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Rajnandgaon district

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Uttar Bastar Kanker District is located in the southern region of the state of Chhattisgarh , India within the latitudes 20.6-20.24 and longitudes 80.48-81.48. The total area of the district is 6432 square kilometers. The population is 748,941.

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96-583: Rajnandgaon is a district of the state of Chhattisgarh in central India . The administrative headquarters the district is Rajnandgaon town. In ancient times Rajnandgaon, like the rest of the Chhattisgarh plain, was part of Dakshina Kosala . The region was part of the Mauryan empire during Ashoka's time. Coins of the Indo-Sassanians have been found near Rajnandgaon dating from the 3rd century CE, implying

192-407: A capacity of 2,980 MW at Sipat, Bilaspur; LARA Super Thermal Power Station with a nameplate capacity of 1600MW and Korba Super Thermal Power Station with a capacity of 2,600 MW at Korba, while CSEB's units have a thermal capacity of 1,780 MW and hydel capacity of 130 MW. Apart from NTPC and CSEB, there are several private generation units of large and small capacity. The state government has pursued

288-640: A commercial scale has not been attempted. About 100 million tons of iron ore deposits have been identified in the Hahaladdi region of the Bhanupratappur Tehsil. Chhattisgarh's second biggest iron ore deposits, Rowghat Mines , is in Antargarh tehsil in this district. Its reserves are assessed at 731 Million tons. Rowghat Mines will supply iron ore to the Bhilai Steel Plant of SAIL. Black and white granite

384-488: A depth of 0–1200 meters. Therefore, extraction is mainly amenable to underground mining except for a few blocks in the eastern part of these coalfields which have opencast potential. Jhilimili Coalfield located in Surguja district is spread over an area of 180 square kilometres (69 sq mi). Estimated total reserves are 215.31 million tonnes, out of which about half have been indicated to be Grade I. According to

480-409: A liberal policy with regard to captive generation which has resulted in a number of private companies coming up. The state has a potential of 61,000 MW of additional thermal power in terms of availability of coal for more than 100 years and more than 2,500 MW hydel capacity. To use this vast potential, substantial additions to the existing generation capacity are already underway. The steel industry

576-474: A library, Radhakrishna Temple, Ramjanki Temple, Jagannath Temple and Balaji Temple. Narhar Deo made a plan termed 'Ratna Bhandar' for keeping grain in stock for his people. He established a new town named Narharpur near Kanker. In 1904, Komal Dev became the king of Kanker. During his rule one English secondary school, one Girls school, and 15 primary Schools were established, as well as two hospitals: one in Kanker and

672-430: A population density of 115 inhabitants per square kilometre (300/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15%. Kanker has a sex ratio of 1007 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.97%. 10.25% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4.21% and 55.38% of the population respectively. Languages of Kanker district (2011) At

768-614: A sharp rise in passenger flow. The passenger flow increased by 58% between 2011 and November 2012. The State Legislative Assembly is composed of 90 members of the Legislative Assembly. There are 11 members of the Lok Sabha from Chhattisgarh. The Rajya Sabha has five members from the state Chhattisgarh comprises 33 districts. The following are the list of the districts of Chhattisgarh State with major cities: Pakhanjore Chhattisgarh's nominal gross state domestic product (GSDP)

864-454: A tropical climate . It is hot and humid in the summer because of its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains. Summer temperatures in Chhattisgarh can reach up to 49 °C (120 °F). The monsoon season is from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat. Chhattisgarh receives an average of 1,292 millimetres (50.9 in) of rain. Winter

960-579: Is a lack of passenger services to the north and south of Chhattisgarh. The air infrastructure in Chhattisgarh is gradually improving. Swami Vivekananda Airport in Raipur is the primary airport (domestic) and is well connected to all major cities of India. Besides this, the smaller Bilaspur Airport , Jagdalpur Airport and Ambikapur Airport are regionally connected with scheduled commercial services. A massive reduction in sales tax on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) from 25 to 4% in Chhattisgarh in 2003 contributed to

1056-481: Is a landlocked state in Central India . It is the ninth largest state by area , and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous . It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the northwest, Maharashtra to the southwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Odisha to the east, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south. Formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh , it

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1152-700: Is a major one running around 300 km long. This area has extensive rice cultivation. The upper Mahanadi basin is separated from the upper Narmada basin to the west by the Maikal Hills (part of the Satpuras) and from the plains of Odisha to the east by ranges of hills. The southern part of the state lies on the Deccan plateau , in the watershed of the Godavari River and its tributary, the Indravati River . The Mahanadi

1248-416: Is a tradition named Ghotul. Ghotul is a cultural centre of Gonds and Murias. The tribal customs of death are complex. The Maria bury dead bodies. If a woman dies during her pregnancy, her body is buried. If a child who is younger than 5 years dies, then their body is also buried beneath a Mahua tree and their head is placed facing an easterly direction. They construct a little tomb in that place in memory of

