Rainbow Fraternity , also known as Mystic Sons of Iris and W.W.W. Society , was a United States–based fraternity founded in the antebellum south that merged with Delta Tau Delta in 1886.
103-521: Rainbow Fraternity was founded at the University of Mississippi in 1848 by seven students who had recently transferred from La Grange Synodical College , now a defunct college in Tennessee. The seven founders were John Bayliss Earle, John Bannister Herring, James Hamilton Mason, Robert Muldrow, Joshua Long Halbert, Marlborough Pegues, and Drew William Bynum. Officially, the founders called their organization
206-462: A Georgian architectural style ; some of the newer buildings have a more contemporary architecture. At the campus' center is " The Circle ", which consists of eight academic buildings organized around an ovaloid common. The buildings include the Lyceum (1848), the "Y" Building (1853), and six later buildings constructed in a Neoclassical Revival style. The Lyceum was the first building on the campus and
309-584: A statue of Meredith was dedicated on campus. Two years later, the site of the 1962 riots was designated as a National Historic Landmark . The university also held a yearlong program to mark the 50th anniversary of integration in 2012. The university hosted the first presidential debate of 2008 —the first presidential debate held in Mississippi—between Senators John McCain and Barack Obama . Ole Miss retired its mascot Colonel Reb in 2003, citing its Confederate imagery. Although
412-528: A bachelor's degree, students must have at least 120 semester hours with passing grades and a cumulative 2.0 GPA. The university also offers graduate degrees such as PhDs and masters of art, science, and fine arts. The university maintains the Mississippi Teacher Corps , a free graduate program that educates teachers for critical-needs public schools. Taylor Medals, which were first awarded in 1905, are presented to exceptional students nominated by
515-401: A coat of many colors. With this coat she actually creates the rainbows she rides to get from place to place. Iris' wings were said to be so beautiful that she could even light up a dark cavern, a trait observable from the story of her visit to Somnus in order to relay a message to Alcyone . While Iris was principally associated with communication and messages, she was also believed to aid in
618-413: A few traces surviving from the island of Delos . In ancient art, Iris is depicted as a winged young woman carrying a caduceus , the symbol of the messengers, and a pitcher of water for the gods. Iris was traditionally seen as the consort of Zephyrus , the god of the west wind and one of the four Anemoi , by whom she is the mother of Pothos in some versions. The ancient Greek noun Ἶρις means both
721-487: A gathering of segregationist students before the Lyceum became a violent mob. Segregationist rioters threw Molotov cocktails and bottles of acid , and fired guns at federal marshals and reporters. 160 marshals would be injured, with 28 receiving gunshot wounds, and two civilians—French journalist Paul Guihard and Oxford repairman Ray Gunter—were killed by gunfire. Eventually, 13,000 soldiers arrived in Oxford and quashed
824-528: A grass-roots movement to adopt Star Wars character Admiral Ackbar of the Rebel Alliance gained significant support, Rebel Black Bear , a reference to Faulkner's short story The Bear , was selected in 2010. The Bear was replaced with another mascot, Tony the Landshark , in 2017. Beginning in 2022, football coach Lane Kiffin 's dog Juice became the de facto mascot. In 2015, the university removed
927-400: A lesser-known narrative, Iris once came close to being raped by the satyrs after she attempted to disrupt their worship of Dionysus , perhaps at the behest of Hera . About fifteen black-and-red-figure vase paintings dating from the fifth century BC depict said satyrs either menacingly advancing toward or getting hold of her when she tries to interfere with the sacrifice. In another cup, Iris
1030-506: A new chapter of Phi Delta Theta, while the members of the Texas chapter were simply initiated into the existing Phi Delta Theta chapter on that campus. Three other Rainbow chapters, at the University of Tennessee, Emory and Henry College , and Chamberlain-Hunt Academy were unwanted by Delta Tau Delta and Rainbow Fraternity withdrew the charters from those chapters so they would not be included in
1133-597: A research park that "welcomes companies commercializing University of Mississippi research". Honors education at the University of Mississippi, consisting of lectures by distinguished academics, began in 1953. In 1974, this program became the University Scholars Program, and in 1983, the University Honors Program was created and honors-core courses were offered. In 1997, Netscape CEO Jim Barksdale and wife Sally donated $ 5.4 million to establish
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#17330853589941236-520: A single finger, Iris touched Hersilia and transformed her into an immortal goddess. Hersilia flew to Olympus, where she became one of the Horae and was permitted to live with her husband forevermore. According to the lost epic Cypria by Stasinus , it was Iris who informed Menelaus , who had sailed off to Crete , of what had happened back in Sparta while he was gone, namely his wife Helen 's elopement with
1339-414: A smaller organization led by a student director. A Phi Beta Kappa chapter was established in 2001. Approximately 5,300 students live on campus in thirteen residence halls, two residential colleges, and two apartment complexes. Students are required to live on-campus during their first year. Within residence halls, students designated as community assistants provide information and resolve issues. In
