, stating that "Rakta Charitra holds up a brutal mirror on the muck that masquerades as democracy in India." Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave
1633-465: Is paramount in The Secret Agent , as the main character, Verloc, works for a quasi-political organisation. The plot to destroy Greenwich Observatory is in itself anarchistic. Vladimir asserts that the bombing "must be purely destructive" and that the anarchists who will be implicated as the architects of the explosion "should make it clear that [they] are perfectly determined to make a clean sweep of
1704-401: Is set amid political upheaval in the fictitious South American country of Costaguana, where a trusted Italian-descended longshoreman, Giovanni Battista Fidanza—the novel's eponymous "Nostromo" (Italian for "our man")—is instructed by English-descended silver-mine owner Charles Gould to take Gould's silver abroad so that it will not fall into the hands of revolutionaries. The role of politics
1775-487: Is set in a small Midlands industrial town and particularly criticizes the effect of Utilitarianism on the lives of cities' working classes. John Ruskin declared Hard Times his favourite Dickens work due to its exploration of important social questions. Walter Allen characterised Hard Times as an unsurpassed "critique of industrial society", Other notable examples are in the main lists, above. Shatrughan Sinha Shatrughan Prasad Sinha (born 15 July 1946)
1846-475: Is the local MLA of the district and close to Narasimha Reddy, becomes jealous of the budding trust between Veerabhadra and Narasimha Reddy and starts poisoning Narasimha Reddy against Veerabhadra. Narasimha Reddy summons Veerabhadra and asks him not to contest the polls with his contestants but rather to support Nagamani Reddy. Veerabhadra lashes out at Narasimha Reddy for being unfair to the underprivileged communities and storms out. Nagamani Reddy calls for Mandha,
1917-494: Is the youngest of four brothers – Ram, Lakshman, Bharat and himself. He graduated from Patna Science College with a Bachelor of Science. He had a Diploma in Acting from the Film and Television Institute of India Pune . Currently there's a scholarship being awarded in his name in the institute to Diploma students. He moved to Mumbai , where he started his career in the film industry. He
1988-494: Is won by the proponent of reforms. An early example of the political novel is The Betrothed (1827) by Alessandro Manzoni , an Italian historical novel . Set in northern Italy in 1628, during the oppressive years of direct Spanish rule, it has been seen sometimes as a veiled attack on the Austrian Empire , which controlled Italy at the time the novel was written. It has been called the most famous and widely read novel in
2059-481: The 2009 Indian general elections . He defeated another cinema celebrity, Shekhar Suman . Out of a total of 552,293 votes polled, Sinha received 316,549 votes. He won the seat in the subsequent 2014 Indian general elections , as well. In 2014, he received 485,905 from the 813,411 total votes polled. Sinha became a cabinet minister in the Third Vajpayee ministry from the 13th Lok Sabha , holding two portfolios,
2130-510: The Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. He was a member of standing committee on transport, tourism and culture and member of consultative committee in ministry of external affairs and overseas Indian affairs from 2014 to 2019. In 2016, his biography, Anything but Khamosh , was released. Sinha was born in Patna , Bihar , to Bhubaneswari Prasad Sinha and Shyama Devi Sinha on 15 July 1946. He
2201-750: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (January 2003 – May 2004), and the Department of Shipping (August 2004). As of May 2006, he was appointed as the head of the BJP Culture and Arts Department. On 6 April 2019, Sinha became a member of the Indian National Congress in presence of Congress general secretary K. C. Venugopal and Randeep Surjewala . Sinha became a member of the Indian National Congress Party , having joined them after he
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2272-554: The Spanish Civil War . The Soviet Union, he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship , built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror . Orwell described his Animal Farm as "a satirical tale against Stalin", and in his essay " Why I Write " (1946) he wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole." Orwell's most famous work, however,