1344-889: Is also a starting point of many long-distance trains. These three junctions are well-connected to the major cities of India and also these station comes under the top 50 booking stations in India. The state has the highest freight loading in the country, and one-sixth of the Indian Railway's revenue comes from Chhattisgarh. The length of the rail network in the state is 1,108 km, while a third track has been commissioned between Durg and Raigarh. Construction of some new railway lines include Dalli–Rajhara–Jagdalpur rail line, Pendra Road–Gevra Road rail line, Raigarh–Mand Colliery to Bhupdeopur rail line and Barwadih–Chirmiri rail line. Freight/goods trains provide services mostly to coal and iron ore industries in east–west corridor (Mumbai–Howrah route). There

1440-472: Is also called the "rice bowl of central India". In Chhattisgarh, rice, the main crop, is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Only about 20% of the area is under irrigation; the rest depends on rain. Of the three agroclimatic zones, about 73% of the Chhattisgarh plains, 97% of the Bastar plateau, and 95% of the northern hills are rainfed. The irrigated area available for double cropping is only 87,000 ha in

1536-475: Is also mentioned in Ramayana and Mahabharata.One of the earliest statues of Vishnu has been excavated from Shunga period site at Malhar . Between the sixth and twelfth centuries, Sharabhpurias , Panduvanshis (of Mekala and Dakshina Kosala ), Somavanshi , Kalachuri and Nagavanshi rulers dominated this region. The Bastar region of Chhattisgarh was invaded by Rajendra Chola I and Kulothunga Chola I of

1632-567: Is below the poverty line , according to official estimates. The entire district is drought prone. Over 80 percent of the working population is already dependent on marginal agriculture and allied activities, with low incomes and stagnant productivity. Thus, in addition to providing a livelihood for the unemployed, it is a challenge to make the existing the livelihoods of the nearly 295,000 (2.95 lakh) workers more productive. This would be beneficial, since persons engaged in agriculture could then earn an adequate income to meet their basic needs . Thus,

1728-495: Is black and oily. The capacity of water absorption by this soil is great, and this is very useful in growth of Kharif and Rabi crops in the region. This type of soil is found in the planes of Kotri and Mahanadi. B. Dorsa: This type of soil is medium in nature and it is very similar to Matasi and Kanhar type soil. This type of soil is found in north east Kanker and in the Bhanupratappur region. C. Matasi: This type of soil

1824-508: Is celebrated in Kondagaon, Keshkal and Bhopalpattanam. The festival is celebrated in the respect of local Gods and Goddess. This festival is celebrated in a big ground where thousands of peoples gather simultaneously. The festival starts with a procession of local God or Goddess; after that the worship is done and then the festival starts. A lot of shops, restaurants, crafts, dances and other cultural program can be seen in this festival. Although

1920-507: Is currently a part of the Red Corridor , the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India that experience considerable Naxalite–Maoist insurgency. According to the 2011 census Kanker district has a population of 748,941, roughly equal to the nation of Guyana or the US state of Alaska . This gives it a ranking of 493rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has

2016-406: Is estimated at ₹ 5.09 lakh crore (US$ 61 billion) in 2023–24, the 17th largest state economy in India. The economy of Chhattisgarh recorded a growth rate of 11.2% in 2023–24. Chhattisgarh's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in agriculture and industrial production. Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. According to a government estimate,

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2112-541: Is found at an elevation higher than Kanhar and less than Bhata. This soil is appropriate for growing rice. This type of soil is found in most of the Kanker region. D. Bhata: This soil-type is affected by a late rating process. It can be red or yellow, having a mixed shape/condition. This soil is found in uplands of the area. It is appropriate for the cultivation of crops like Kodo , Kulthi , Maize and Kutki. There are 7 blocks and 11 tehsils in Kanker district. They are: There are 454 Gram Panchayats and 1005 villages in

2208-615: Is from November to January. Winters are pleasant with low temperatures and less humidity. Ambikapur, Mainpat, Pendra Road, Samri and Jashpur are some of the coldest places in the state. Chhattisgarh has four-lane or two-lane roads that provide connectivity to major cities. A total of 20 national highways pass through the state, together measuring 3,078 km. Many national highways exist only on paper and are not fully converted into four-lane, let alone six-lane or eight-lane, highways. These include: The state highways and major district roads constitute another network of 8,031 km. Almost

2304-458: Is located. According to myth, Kanker was also a land of monks and sages. Many Rishis (monks/sages) such as Kank, Lomesh, Shringi, Angira were said to have lived here. The influence of Buddhism on the region started in the sixth century BC. The ancient history of Kanker records that it always remained an independent state. In 106 AD, the Kanker state was under the rule of the Satvahana dynasty and