1442-463: A son named Pothos , or alternatively they were the parents of Eros , the god of love, according to sixth century BC Greek lyric poet Alcaeus , though Eros is usually said to be the son of Ares and Aphrodite . According to the Dionysiaca of Nonnus , Iris' brother is Hydaspes . She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. Iris links the gods to humanity . She travels with
1545-615: A tribute to the number of its founders, and no man from a northern state could be initiated. The low membership count that resulted led Rainbow Fraternity's to dormancy during the American Civil War . It was revived at the University of Mississippi, after the close of hostilities, spreading to several other schools in the south , and no longer confined by a membership cap. On December 16, 1884, representatives from Rainbow Fraternity and Delta Tau Delta met in Nashville, Tennessee to finalize
1648-483: A type of cake of wheat-flour, suet, and honey, boiled up together. Iris had numerous poetic titles and epithets , including chrysopteros ( χρυσόπτερος "golden winged"), podas ōkea ( πόδας ὠκέα "swift footed") or podēnemos ōkea ( ποδήνεμος ὠκέα "wind-swift footed"), roscida ("dewy", Latin), and Thaumantias or Thaumantis ( Θαυμαντιάς , Θαυμαντίς , "Daughter of Thaumas, Wondrous One"), aellopus ( ἀελλόπους "storm-footed, storm-swift). She also watered
1751-472: A word for the ritualized pregame revelry ... 'Tailgating' certainly does not do it justice". The tradition began in 1991 when cars were banned from the Grove. Prior to each game, over 2,000 red-and-blue trash cans are placed throughout the Grove. This event is known as "Trash Can Friday". Each barrel marks a tailgating spot. The spots are claimed by tailgaters, who erect a "tent city" of 2,500 shelters. Many of
1854-433: Is 85.7 percent. In 2020, the student body included over 1,100 transfer students. Are You Ready? Hell Yeah! Damn Right! Hotty Toddy, Gosh Almighty, Who The Hell Are We? Hey! Flim Flam, Bim Bam Ole Miss By Damn! A common greeting on campus is "Hotty Toddy!", which is also used in the school chant. The phrase has no explicit meaning and its origin is unknown. The chant was first published in 1926, but "Hotty Toddy"
1957-476: Is a daughter of the gods Thaumas and Electra , the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods, a servant to the Olympians and especially Queen Hera . Iris appears in several stories carrying messages from and to the gods or running errands but has no unique mythology of her own. Similarly, very little to none of a historical cult and worship of Iris is attested in surviving records, with only
2060-458: Is closely associated with writer William Faulkner and owns and manages his former Oxford home Rowan Oak , which with other on-campus sites Barnard Observatory and Lyceum–The Circle Historic District , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Ole Miss is classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". It is one of 33 institutions participating in
2163-477: Is depicted being assaulted by the satyrs, who apparently are trying to prevent Iris from stealing sacrificial meat from the altar of Dionysus, who is also present in the scene. On the other side, the satyrs are attacking Hera, who stands between Hermes and Heracles. The ancient playwright Achaeus wrote Iris , a now lost satyr play , which might have been the source of those vases' subject. In Euripides ' play Heracles Gone Mad , Iris appears alongside Lyssa ,
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#17330853589942266-561: Is frequently depicted on vases and in bas-reliefs, few statues are known to have been made of Iris during antiquity. She was however depicted in sculpture on the west pediment of Parthenon in Athens . Iris does appear to have been the object of at least some minor worship, but the only trace preserved of her cult is the note by Athenaeus in Scholars at Dinner that the people of Delos sacrificed to Iris, offering her cheesecakes called basyniae ,
2369-682: Is located on campus. In addition to conducting research, the NCPA houses the Acoustical Society of America 's archives. The university also operates the University of Mississippi Field Station, which includes 223 research ponds and supports long-term ecological research, and hosts the Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research and the Mississippi Law Research Institute. In 2012, the university completed Insight Park ,
2472-474: Is the College of Liberal Arts. Graduate schools include a law school, a school of business administration, an engineering school, and a medical school. The University of Mississippi's chief administrative officer is the chancellor , a position Glenn Boyce has held since 2019. The chancellor is supported by vice-chancellors who administer areas such as research and intercollegiate athletics. The provost oversees
2575-568: The Public Accounting Report . Since 2012, the Chronicle of Higher Education has named the University of Mississippi as one of the "Great Colleges to Work For". In the 2018 results, released in the Chronicle ' s annual report on "The Academic Workplace", the university was among 84 institutions honored from the 253 colleges and universities surveyed. In 2018, the university's campus
2678-643: The Center for the Study of Southern Culture . Its athletic teams compete as the Ole Miss Rebels in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's (NCAA) Division I Southeastern Conference . The university's alumni, faculty, and affiliates include 27 Rhodes Scholars , 10 governors , 5 US senators , a head of government , and a Nobel Prize Laureate . Other alumni have received accolades in