2343-568: The revolutions of 1917 . Conrad's earlier novella, Heart of Darkness (1899), also had political implications, in its depiction of European colonial depredations in Africa , which Conrad witnessed during his employ in the Belgian Congo . John Steinbeck 's novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is a depiction of the plight of the poor. However, some Steinbeck's contemporaries attacked his social and political views. Bryan Cordyack writes: "Steinbeck
2414-616: The 1950s. Graham Greene portrays a U.S. official named Pyle as so blinded by American exceptionalism that he cannot see the calamities he brings upon the Vietnamese. The book uses Greene's experiences as a war correspondent for The Times and Le Figaro in French Indochina in 1951–54. The Gay Place (1961) is a set of politically themed novellas with interlocking plots and characters by American author Billy Lee Brammer . Set in an unnamed state identical to Texas, each novella has
2485-473: The 1992 election. Though as a Congress candidate Khanna had defeated Sinha by 25000 margin of votes, Khanna was disappointed at Sinha for standing against him in the elections. Sinha was selected by Rediff as one of the most unconventional actors in Hindi cinema (the others being Ajay Devgan , Amitabh Bachchan , Irrfan Khan , Rajesh Khanna , Rajinikanth , Shahrukh Khan and Sunil Shetty ). In 2008, he became
2556-532: The Italian language. In the 1840s British politician Benjamin Disraeli wrote a trilogy of novels with political themes. With Coningsby; or, The New Generation (1844), Disraeli, in historian Robert Blake 's view, "infused the novel genre with political sensibility, espousing the belief that England's future as a world power depended not on the complacent old guard, but on youthful, idealistic politicians." Coningsby
2627-679: The ascendant commercial empires in Thomas More's Europe. The political comedy The Return of the Deputy (1790), by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz —Polish poet, playwright, statesman, and comrade-in-arms of Tadeusz Kościuszko —was written in about two weeks' time while Niemcewicz was serving as a deputy to the historic Four-Year Sejm of 1788–92. The comedy's premiere in January 1791 was an enormous success, sparking widespread debate, royal communiques, and diplomatic correspondence. As Niemcewicz had hoped, it set
2698-716: The best American political novels ever written. Since 2000, there has been a surge of Transatlantic migrant literature in French, Spanish, and English, with new narratives about political topics relating to global debt, labor abuses, mass migration, and environmental crises in the Global South. Political fiction by contemporary novelists from the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America directly challenges political leadership, systemic racism, and economical systems. Fatou Diome ,
2769-402: The cop, and his men, dressed as cops as well, kill most of the policemen. The story progresses as famed film star-turned-politician Konda Shivaji Rao ( Shatrughan Sinha ) targets Anantapur for contesting elections. The day he enters Anantapur for the rally, Bukka Reddy's men throw bombs, making Shivaji Rao get back inside the car and return. This insults him greatly, and he asks his secretary for
2840-508: The early 20th century such as Jack London 's The Iron Heel , Sinclair Lewis ' It Can't Happen Here , and George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four . The Greek playwright Aristophanes ' plays are known for their political and social satire, particularly in his criticism of the powerful Athenian general, Cleon , in plays such as The Knights . Aristophanes is also notable for the persecution he underwent. Aristophanes' plays turned upon images of filth and disease. His bawdy style
2911-422: The execution of Bukka Reddy. He calls for Bukka Reddy's servant and bribes him with 500,000 to aid in the execution. Babu Qadri and Pratap Ravi's men rush into the apartment, killing all of Bukka Reddy's men and then killing Bukka Reddy with an axe. Vivek Oberoi's performance in the role of Paritala Ravi drew widespread praise, while Abhimanyu Singh's devious turn as Bukka Reddy, modeled on the real-life Obul Reddy,
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2982-720: The film Kalka , based on life of coal mine workers, released in 1983. He then bounced back by bagging roles in films with lead hero as Rajesh Khanna in films like Dil E Nadan , Aaj Ka M.L.A Ram Avtaar , Maqsad and Paapi Pet Ka Sawal Hai . His other hit films in the mid-eighties included Jeene Nahi Doonga , Bhawani Junction , Aandhi-Toofan , Ramkali , Ilzaam and Asli Naqli . He then went on to star with Jeetendra in Hoshiyar , Khudgarz , Ranbhoomi and Mulzim . He co-starred with Dharmendra in Insaniyat Ke Dushman , Loha (1987), Aag Hi Aag (1987), Hawalaat and Zalzala . He