2400-424: Is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now. The main crops are rice, maize, kodo-kutki and other small millets and pulses ( tuar and kulthi ); oilseeds, such as groundnuts (peanuts), soybeans and sunflowers are also grown. In the mid-1990s, most of Chhattisgarh was still a monocrop belt. Only one-fourth to one-fifth of

2496-426: Is of dry deciduous type. In Kanker district Sal, teak and mixed forests are found. Sal forests are found in the eastern part of the district, teak forests are found in the Bhanupratappur region and mixed forests are found in most of the area. In the mixed forest varieties of medicinal plants and other economically important plants such as Saja, Tendu, Dhaura, Bija, Harra and Mahua are found in abundance. About half of

2592-402: Is one of the biggest heavy industries of Chhattisgarh. Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai operated by SAIL , with a capacity of 5.4 million tonnes per year, is regarded as a significant growth indicator of the state. More than 100 steel rolling mills, 90 sponge iron plants, and ferro-alloy units are in Chhattisgarh. Along with Bhilai, today Jagdalpur, Raipur, Bilaspur, Korba and Raigarh have become

2688-652: Is one of the few states of India where the power sector is effectively developed. Based on the current production of surplus electric power, the position of the State is comfortable and profitable. The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB) is in a strong position to meet the electricity requirement of the state and is in good financial health. According to Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Chhattisgarh provides electricity to several other states because of surplus production. In Chhattisgarh, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) has Sipat Thermal Power Station with

2784-586: Is plentiful in the district, where it is used as a building material. In the Markatola and in Barchhegondi region aluminium-bearing Sillimanite /Kinite deposits have been identified. Some deposits of gold have been found in Sona Dehi, Michgaon and in certain other regions of Bhanupratappur Tehsil. At present some bauxite -based (aluminium) industries are functional in the district. Most of the forest in Kanker district

2880-597: Is the Mahanadi River. Hatkul, Chinar, Doodh, Sondur, Nakti, and Toori are the other rivers of the area. Bhanupratappur is located on the Kotri Plane. The majority of this plane lies at an elevation less than 400 meters above sea level. Korti and Valler are the main rivers of this area. The topography of Kanker district is also dotted with a multitude of hilly regions. These can be divided into the following three groups: A. Vindhyana Hill Group: These hill groups are spread in

2976-450: Is the chief river of the state. The other main rivers are Hasdeo (a tributary of Mahanadi), Rihand , Indravati , Jonk , Arpa and Shivnath . The state has the third largest forest by area in India. The state animal is the van bhainsa , or wild Asian buffalo . The state bird is the pahari myna , or hill myna . The state tree is the Sal (Sarai) found in Bastar division. Chhattisgarh has

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3072-428: Is the main tourist as well as pilgrimage site of the district. The famous temple of Goddess Bamleshwari , on a hilltop of 1,600 feet (490 m) in the town of Dongargarh, is referred to as Badi Bamleshwari. Another temple, at ground level, is situated about 1/2 km from the main temple complex. This temple is known as Chhoti Bamleshwari. Many hundreds of thousands of people from in and around Chhattisgarh flock to

3168-692: The Central Provinces and Berar . In 1906, Thakur Pyarelal Singh promoted the Swadeshi movement in the district. Later he helped organize mill workers in Rajnandgaon in a successful 34-day strike after the passage of the Rowlatt Act . For this he was punished by the authorities of Rajnandgaon state, but later wrote to the British agent to get the order cancelled. The people of the princely states participated in all

3264-570: The Chola dynasty in the 11th century. Eventually most of Chhattisgarh was consolidated under the Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom , who ruled central Chhattisgarh and held smaller kingdoms like Kanker under their authority. The Haihaiyavanshis continued to rule the region for 700 years until they were invaded by the Marathas in 1740 and came under their authority. Chhattisgarh was directly annexed to

3360-726: The Ganges , drains this area. The eastern end of the Satpura Range and the western edge of the Chota Nagpur Plateau form an east–west belt of hills that divide the Mahanadi River basin from the Indo-Gangetic plain. The outline of Chhattisgarh is like a sea horse. The central part of the state lies in the fertile upper basin of the Mahanadi and its tributaries, of which Shivnath River

3456-576: The Geological Survey of India , total reserves of non-coking coal (as of 1 January 2004) in Jhilimili Coalfield (up to a depth of 300m) was 267.10 million tonnes. The Sonhat is a large coal field representing one of the largest coal reserves in India having estimated reserves of 2.67 billion tonnes of coal . Kanker district The district's headquarters, Kanker town, is situated on