2781-613: The Harpies to the Strophades ("Islands of Turning"). The brothers had driven off the monsters from their torment of the prophet Phineus , but did not kill them upon the request of Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the Harpies again. After King Creon of Thebes forbade the burial of the dead Argive soldiers who had raised their arms against Thebes, Hera ordered Iris to moisturize their dead bodies with dew and ambrosia. In
2884-648: The Mississippi State Flag , which included the Confederate battle emblem, and in 2020, it relocated a prominent Confederate monument. The University of Mississippi's Oxford campus is partially located in Oxford and partially in University, Mississippi , a census-designated place . The main campus is situated at an altitude of around 500 feet (150 m), and has expanded from one square mile (260 ha) of land to around 1,200 acres (1.9 sq mi; 490 ha). The campus' buildings are largely designed in
2987-709: The Oceanid Electra and the sister of the Harpies : Arke and Ocypete . During the Titanomachy , Iris was the messenger of the Olympian gods while her sister Arke betrayed the Olympians and became the messenger of the gods' enemy, the Titans . She is the goddess of the rainbow. She also serves nectar to the goddesses and gods to drink. Zephyrus , who is the god of the west wind, is often said to be her consort. Together they had
3090-547: The River Styx , with which she puts to sleep all who perjure themselves. In Book XXIII, she delivers Achilles's prayer to Boreas and Zephyrus to light the funeral pyre of Patroclus . In the last book, Zeus sends Iris to King Priam , to tell him that he should go to the Achaean camp alone and ransom the body of his slain son Hector from Achilles . Iris swiftly delivers the message to Priam and returns to Olympus. According to
3193-621: The Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College (SMBHC), which provides a capstone project—a senior thesis—and endowed scholarships. In 1977, the university established its Center for the Study of Southern Culture with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities , which is housed in the College of Liberal Arts. The center provides for interdisciplinary studies of Southern history and culture . In 2000,
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3296-575: The Trojan Prince Paris as well as the death of Helen's brother Castor . Iris is frequently mentioned as a divine messenger in The Iliad , which is attributed to Homer . She does not, however, appear in The Odyssey , where her role is instead filled by Hermes . Like Hermes, Iris carries a caduceus or winged staff. By command of Zeus , the king of the gods, she carries a ewer of water from
3399-819: The United States Director of National Intelligence designated CISS as an Intelligence Community Center of Academic Excellence (CAE), becoming one of 29 such college programs in the United States. Other special programs include the Haley Barbour Center for Manufacturing Excellence—established jointly by the university and Toyota in 2008—and the Chinese Language Flagship Program ( simplified Chinese : 中文旗舰项目 ; traditional Chinese : 中文旗艦項目 ; pinyin : Zhōngwén Qíjiàn Xiàngmù ). The Croft Institute for International Studies , which
3502-707: The University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) was established on a 164-acre (66 ha) site in Jackson, Mississippi , and the School of Medicine was relocated there. A nursing school was established in 1956 and since then, other health-related schools have been added. As of 2021 , UMMC offers medical and graduate degrees. In addition to the medical center, the university has satellite campuses in Booneville, DeSoto, Grenada, Rankin, and Tupelo. The University of Mississippi consists of 15 schools. The largest undergraduate school
3605-445: The University of Mississippi Museum , which comprises collections of American fine art, Classical antiquities, and Southern folk art, as well as historic properties in Oxford. Ole Miss also owns University-Oxford Airport , which is located north of the main campus. North Mississippi Japanese Supplementary School, a Japanese weekend school , is operated in conjunction with Ole Miss, with classes held on campus. It opened in 2008 and
3708-465: The rainbow and the halo of the Moon . An inscription from Corinth provides evidence for an original form Ϝῖρις ( wîris ) with a digamma that was eventually dropped. The noun seems to be of pre-Greek origin. A Proto-Indo-European pre-form *uh 2 i-r-i- has been suggested, although Beekes finds it 'hard to motivate.' According to Hesiod 's Theogony , Iris is the daughter of Thaumas and
3811-498: The " Homeric Hymn to Apollo ", when Leto was in labor prior to giving birth to her twin children Apollo and Artemis , all the goddesses were in attendance except for two, Hera and Eileithyia , the goddess of childbirth. On the ninth day of her labor, Leto told Iris to bribe Eileithyia and ask for her help in giving birth to her children, without allowing Hera to find out. According to Callimachus , Iris along with Ares ordered, on Hera 's orders, all cities and other places to shun
3914-525: The 1930s, the many building projects at the campus were largely funded by the Public Works Administration and other federal entities. Among the notable buildings built in this period is the dual-domed Kennon Observatory (1939). Two large modern buildings—the Ole Miss Union (1976) and Lamar Hall (1977)—caused controversy by diverging from the university's traditional architecture. In 1998,