3053-492: The film Rakta Charitra 2 (2010) was released later that year. The film met with huge critical acclaim, with critics praising the screenplay, story, direction, cinematography, dialogues, and realistic approach. Oberoi's portrayal of Paritala Ravi was deemed one of the best performances in his filmography by critics and audiences. This marks the third collaboration of Ram Gopal Varma with Vivek Oberoi after " Company " and " Road ," both of which were decent hits, though " Company "
3124-409: The just city-state , and the just man. Other influential politically themed works include Thomas More 's Utopia (1516), Jonathan Swift 's Gulliver's Travels (1726), Voltaire 's Candide (1759), and Harriet Beecher Stowe 's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). Political fiction frequently employs satire , often in the utopian and dystopian genres. This includes totalitarian dystopias of
3195-496: The lead hero between 1970 and 1975 were not hits. His first successful film as lead hero was in Kalicharan in 1976. Subhash Ghai went with the story of Kalicharan to N. N. Sippy and said he wanted to direct his first film. N. N. Sippy got ready to produce after few days, but wanted to cast only Rajesh Khanna in the lead role of Kalicharan . Then only when N. N. Sippy confirmed with Rajesh Khanna that Khanna did not have dates for
3266-399: The market, Pratap Ravi's men follow him, and before he can defend himself, they chop his hand off. Manda begs for his life, but Pratap Ravi stabs him in front of everyone. They plan to kill Nagamani Reddy, but they are cautious as there is heavy police security at his house. As Nagamani Reddy is sitting on his lawn conversing with a police officer, he is shot at by Pratap Ravi, who is dressed as
3337-399: The movie 3 out of 5 stars, noting that "Rakta Charitra is a bold, disturbing film that’s bursting with the kind of confidence we haven’t seen from the filmmaker recently. If the sight of blood doesn’t make you uncomfortable, chances are you’ll enjoy this film." Kittu Singh of Rediff gave the movie 2.5 out of 5, writing that "Once the film is over you realise that all Rakta Charitra has been is
3408-450: The one they live in. The character Thomas More is sent by King Henry VIII of England to negotiate the English wool trade. There he meets a man by the name Raphael Hythloday. He is a man that has been to the island on Utopia. He explains to More how their entire philosophy is to find happiness and share everything collectively; in this society, money does not exist, which starkly contrasts with
3479-477: The one who can stop Bukka Reddy. Immediately, his secretary mentions Pratap Ravi's name; Shivaji Rao sends for him and puts down a proposal to join his party and a ticket for contesting elections. On the other hand, Bukka Reddy makes his brother Puru Reddy ( Vishwajeet Pradhan ) contest elections and tries to sabotage the voting process by stealing the ballots. Pratap Ravi starts his rampage by eliminating, one by one, every rival of his party. Eventually, he comes across
3550-561: The other hand, George Orwell , in his essay on Dickens, wrote: "There is no clear sign that he wants the existing order to be overthrown, or that he believes it would make very much difference if it were overthrown. For in reality his target is not so much society as 'human nature'." Dickens's second novel, Oliver Twist (1839), shocked readers with its images of poverty and crime: it destroyed middle-class polemics about criminals, making any pretence to ignorance about what poverty entailed impossible. Charles Dickens 's Hard Times (1854)
3621-438: The plight of child labor, violence against women, rising criminality, and epidemics caused by overcrowding and poor sanitation in cities. Charles Dickens was a fierce critic of the poverty and social stratification of Victorian society. Karl Marx asserted that Dickens "issued to the world more political and social truths than have been uttered by all the professional politicians, publicists and moralists put together". On