3552-664: The Nalas of Bastar at times, while others areas were controlled by the Vakatakas for periods in the 5th century CE. In the 6th century CE, the area was under the control of the Somavamshis . In the 7th century however, the territory fell back into Nala hands. In the 10th century CE, the Somavamshis returned to power. They were soon overthrown by the Kalachuris , who claimed Haihaiya origin. In

3648-625: The National Highway 30 almost halfway between Chhattisgarh's two major cities - Raipur , the state capital, and Jagdalpur , the headquarters of the neighbouring Bastar district . The history of Kanker begins in the Stone Age . According to the legendary Sanskrit epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata , there was once a dense forest area named Dandakaranya , in the region where Kanker

3744-550: The Sambalpur district was transferred to Odisha and the estates of Surguja were transferred from Bengal to Chhattisgarh. The area constituting the new state merged into Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 , and remained a part of that state for 44 years. Prior to that, the region was part of the Central Provinces and Berar (CP and Berar) under British rule. Some areas constituting

3840-503: The 12th and 13th centuries CE, the southern part of the district fell into the control of chieftains from Kanker. The Kalachuris or Haihaiyavansis continued ruling the district until the 18th century CE. Khairagarh and the northern part of the district was ruled by the Raj Gonds of Garha-Mandla. After the struggle of Rani Durgavati, these rulers, as well as the Kalachuris of Raipur who ruled

3936-549: The 3rd largest forest cover in the country. The state is surrounded by the forests in Madhya Pradesh (1st), Odisha (4th), Maharashtra (5th), Jharkhand and Telangana making it India's largest covered forests across state boundaries. There are multiple National Parks, Tiger Reserves across the state. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is UNESCO recognised Biosphere with total area of 383,551 hectares (3,835.51 square kilometres; 1,480.90 square miles) Chhattisgarh has

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4032-414: The Chhattisgarh plains and 2300 ha in Bastar plateau and northern hills. Due to this, the productivity of rice and other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now, though agriculture is the main occupation of more than 80% of the population. In the Chhattisgarh region, about 22% of the net cropped area

4128-441: The Chhattisgarh state were princely states under British rule , but were later on merged into Madhya Pradesh. The demand for Chhattisgarh to be a separate state first rose in the 1920s, with similar demands appearing at regular intervals; however, a well-organised movement was never initiated. Several all-party platforms were created and usually resolved around petitions, public meetings, seminars, rallies and strikes. The demand

4224-399: The Kanker district. Agriculture is the mainstay of people in the district. Even though large numbers of them are tribal, it is agriculture that sustains them for most of the year. Non-timber forest produce is another major source of income, as large tracts of the land are still forested. The tribes in many places practice Marham or Dippa. The farmers who live in the forest cut the trees before

4320-579: The Madai festival in respect of the goddess Kesharpal Kesharpalin Devi. In January, the people of Kanker, and the adjoining areas of Charama and Kurna, celebrate the Madai festival. In the month of February, the festival is celebrated in Bastar district and there the festival is celebrated in the respect of Cheri-Chher-Kin. At the end of February, the Madai festival goes to Antagarh, Narayanpur and Bhanupratappur, and in March it

4416-694: The Madhya Pradesh Assembly, where it was unanimously approved and then submitted to the Lok Sabha . The bill was passed in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha , which allowed the creation of the state of Chhattisgarh. K. R. Narayanan gave his consent to the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act on 25 August 2000 and the government of India set 1 November 2000 as the day Chhattisgarh would be separated from Madhya Pradesh. As such, Chhattisgarh

4512-603: The Mahanadi, has its source in the district, and flows through the central plain into Durg district. In the northwest, bordering Balaghat and Kabirdham districts, is the Maikal Hills , the eastern extension of the Satpuras . In the far south is the northernmost extension of the Bastar Plateau. Both the hills and plateau are sparsely populated with a majority-tribal population and retain thick forest cover, which has generally been lost in

4608-527: The Maratha Nagpur Kingdom in 1758 on the death of Mohan Singh , the last independent ruler of Chhattisgarh. Chhattisgarh was under Maratha Rule ( Bhonsles of Nagpur ) from 1741 to 1845. It came under British rule from 1845 to 1947 as the Chhattisgarh Division of the Central Provinces . Raipur gained prominence over the capital Ratanpur with the advent of the British in 1845. In 1905,

4704-646: The Marathas until the Third Anglo-Maratha War , when it fell into British hands. In 1818, Dongargarh revolted against the British, but was quickly crushed. The British balanced the accounts of the Marathas and then returned the territory to Maratha hands. Until 1836 it was administered by a series of subadars obedient to the Nagpur state. In 1853, Nagpur was annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse and Rajnandgaon fell under direct British administration under