4017-616: The 1961 inauguration of President John F. Kennedy , James Meredith —an African American Air Force veteran and former student at Jackson State University —applied to the University of Mississippi. After months of obstruction by Mississippi officials, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered Meredith's enrollment, and the Department of Justice under Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy entered the case on Meredith's behalf. On three occasions, either governor Ross R. Barnett or lieutenant governor Paul B. Johnson Jr. physically blocked Meredith's entry to
4120-420: The 2023–2024 academic year, the student body consists of 18,533 undergraduates and 2,264 in graduate programs. Around 57 percent of the undergraduate student body were female. As of Fall 2023, minorities composed 23.5 percent of the body. The median family income of students is $ 116,600, and over half of students come from the top 20 percent. According to The New York Times , the University of Mississippi has
4223-612: The 33 colleges and universities participating in the National Sea Grant Program and participates in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program . Since 1948, the university has been a member of the Oak Ridge Associated Universities . In 1963, University of Mississippi Medical Center surgeons, led by James Hardy , performed the world's first human lung transplant, and in 1964
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4326-600: The ASB Senate in the spring semester and leftover seats are voted on in open-seat elections in the fall. Senators can represent registered student organizations such as the Greek councils and sports clubs, or they can run to represent their academic school. The University of Mississippi's marching band The Pride of the South performs in-concert and at athletic events. The band was formally organized in 1928, but it existed before that date as
4429-554: The Delts. The heart of the question is whether the charters of Tennessee, Emory and Henry, and Chamberlain-Hunt had been legitimately revoked. The secret nature of the Rainbow constitution makes a more thorough assessment impossible. During its existence, Rainbow Fraternity had also chartered chapters at Wofford College , Furman University , Erskine College , Southern Presbyterian University, and Neophogen College . All of these were inactive by
4532-512: The Gertrude C. Ford Foundation donated $ 20 million to establish the Gertrude C. Ford Center for the Performing Arts, which was the first building on campus to be solely dedicated to the performing arts. As of 2020, the university was constructing a 202,000-square-foot (18,800 m ) STEM facility, the largest single construction project in the campus' history. The university owns and operates
4635-467: The Mystic Sons of Iris. In Greek mythology, Iris was the personification and deity of the rainbow, and the group's founders went to great lengths to incorporate symbolism connected to the rainbow of Iris into the fraternity's emblems and constitution. The original constitution, for example, was divided and subdivided into sections of seven (for the seven colors of the rainbow). There were seven officers for
4738-672: The National Sea Grant Program and also participates in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program. Its research efforts include the National Center for Physics Acoustics, the National Center for Natural Products Research, and the Mississippi Center for Supercomputing Research. The university operates the country's only federally contracted Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cannabis facility. It also operates interdisciplinary institutes such as
4841-760: The SEC Symposium on renewable energy in Atlanta , Georgia, which was organized and led by the University of Georgia and the UGA Bioenergy Systems Research Institute . In 2021, actor Morgan Freeman and Professor Linda Keena donated $ 1 million to the University of Mississippi to create the Center for Evidence-Based Policing and Reform, which will provide law-enforcement training and seek to improve engagement between law enforcement and communities. In U.S. News & World Report ' s 2023 rankings,
4944-473: The Sarah Isom Center for Women and Gender Studies was established in her honor. The university's byname "Ole Miss" was first used in 1897, when it won a contest of suggestions for a yearbook title. The term originated as a title domestic slaves used to distinguish the mistress of a plantation from "young misses". Fringe origin theories include it coming from a diminutive of "Old Mississippi", or from
5047-593: The United States. The National Institute on Drug Abuse contracts to the university production of cannabis for use in approved research studies and for distribution to the seven surviving medical marijuana patients grandfathered into the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program . The facility is the only source of marijuana medical researchers can use to conduct Food and Drug Administration -approved tests. The National Center for Physics Acoustics (NCPA), which Congress established in 1986,
5150-549: The University of Mississippi was one of 131 colleges and universities that participated in the national V-12 Navy College Training Program , which offered students a path to a Navy commission. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Eight years after the Brown decision, all attempts by African American applicants to enroll had failed. Shortly after
5253-484: The University of Mississippi was tied for 163rd place among national universities and 88th among public universities. In 2023, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked the professional MBA program at the School of Business Administration #72 nationally, and the online MBA program in the top 25. As of 2018 , all three degree programs at the Patterson School of Accountancy were among the top 10 accounting programs according to