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#17328767996653692-412: The police officers and the inspector. Pratap Ravi hides in the jungle with his father's associates and vows to kill Narsimha Reddy, Nagamani Reddy, and Mandha one by one, instilling fear of death in each one of them. He starts by busting into the house of Narasimha Reddy, killing his guards, and finally killing him with a scythe in front of his wife as she looks on in horror. Next is Mandha; as he roams in
3763-581: The poor, as well as British policy toward the Irish in general. George Orwell 's Animal Farm (1945) is an allegorical and dystopian novella which satirises the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Soviet Union 's Stalinist era . Orwell, a democratic socialist , was a critic of Joseph Stalin and was hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism —an attitude that had been shaped by his experiences during
3834-492: The powers that be are vulnerable to co-option, seduction , subornation, defamation , intimidation, and assassination . Perhaps the chief lesson, belatedly absorbed by Ramses as pharaoh, is the importance, to power, of knowledge . Prus' vision of the fall of an ancient civilization derives some of its power from the author's intimate awareness of the final demise of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795,
3905-424: The privileges of the mostly self-interested noble class ; and of promoting a more active Polish role in international affairs, in the interest of stopping the depredations of Poland's neighbors, Russia, Prussia, and Austria (who will in 1795 complete the dismemberment of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ). Romantic interest is provided by a rivalry between a reformer and a conservative for a young lady's hand—which
3976-630: The slave trade, Islam, Christianity, and colonization (from 1797 to 1860). A bold critic of the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy , French novelist Marie Ndiayes won the Prix Goncourt for " Three Strong Women "(2009) about patriarchal control. The proletarian novel is written by workers, mainly for other workers. It overlaps and sometimes is synonymous with the working-class novel, socialist novel, social-problem novel (also problem novel, sociological novel, or social novel ), propaganda or thesis novel, and socialist-realism novel. The intention of
4047-430: The song "Ek Baat Suni Hai Chachaji" with singer Sushma Shrestha in the film Naram Garam in 1981, composed by R. D. Burman . However, when his films as lead hero like Prakash Mehra 's Jawalamukhi , Amjad Khan's Chor Police , Ameer Aadmi Garib Aadmi and Raj Khosla 's Mera Dost Meraa Dushman became flops, despite being appreciated by critics, there was threat to his career as lead hero. He also produced and acted in
4118-565: The stage for passage of Poland's epochal Constitution of 3 May 1791 , which is regarded as Europe's first, and the world's second, modern written national constitution, after the United States Constitution implemented in 1789. The comedy pits proponents against opponents of political reforms: of abolishing the destabilizing free election of Poland's kings; of abolishing the legislatively destructive liberum veto ; of granting greater rights to peasants and townspeople; of curbing
4189-444: The whole social creation." However, the political form of anarchism is ultimately controlled in the novel: the only supposed politically motivated act is orchestrated by a secret government agency. Conrad's third political novel, Under Western Eyes , is connected to Russian history. Its first audience read it against the backdrop of the failed Revolution of 1905 and in the shadow of the movements and impulses that would take shape as
4260-436: The writers of proletarian literature is to lift the workers from the slums by inspiring them to embrace the possibilities of social change or of a political revolution. As such, it is a form of political fiction. The proletarian novel may comment on political events, systems, and theories, and is frequently seen as an instrument to promote social reform or political revolution among the working classes. Proletarian literature
4331-677: The years 1976 and 1977, Sippy asked Subhash Ghai to go ahead with the script and direct Kalicharan with Sinha in the lead. Sinha played the lead hero were Ab Kya Hoga , Khan Dost , Yaaraon Ka Yaar , Dillagi , Vishwanath , Muqabla and Jaani Dushman . He then became a bankable action hero from early eighties to mid-nineties. He co-starred with Sanjeev Kumar in Bereham , Hathkadi , Baad Aur Badnaam , Chehre Pe Chehra , Hirasat and Qatl . He starred in Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Naram Garam , Brij's Bombay 405 Miles and Taqdeer . He has sung