4800-681: The Mela of Maa Bamleshwari and a lot of devotees visit during Mela period. Chotti mata mandir reconstruction in famous pink sandstone and marble stone. Pragyagiri , a famous Buddhist Vihara is another attraction of this district. Barfani dham at Rajnandgaon town is another place of pilgrims widely visited. Other places are: Ambagarh Chowki, Ambagarh Devi Mandir, Mongara Dem, Sankar Dahara Tipagarh Pahadi. 21°06′N 81°02′E  /  21.100°N 81.033°E  / 21.100; 81.033 Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh ( / ˈ tʃ æ t ɪ s ɡ ɑː r / ; Hindi: [ˈtʃʰət̪ːiːsgəɽʱ] )

4896-481: The Nanda - Mauryan ages, picked up at Akaltara and Thathari of the adjacent district of Bilaspur . Another major discovery was Sirpur of Chhattisgarh. Sitabenga caves are one of the earliest examples of theatre architecture in India located on Ramgarh hill of Chhattisgarh dated to Mauryan period of 3rd century BCE. Line1 Poets venerable by nature kindle the heart, who (.... lost ....) Line2 At

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4992-657: The Scheduled Castes population. The main Scheduled Tribes are the Gonds , other major tribes are the Kawar and Halba . These three tribes make up 97% of the total Scheduled Tribes population. Languages of Rajnandgaon district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 82.37% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi , 13.26% Hindi and 1.73% Marathi as their first language. A tehsil headquarters, Dongargarh,

5088-519: The abundance of Buddhism viharas and the other was ' Dakshina Kosala ' which became "Chhattisgarh" due to the inclusion of thirty-six strongholds. Another view, more popular with experts and historians, is that Chhattisgarh is the corrupted form of Chedisgarh meaning Raj or " Empire of the Chedis ". In ancient times, Chhattisgarh region had been part of the Chedi dynasty of Kalinga , in modern Odisha . In

5184-405: The country as a whole. Thus, irrigation has been growing at a very low rate in Chhattisgarh and the pace of irrigation is so slow, that it would take about 122 years to reach the 75% level of net irrigated area in Chhattisgarh at the present rate of growth. Chhattisgarh has a limited irrigation system, with dams and canals on some rivers. Average rainfall in the state is around 1400 mm and

5280-579: The dead person. The Gonds place the legs facing the south, in tombs. In some tribes they place a wooden pole in memory of the dead person. Among the tribes of Kanker and Bastar districts there is an important festival celebrated called Madai . This festival is a moving festival and moves throughout the Kanker, Bastar and Dantewada regions from December to March. The celebration of the festival starts in Bastar Region in December. On Poornima people celebrate

5376-467: The district, the Kanker and Charama blocks have a predominantly dry climate, whereas that of Bhanupratappur is of the wet type. The soil in Kanker originates from granite, gneiss, sand and khedar. Most of the area is covered with red soil. The soil is faintly coloured in the higher regions of the hilly tract, while in the river valleys, the soil is smooth and fertile. The soils of this district can be divided into four types. A. Kanhar: This type of soil

5472-599: The district. The physical area of Kanker is heterogeneous and is a mix between flat land and undulating hills. Most of the land is between 300 and 600 meters above sea level, and about 80% of the area of Kanker is flat. These flat lands can be divided into two parts, the Mahanadi Plane and the Kotri Plane. The northeastern part of Kanker is on the Mahanadi Plane. The majority of this plane lies at an elevation less than 500 meters above sea level. The main river in that area

5568-932: The district. Until the end of the Nala dynasty , the people were divided into four different castes , namely: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra. After the downfall of the Nal dynasty, many people came from outside and the main castes divided into sub-castes. There were around 62 castes in Bastar state and Kanker state. The tribes Maria, Gond, Ojha, Muria, Bhatra are divided into sub-caste San Bhatra, Pit Bhatra, Amnit Bhatra Amnit. These castes hold highest status. Parja, Gadva, Halba, Ganda, Mahra, Chandal, Ghuruva, Dom, Lohar, Matrigond, Rajgond, Dorla , Nahar, Naikpod, Kuduk, Andkuri, Kumhar, Kosta, Chamar, Kenvat, Dhakad, were important and in other castes Brahmin, Vaishya, Kayasth, Teli, Kalar, Kshtriya, Kunbi, Dhobi, Marathi, Mohammedan, Pathan, Telanga, Orria, Rohilla and others were important. About half of

5664-591: The downfall of the Kandra dynasty, the Chandra dynasty came. According to a myth, the first king of this dynasty was Veer Kanhar Dev. He ruled the state up to 1404. This dynasty ruled the state up to 1802. In more recent years, this district has been affected by violence from Naxalite groups ( Indian Maoists ). The Kanker state came under the control of the Bhosales of Nagpur during the reign of Bhoop Dev from 1809 to 1818. During