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#17330853589945356-511: The arts such as Emmy Awards , Grammy Awards , and Pulitzer Prizes . Its medical center performed the first human lung transplant and animal-to-human heart transplant . The Mississippi Legislature chartered the University of Mississippi on February 24, 1844. Planners selected an isolated, rural site in Oxford as a "sylvan exile" that would foster academic studies and focus. In 1845, residents of Lafayette County donated land west of Oxford for
5459-415: The board consists of 12 members, who serve staggered nine-year terms and represent the state's three Supreme Court Districts. The board appoints the commissioner of higher education, who administers its policies. As of April 2021 , the University of Mississippi's endowment was $ 775 million. The university's budget for fiscal year 2019 was over $ 540 million. Less than 13% of operating revenues are funded by
5562-417: The board of trustees awarded Barnard a doctorate of divinity . Within six months, the campus had been converted into a Confederate hospital; the Lyceum was used as the hospital and a building that had stood on the modern-day site of Farley Hall operated as its morgue. In November 1862, the campus was evacuated as General Ulysses S. Grant 's Union forces approached. Although Kansan troops destroyed much of
5665-402: The board was the university head's title being changed to "chancellor". Barnard was a Massachusetts-born graduate of Yale University ; his northern background and Union sympathies made his position contentious—a student assaulted his slave and the state legislature investigated him. Following the election of US President Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Mississippi became the second state to secede;
5768-471: The campus and the following year, architect William Nichols oversaw construction of an academic building called the Lyceum , two dormitories, and faculty residences. On November 6, 1848, the university, offering a classical curriculum, opened to its first class of 80 students, most of whom were children of elite slaveholders, all of whom were white, and all but one of whom were from Mississippi. For 23 years,
5871-600: The campus. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held both Barnett and Johnson Jr. in contempt, and issued fines exceeding $ 10,000 for each day they refused to enroll Meredith. On September 30, 1962, President Kennedy dispatched 127 U.S. Marshals , 316 deputized U.S. Border Patrol agents, and 97 federalized Federal Bureau of Prisons personnel to escort Meredith. After nightfall, far-right former Major General Edwin Walker and outside agitators arrived, and
5974-400: The chancellor declared that he and the entire faculty would resign rather than admit "negro" students. In 1882, the university began admitting women but they were not permitted to live on campus or attend law school. In 1885, the University of Mississippi hired Sarah McGehee Isom , becoming the first southeastern US college to hire a female faculty member. Nearly 100 years later, in 1981,
6077-452: The chapter, each of which wore the fraternity's emblem enameled with one of the rainbow's colors. The ritual of initiation, too, contained seven portions, or degrees. Due to these associations, the Mystic Sons of Iris quickly came to be called simply Rainbow Fraternity or the W.W.W. Society. Its second chapter came in the form of a colony at La Grange Synodical College. The fraternity initially would only accept seven members at any one time,
6180-399: The clouds with her pitcher, obtaining the water from the sea. Iris is represented either as a rainbow or as a beautiful young maiden with wings on her shoulders. As a goddess, Iris is associated with communication , messages , the rainbow, and new endeavors. This personification of a rainbow was once described as being a link to the heavens and earth. In some texts she is depicted wearing
6283-542: The company of Olympians to join the Titans as their own messenger goddess, so the two sisters found each other on opposite camps during the battle. After the war was won by the Olympian leader Zeus and his allies, Zeus punished Arke by tearing her wings from her and in time gave them as a gift to the Nereid Thetis at her wedding to Peleus , who in turn gave them to her son, Achilles , who wore them on his feet. Achilles
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#17330853589946386-578: The consolidation. In the end, the Delta Tau Delta-Rainbow merger resulted in the larger fraternity only acquiring the Rainbow chapters at the University of Mississippi and Vanderbilt University, a process that became official in early 1886. At least one observer at the time questioned whether the Rainbow Fraternity had, in fact, merged with Delta Tau Delta or it was rather the case that two of its chapters had simply bolted Rainbow Fraternity for
6489-488: The early 20th century, the university provided cottages for married students. In 1947, Vet Village was constructed to room the surge in World War II veteran applicants. Iris (mythology) In ancient Greek religion and mythology , Iris ( / ˈ aɪ r ɪ s / ; EYE -riss ; Ancient Greek : Ἶρις , romanized : Îris , lit. 'rainbow,' Ancient Greek : [îːris] )
6592-434: The earth barren, causing a great famine that killed off mortals, and as a result sacrifices to the gods ceased. Zeus then sent Iris to Demeter, calling her to join the other gods and lift her curse; but as her daughter was not returned, Demeter was not persuaded. In one narrative, after Leto and her children pleaded with Zeus to release Prometheus from his torment, Zeus relented, and sent Iris to order Heracles to free