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#17328767996654402-447: Was adopted by Greek dramatist-comedian Menander , whose early play, Drunkenness , contains an attack on the politician, Callimedon . Jonathan Swift 's A Modest Proposal (1729) is an 18th-century Juvenalian satirical essay in which he suggests that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. The satirical hyperbole mocks heartless attitudes towards
4473-514: Was attacked as a propagandist and a socialist from both the left and the right of the political spectrum. The most fervent of these attacks came from the Associated Farmers of California; they were displeased with the book's depiction of California farmers' attitudes and conduct toward the migrants. They denounced the book as a 'pack of lies' and labeled it 'communist propaganda'". Some accused Steinbeck of exaggerating camp conditions to make
4544-578: Was cast along with his future wife Poonam Sinha , then called as Komal, in the movie Sabak (1973). He played supporting roles in Khilona , Dulal Guha 's Dost in 1974, Aa Gale Lag Jaa , Jheel Ke Us Paar and Gambler in 1970. He acted with Amitabh Bachchan in films like Raaste Ka Paththar , Yaar Meri Zindagi , Shaan and Kala Paththar , of which Shaan was the biggest success. He later acted in Bombay to Goa , Dostana and Naseeb . His films as
4615-560: Was followed by Sybil; or, The Two Nations (1845), another political novel, which was less idealistic and more clear-eyed than Coningsby ; the "two nations" of its subtitle referred to the huge economic and social gap between the privileged few and the deprived working classes. The last of Disraeli's political-novel trilogy, Tancred; or, The New Crusade (1847), promoted the Church of England's role in reviving Britain's flagging spirituality. Ivan Turgenev wrote Fathers and Sons (1862) as
4686-594: Was in films like Telephone (1985), Sherni (1988), Khoon Bhari Maang (1988) and Adharm (1992). He starred with Raajkumar in Betaaj Badshah in 1994 and Salman Khan in Chaand Kaa Tukdaa in 1994. Sinha credited Rajesh Khanna for getting Kaalicharan and for the revival of his career as lead hero in the 1980s, however their friendship got affected when Shatrughan Sinha stood as the BJP candidate against Rajesh Khanna in
4757-459: Was more successful. Narasimha Reddy ( Kitty ), a local politician , is a powerful man in the area. His close associate, Gajula Veerabhadra ( Rajendra Gupta ), is his trustworthy ally for his political work, to the extent that Narasimha Reddy gives him the freedom to contest Jilla Parishad polls with his men. Veerabhadra champions the causes of the poor and oppressed, and they look up to him as their leader. Nagamani Reddy ( Kota Srinivasa Rao ), who
4828-643: Was not given a seat for the 2019 Indian general elections by the Bharatiya Janata Party . In March 2022, Sinha joined All India Trinamool Congress to contest in the By-election for the Asansol Lok Sabha constituency . On 16 April 2022, Sinha won by defeating Bharatiya Janata Party 's Agnimitra Paul by a margin of 303,209 votes. In Lok Sabha Election 2024, Shatrughan Sinha won from Asansol seat, he defeated BJP's Surendrajit Singh Ahluwalia by
4899-408: Was regarded as one of the terrifying villainous acts captured on celluloid in a long time. Renuka Rao of DNA India gave the movie 4 stars on a scale of 5, concluding that RGV has surprisingly thrown at the audience a film that could actually evoke some emotions in you. A must, must watch." Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the movie 4 stars on a scale of 5, saying "On the whole, RAKHT CHARITRA
4970-456: Was released in December 2010 and included Tamil actor Suriya as part of the main cast. Political fiction Plato 's Republic , a Socratic dialogue written around 380 BC, has been one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory , both intellectually and historically. The Republic is concerned with justice ( δικαιοσύνη ), the order and character of
5041-488: Was responsible for popularizing the use of the term " nihilism ", which became widely used after the novel was published. The Polish writer Bolesław Prus ' novel, Pharaoh (1895), is set in the Egypt of 1087–85 BCE as that country experiences internal stresses and external threats that will culminate in the fall of its Twentieth Dynasty and New Kingdom . The young protagonist Ramses learns that those who would challenge
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