5760-676: The entire railway network spread over the state comes under the geographical jurisdiction of the South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways centred around Bilaspur , which is the zonal headquarters of this zone. Almost 85% of tracks are electrified, the non-electrified route is the Maroda–Bhanupratappur line from the Durg–Bhanupratappur branch line, which is 120 km long. The main railway junctions are Bilaspur Junction , Durg Junction , and Raipur, which

5856-507: The entire state falls under the rice agroclimatic zone. The Large variation in the yearly rainfall directly affects the production of rice. Irrigation is the prime need of the state for its overall development and therefore the state government has given top priority to the development of irrigation. A total of four major, 33 medium, and 2199 minor irrigation projects have been completed and five major, nine medium, and 312 minor projects are under construction, as of 31 March 2006. Chhattisgarh

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5952-443: The formation of a statewide political forum known as the Chhattisgarh Rajya Nirman Manch. The forum was led by Chandulal Chadrakar and several successful region-wide strikes and rallies were organised under it, all of which were supported by major political parties, such as the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party . The new National Democratic Alliance government sent the Separate Chhattisgarh Bill for approval by

6048-415: The king was Satkarni , This fact is also described by Chinese visitor Whensaung. After Satvahana rule, the state was under the control of the Nags, Vakataks , Gupt, Nal and Chalukya dynasties. The Som dynasty was founded by the king Singh Raj, and this dynasty ruled the state from 1125 to 1344. After the downfall of the Som dynasty, Dharam Dev founded the Kandra dynasty which ruled the state up to 1385. After

6144-399: The kingship of Narhari Deb, the Kanker state came under control of the British from Maratha. Because the British government gave the adoption to Narhar Dev, he acknowledged fealty to the British. In 1882, the control of Kanker State was handed over to Commissioner Raipur. The rule of Narhar Deo saw the construction of many buildings, including a palace near Gadiya Mountain, a printing press,

6240-524: The largest in India and the biggest man-made structure visible in satellite images of India. Major coal companies are SECL , Adani , Jindal which operate multiple coal mines across northeast Chhattisgarh. The Central India Coalfields are spread over the districts of Surguja , Koriya (both in Chhattisgarh), Shahdol and Umaria (both in Madhya Pradesh). The group covers an area of about 5,345 square kilometres (2,064 sq mi) with estimated reserves of 15,613.98 million tonnes. The deposits are at

6336-406: The major events of the Independence movement, including the Civil Disobedience Movement that saw the British officials pass orders to quell the movement. In 1939, the people of Rajnandgaon state launched a Forest Satyagraha, in which the police fired on protestors, killing one. The Rajnandgaon remained a Princely State in independent India. In 1948, the princely state and the capital city Rajnandgaon

6432-408: The medieval period up to 1803, a major portion of present eastern Chhattisgarh was part of the Sambalpur Kingdom of Odisha . During post Vedic period the Chhattisgarh region south-east to Daśārṇas was referred as Pulinda . Pulinda tribe were dominating tribe in this region. Surguja District of Chhattisgarh is notable for finding of Mauryan and Nanda period coins. Few gold and silver coins of

6528-412: The net sown area of the state is 4.828 million hectares and the gross sown area is 5.788 million hectares. Horticulture and animal husbandry also engage a major share of the total population of the state. About 80% of the population of the state is rural and the main livelihood of the villagers is agriculture and agriculture-based small industry. The majority of the farmers are still practicing

6624-405: The north, Bemetara , Durg and Balod districts in the east, Kanker district in the south, Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh and Gondia and Gadchiroli districts of Maharashtra in the west. Most of the district is in the Chhattisgarh plain. This plain comprises two watersheds: that of the Wainganga in the west, and that of the Mahanadi in the east. The Shivnath , main tributary of

6720-419: The northern region of the district, in the areas close to Sambalpur and Bhanupratappur. The climate of the district is of predominantly a “ Monsoon type”. May is the hottest month and December is the coolest month. Annual average rainfall in the district is 1492 mm, 90% of which falls during the period from June to October. The average annual rainfall has fluctuated greatly over the last six years. Within

6816-425: The only feasible option in the short to medium run is to increase employment in the main livelihood sector, which is agriculture. Diversification, intensification and stabilisation of agriculture are at the core of the challenge of livelihood promotion in the district. Kanker is rich in minerals. Iron ore , quartzite and garnet deposits are found in southern regions of the district, but mining of these minerals on

6912-480: The opinion of Hiralal, it is said that at one time there were 36 strongholds in this area, that is why its name was Chhattisgarh. But even after the increase in the number of strongholds, there was no change in the name, Chhattisgarh is the State of India which has been given the status of 'Mahtari' (Mother). There are two regions in India which are named for special reasons – one was ' Magadha ' which became " Bihar " due to