6695-473: The faculty. The medals are named in honor of Marcus Elvis Taylor , who graduated in 1871 and are given to less than one percent of each class. Ole Miss is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , the university spent $ 137 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 142nd in the nation. It is one of
6798-461: The form of a Trojan woman, stirs up the other Trojan mothers to set fire to four of Aeneas' ships in order to prevent them from leaving Sicily. According to the Roman poet Ovid , after Romulus was deified as the god Quirinus , his wife Hersilia pleaded with the gods to let her become immortal as well so that she could be with her husband once again. Juno heard her plea and sent Iris down to her. With
6901-489: The goddess of madness and insanity, cursing Heracles with the fit of madness in which he kills his three sons and his wife Megara . Iris also prepared the bed of Zeus and Hera. Unlike the other prominent messenger god of the Greeks, Hermes, Iris did not play a large part in the ancient Greek religion and was rarely worshipped. There are no known temples, shrines, or sanctuaries to Iris, or festivals held in her honour. While she
7004-510: The humans must sacrifice to. After Pisetaerus threatens to rape her, Iris scolds him for his foul language and leaves, warning him that Zeus, whom she refers to as her father, will deal with him and make him pay. Iris also appears several times in Virgil 's Aeneid , usually as an agent of Juno . In Book 4, Juno dispatches her to pluck a lock of hair from the head of Queen Dido , so that she may die and enter Hades. In book 5, Iris, having taken on
7107-413: The inaugural Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Conference in 1974. In 1980, Willie Morris became the university's first writer in residence. In 2002, Ole Miss marked the 40th anniversary of integration with a yearlong series of events, including an oral history of the university, symposiums, a memorial, and a reunion of federal marshals who served at the campus. In 2006, the 44th anniversary of integration,
7210-577: The medical equipment, a lone remaining professor persuaded Grant against burning the campus. Grant's forces left after three weeks and the campus returned to being a Confederate hospital. Over the war's course, more than 700 soldiers were buried on campus. The University of Mississippi reopened in October 1865. To avoid rejecting veterans, the university lowered admission standards and decreased costs by eliminating tuition and allowing students to live off-campus. The student body remained entirely white: in 1870
7313-411: The merger with Delta Tau Delta. As the terms of the compact became clearer, however, members began to have doubts. Rainbows at the University of Texas contacted their brothers at Southwestern and suggested both houses surrender their charters and defect to Phi Delta Theta , which had indicated it would be receptive to absorbing the displaced Rainbow members. In doing so, the Southwestern chapter became
7416-484: The name of the "Ole Miss" train that ran from Memphis to New Orleans . Within two years, students and alumni were using "Ole Miss" to refer to the university. Between 1900 and 1930, the Mississippi Legislature introduced bills aiming to relocate, close, or merge the university with Mississippi State University . All such legislation failed. During the 1930s, the governor of Mississippi Theodore G. Bilbo
7519-509: The now-voluntary literary societies diminished. Turn-of-the-20th-century student organizations included Cotillion Club, the elite Stag Club, and German Club. In the 1890s, the local YMCA began publishing a list of the organizations in the M-Book . As of 2021, the handbook was still provided to students. The Associated Student Body (ASB), which was established in 1917, is the university's student government organization. Students are elected to
7622-477: The pregnant Leto and deny her shelter where she could bring forth her twins. After Asteria , now transformed into the island of Delos , offered shelter to Leto, Iris flew back to Hera to inform her that Leto had been allowed to give birth due to Asteria defying Hera's orders, and took her seat beside Hera. According to Apollonius Rhodius , Iris turned back the Argonauts Zetes and Calais , who had pursued
7725-553: The riot. One-third of the federal officers—166 men—were injured, as were 40 federal soldiers and National Guardsmen. More than 30,000 personnel were deployed, alerted, and committed in Oxford—the most in American history for a single disturbance. Meredith enrolled and attended a class on October 1. By 1968, Ole Miss had around 100 African American students, and by the 2019–2020 academic year, African Americans constituted 12.5 percent of
7828-633: The seventh-highest share of students from the economic top-one percent among selective public schools. The median starting salary of a graduate is $ 47,700, according to US News . Although 54 percent of undergraduates are from Mississippi, the student body is geographically diverse. As of late 2020, the university's undergraduates represented all 82 counties in Mississippi, 49 states, the District of Columbia , and 86 countries. The average freshman retention rate, an indicator of student success and satisfaction,
7931-454: The speed of wind from one end of the world to the other and into the depths of the sea and the underworld . Iris is said to travel on the rainbow while carrying messages from the gods to mortals. In some records, Iris is a sister to fellow messenger goddess Arke ("swift", "quick"); both sisters originally sided with the Olympian gods during the Titanomachy, but Arke eventually flew out of