7008-625: The other in Sambalpur . He died on 8 January 1925. After his death, Bhanupratap Dev became the king. Bhanupratap Dev was the last king of Kanker before the Independence of India . After independence, he was elected twice as an MLA from Kanker constituency. What is now Kanker District was a part of old Bastar district. In 1999, Kanker received its identity as an independent district. It is now surrounded by five other districts of Chhattisgarh state: Kondagaon District , Dhamtari District , Balod District , Narayanpur and Rajnandgaon District . It

7104-430: The population is tribal, although in this modern era the culture has slightly changed. In all castes, people live as a joint family. All the families are male dominant. The oldest person is the head of the family and all other members obey his authority. The oldest person of the family has full authority on all financial matters. All sons have the same share in the family assets, however daughters have no share. In tribes,

7200-431: The rainy season and use the land for agriculture. After every two years they prepare a new farm and leave the old one fallow for some time. On the planes, the land is farm every year. Rice is the main crop but wheat, sugar cane, Gram, Kodo, Moong, Tilli, and maize other important crops. People also grow varieties of vegetables. Varieties of fruits such as mangoes, and bananas are also produced. About half of rural Kanker

7296-535: The region had indirect contact with the rest of the world. In the 4th century CE, Dakshina Kosala was one of the regions which was subdued by Samudra Gupta on his southern expedition. However it was unlikely the Guptas ever directly controlled this territory south of the Mahanadi, rather the local rulers acknowledged Gupta overlordship. Gupta coins have been found in Dakshina Kosala. Parts of the region were controlled by

7392-401: The rest of the district. According to the 2011 census Rajnandgaon district has a population of 1,537,133, roughly equal to the nation of Gabon or the US state of Hawaii . This gives it a ranking of 325th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 191 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011

7488-414: The rest of the nation. It also has the third largest forest cover in the country after Madhya Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh with over 40% of the state covered by forests. There are several theories as to the origin of the name Chhattisgarh , which in ancient times was known as Dakshina Kosala (South Kosala), the native place of Rama 's mother Kausalya . "Chhattisgarh" was popularised later during

7584-399: The shrine during the navratris of Kavar (during Dussera ) and Chaitra (during Ramnavmi). During these navratris, melas (fairs) which run 24 hours are organised in the premises of the temple. Another site of interest is the ancient place of Mata Sheetala Devi Shakti Peetha. This temple, which dates from 2200 years ago, lies 1.5 km from the railway station. The Mandir Trust has organised

7680-418: The south eastern part of Kanker district, where the soil constitutes six phases of quartile and sand. B. Archian Hill Groups: 95% of the area of Kanker is covered by Archian Hill Group. In this area, granite and gneiss rocks are spread over almost all the geographical area of the district. C. Dharwar Hill Group: This hill group is very crude and broken in shape and form. These hills are spread all over

7776-654: The southern part of the district, became vassals of the Mughals. In 1742, the Marathas under the Bhonsles of Napur invaded Chhattisgarh. The Maratha general, Bhaskar Pant, quickly overthrew the last king of the Haihaiyavansis and took over what is now Rajnandagaon district. In 1753, the Bhonsles of Nagpur confiscated all the territory that is now Chhattisgarh, and Raghoji gave the area to his son, Bimbaji, who ruled it virtually independently. The territory continued to be controlled by

7872-417: The sown area was double-cropped. When a very substantial portion of the population is dependent on agriculture, a situation where nearly 80% of a state's area is covered only by one crop, immediate attention to turn them into double crop areas is needed. Also, very few cash crops are grown in Chhattisgarh, so there is a need to diversify the agricultural produce towards oilseeds and other cash crops. Chhattisgarh

7968-464: The steel hub of Chhattisgarh. Today, Raipur and Jagdalpur has become the centre of the steel sector, the biggest market for steel in India. The aluminium industry of Chhattisgarh was established by the erstwhile Bharat Aluminium Company (now Vedanta Resources ) in Korba, Chhattisgarh , which has a capacity of around 5,700,000 tonnes each year. Gevra, Dipka, Kusmunda open cast coal mines in Korba are

8064-428: The swing-festival of the vernal full-moon, when frolics and music abound, people thus tie (....lost...) thick with jasmine flowers. Jogimara caves contain ancient Brahmi inscription and the oldest painting known in India. The inscription can be translated as either a love proclamation by a girl or a dancer-painter creating a cave theatre together. In ancient times, this region was known as Dakshina Kosala . This area

8160-596: The time of the 2011 Census of India , 60.76% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi , 17.06% Gondi , 13.10% Bengali , 5.71% Hindi and 1.71% Halbi as their first language. The district headquarters of Kanker is 140 kilometers from Raipur and 160 kilometers from Jagadalpur . In 2018, the district got its first railway station in the form of Bhanupratappur railway station . Daily DEMU services connect Keoti and Bhanupratappur to Raipur. The Mahanadi River , Doodh River, Hatkul River, Sondur River and Turu River all flow through small pockets of hills in