8034-553: The state of Mississippi, and the university relies heavily on private donations. The Ford Foundation has donated nearly $ 65 million to the Oxford campus and UMMC. The University of Mississippi is the state's largest university by enrollment and is considered the state's flagship university. In 2015, the student-faculty ratio was 19:1. Of its classes, 47.4 percent have fewer than 20 students. The most popular subjects include marketing, education and teaching, accountancy, finance, pharmaceutical sciences, and administration. To receive
8137-417: The student body. In 1972, Ole Miss purchased Rowan Oak , the former home of Nobel Prize –winning writer William Faulkner . The building has been preserved as it was at Faulkner's death in 1962. Faulkner was the university's postmaster in the early 1920s and wrote As I Lay Dying (1930) at the university powerhouse. His Nobel Prize medallion is displayed in the university library. The university hosted
8240-574: The tents are extravagant, feature chandeliers and fine china, and typically host meals of Southern cuisine . To accommodate the crowds, the university maintains elaborate portable bathrooms on 18-wheeler platforms known as "Hotty Toddy Potties". The University of Mississippi's first sanctioned student organizations, literary societies the Hermaean Society and the Phi Sigma Society, were established in 1849. Weekly meetings, of which attendance
8343-485: The terms of a merger of the two fraternities, the idea of consolidation having been informally discussed for the preceding two years. At the time, Delta Tau Delta president W.W. Cook explained the purpose of the merger was "to get a standing in good universities of the South, and the Rainbows had a corresponding design toward Northern colleges." The Rainbow chapter at Southwestern University initially expressed optimism about
8446-444: The terms of its merger with Delta Tau Delta, several elements of the Rainbow Fraternity were preserved. University of Mississippi The University of Mississippi ( byname Ole Miss ) is a public research university in Oxford, Mississippi , United States, with a medical center in Jackson . It is Mississippi's oldest public university and is the state's largest by enrollment. The Mississippi Legislature chartered
8549-415: The time the merger with Delta Tau Delta occurred. In 1889, Rainbow Fraternity was briefly revived at Wofford College by an alumnus who hadn't received the news that the fraternity had merged with Delta Tau Delta. It subsequently disbanded on learning the fate of its parent organization. Rainbow Fraternity's colors were the seven colors of the rainbow and its emblem was the rainbow. Its patron Greek divinity
8652-408: The titular birds build a city in the sky and plan to supplant the Olympian gods. Iris, as the messenger, goes to meet them, but she is ridiculed, insulted, and threatened with rape by their leader Pisetaerus, an elderly Athenian man. Iris appears confused that Pisetearus does not know who the gods are and that she is one of them. Pisetaerus then tells her that the birds are the gods now, the deities whom
8755-493: The unfortunate Prometheus. After Ceyx drowned in a shipwreck, Hera made Iris convey her orders to Hypnos , the god of sleep. Iris flew and found him in his cave, and informed him that Hera wished for Ceyx's wife, Alcyone, to be informed of her loved one's death in her dreams. After delivering Hera's command, Iris left immediately, not standing to be near Hypnos for too long, for his powers took hold of her, and made her dizzy and sleepy. In Aristophanes 's comedy The Birds ,
8858-730: The university established the Trent Lott Leadership Institute, which is named after alumnus and then- US Senate majority leader Trent Lott . The institute was funded with large corporate donations from MCI Inc. , Lockheed Martin , and other companies. In addition to leadership initiatives, the institute offers a BA degree in Public Policy Leadership. The Center for Intelligence and Security Studies (CISS) delivers academic programming on intelligence analysis and engages in applied research and consortium building with government, private, and academic partners. In 2012,
8961-528: The university on February 24, 1844, and in 1848 admitted its first 80 students. During the Civil War , the university operated as a Confederate hospital and narrowly avoided destruction by Ulysses S. Grant 's forces. In 1962, during the civil rights movement , a race riot occurred on campus when segregationists tried to prevent the enrollment of African American student James Meredith . The university has since taken measures to improve its image. The university
9064-490: The university was Mississippi's only public institution of higher learning and for 110 years, its only comprehensive university. In 1854, the University of Mississippi School of Law was established, becoming the fourth state-supported law school in the United States. Early president Frederick A. P. Barnard sought to increase the university's stature, placing him in conflict with the more-conservative board of trustees. The only result of Barnard's hundred-page 1858 report to
9167-504: The university's academic affairs, and a dean oversees each school, as well as general studies and the honors college. A faculty senate advises the administration. The board of trustees of the Mississippi State Institutions of Higher Learning is the constitutional governing body that is responsible for policy and financial oversight of the University of Mississippi and the state's other seven public secondary institutions.
9270-495: The university's mathematics professor Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar drafted the articles of secession . Students organized into a military company called the " University Greys ", which became Company A, 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment in the Confederate States Army . Within a month of the Civil War 's outbreak, only five students remained at the university, and by late 1861, it was closed. In its final action,
9373-429: The world's first animal-to-human heart transplant. Because Hardy researched transplantation, consisting of primate studies during the previous nine years, the heart of a chimpanzee was used for the transplant. In 1965, the university established its Medicinal Plant Garden, which the School of Pharmacy uses for drug research. Since 1968, the school has operated the only legal marijuana farm and production facility in
9476-400: Was Iris . For many years, its password was "W.W.W." The fraternity's original badge was modeled after the Roman fasces , consisting of a half cylinder and a bundle of seven rods surrounded by a Roman hatchet. The rods were held by three bands that were colored with one of the seven rainbow colors, with each of the chapter's seven members having a badge featuring a different color. The badge
9579-422: Was changed in 1874 to a semicircle rainbow above three Ws. The middle W was twice the size of the outer two and was decorated with seven stones; the badge's owner could select the stones' color. Over the middle W, under the rainbow, was the chapter's initial letters. Although this badge was originally designed to have the rainbow in enameled rainbow colors, it was more often made with a black enamel rainbow shape that
9682-808: Was designed to house the world's largest telescope. Due to the Civil War's outbreak, however, the telescope was never delivered and was instead acquired by Northwestern University . The observatory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The first major building built after the Civil War was Ventress Hall, which was constructed in a Victorian Romanesque style in 1889. From 1929 to 1930, architect Frank P. Gates designed 18 buildings on campus, mostly in Georgian Revival architectural style , including (Old) University High School, Barr Hall, Bondurant Hall, Farley Hall (also known as Lamar Hall), Faulkner Hall, and Wesley Knight Field House. During
9785-467: Was expanded with two wings in 1903. According to the university, the Lyceum's bell is the oldest academic bell in the United States. Near the Circle is The Grove , a 10-acre (4.0 ha) plot of land that was set aside by chancellor Robert Burwell Fulton c. 1893 , and hosts up to 100,000 tailgaters during home games. Barnard Observatory , which was constructed under Chancellor Barnard in 1859,
9888-541: Was founded in 1998, provides the only international studies undergraduate program in Mississippi. The University of Mississippi is a member of the SEC Academic Consortium, which has since been renamed SECU . The collaborative initiative was designed to promote research, scholarship, and achievement among the member universities in the Southeastern Conference . In 2013, the university participated in
9991-501: Was jointly established by several Japanese companies and the university. Many children have parents who are employees at Toyota facilities in Blue Springs . In 1903, the University of Mississippi School of Medicine was established on the Oxford campus. It offered only two years of medical courses; students had to attend an out-of-state medical school to complete their degrees. This form of medical education continued until 1955, when
10094-459: Was mandatory, were held in the Lyceum until 1853 and then in the chapel. With the university's emphasis on rhetoric, student-organized public orations on the first Monday of every month were popular. Studies were sometimes canceled so students could attend speeches of visiting politicians such as Jefferson Davis and William L. Sharkey . In the 1890s, extracurricular and nonintellectual activities proliferated on campus, and interest in oratory and
10197-488: Was politically hostile toward the University of Mississippi, firing administrators and faculty, and replacing them with his friends in the "Bilbo purge". Bilbo's actions severely damaged the university's reputation, leading to the temporary loss of its accreditation. Consequently, in 1944, the Constitution of Mississippi was amended to protect the university's board of trustees from political pressure. During World War II ,
10300-468: Was ranked the second-safest in the SEC and one of the safest in the U.S. As of 2019, the university has had 27 Rhodes Scholars . Since 1998, it has 10 Goldwater Scholars , seven Truman Scholars , 18 Fulbright Scholars , one Marshall Scholar , three Udall Scholars , two Gates Cambridge Scholars , one Mitchell Scholar , 19 Boren Scholars , one Boren fellow , and one German Chancellor Fellowship . As of
10403-495: Was sometimes known as podarkes (feet like [the wings of] Arke). Podarces was also the original name of Priam , the king of Troy . Iris on the other hand maintained her position as the messenger of the gods alongside Hermes; often Iris served specifically as Hera's personal messenger and servant. Following her daughter Persephone 's abduction by Hades , the goddess of agriculture Demeter withdrew to her temple in Eleusis and made
10506-429: Was spelled "Heighty Tighty"; this early spelling has led some to suggest it originated with Virginia Tech 's regimental band, The Heighty Tighties. Other proposed origins are " hoity-toity ", meaning snobbish, and the alcoholic drink hot toddy . On football game days, the Grove, a 10-acre (4.0 ha) plot of trees, hosts an elaborate tailgating tradition; according to The New York Times , "Perhaps there isn't
10609-421: Was surrounded by a narrow band of color. The Rainbow Fraternity's seal was identical to its second badge, with the addition of two surrounding circles. The words “Enios Iridos” was located between the circles, at the top. The university's name was located between the circles at the bottom. Following is a list of Rainbow Fraternity's s chapters. Inactive chapters and institutions are indicated in italic . Under
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