8256-894: The time of the Maratha Empire and was first used in an official document in 1795. The bastar region is referred previously as Chakrakotya and Cakkarakoṭṭam . The most popular theory claims that Chhattisgarh takes its name from the 36 ancient forts (from chhattis meaning thirty-six and garh meaning fort ) in the area. The old state had 36 demesnes (feudal territories): Ratanpur , Vijaypur, Kharound, Maro, Kautgarh, Nawagarh , Sondhi, Aukhar, Padarbhatta, Semriya, Champa, Lafa, Chhuri, Kenda, Matin, Aparora, Pendra, Kurkuti-kandri, Raipur, Patan, Simaga, Singarpur, Lavan, Omera, Durg, Saradha, Sirasa, Menhadi, Khallari, Sirpur, Figeswar, Rajim, Singhangarh, Suvarmar, Tenganagarh and Akaltara. However, most historians disagree with this theory as 36 forts have not been found and identified. According to

8352-405: The total population is Kanker district is tribal. Accordingly, most of the culture of Kanker district is tribal, even though an interplay/fusion with other cultures is clearly visible. The chief languages or dialects used in the Kanker district are Hindi, Bengali , Chhattisgarhi , Gondi and Halbi . There were times when Halbi was an important language; at one time all of the administrative work

8448-434: The traditional methods of cultivation, resulting in low growth rates and productivity. The farmers have to be made aware of modern technologies suitable to their holdings. Providing adequate knowledge to the farmers is essential for a better implementation of the agricultural development plans and to improve productivity. Considering this and a very limited irrigated area, the productivity of not only rice but also other crops

8544-457: The women play an important role. Like all other cultured castes, the marriage ceremony is very important to the tribes of Kanker. Among the tribes, if any woman chooses a new husband, then the new husband gives money to the old husband as 'compensation allowance'. This compensation is settled by the leader of caste. Re-marriage of widows is also popular among tribes. In Halbas no widow may be married with any unmarried person. In some tribes, there

8640-481: Was 19.82%. Rajnandgaon has a sex ratio of 1017 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.97%. After bifurcation the district had a population of 884,742, of which 219,688 (24.83%) live in urban areas. The residual district has a sex ratio of 1010 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 95,782 (10.83%) and 174,731 (19.75%) of the population respectively. The main Scheduled Castes are Chamar and Mahar , which make up 91% of

8736-416: Was done in that language. Halbi is a compound form of Hindi. Bhatri is the main branch of Halbi language. There are a lot of words taken in this language from other languages including Sanskrit, Hindi, Arabic, and Persian . Like Hindi, Halbi also has two genders, masculine and feminine, but the feminine is used more. The other languages such as Bengali, Telugu and Odia are also spoken in some parts of

8832-528: Was formed from Madhya Pradesh. The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a fertile plain . The highest point in the state is the Gaurlata near Samri, Balrampur-Ramanujganj district. Deciduous forests of the Eastern Highlands Forests cover roughly 44% of the state. In the north lies the edge of the great Indo-Gangetic plain . The Rihand River , a tributary of

8928-453: Was granted statehood on 1 November 2000 with Raipur as the designated state capital. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. Its Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is ₹ 5.09 lakh crore (US$ 61 billion) (2023–24 est.), with a per capita GSDP of ₹ 152,348 (US$ 1,800) (2023–24 est.). A resource-rich state, it has the third largest coal reserves in the country and provides electricity, coal, and steel to

9024-481: Was merged into the Durg District of Madhya Bharat, later Madhya Pradesh . Rajnandgaon district was carved out from the erstwhile Durg district on 26 January 1973. Later, Kabirdham district was carved out from this district on 1 July 1998. It is a part of the Red Corridor . The collector of Rajnandgaon is Shri Doman Singh. The district covers an area of 8222 km. The district borders Kabirdham district in

9120-630: Was raised by the Raipur Congress unit in 1924 and was also discussed in the Indian Congress at Tripuri . A discussion about forming a Regional Congress organisation for Chhattisgarh took place. In 1954, when the State Reorganisation Commission was set up, the demand was put forward but was rejected. In 1955, the demand was raised in the Nagpur assembly of Madhya Bharat . In the 1990s, the demand became more prominent, resulting in

9216-524: Was under irrigation as compared to 36.5% in Madhya Pradesh in 1998–99, whereas the average national irrigation was about 40%. The irrigation is characterised by a high order of variability ranging from 1.6% in Bastar to 75.0% in Dhamtari. Based on an average growth trend in the irrigated area, about 0.43% of additional area is brought under irrigation every year as compared to 1.89% in Madhya Pradesh and 1.0% in

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