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33-807: The Rainbow Aosta Valley ( Arcobaleno Valle d'Aosta , AVdA) was an Italian coalition of parties active in Aosta Valley . Launched in 2003, the coalition was composed of the Federation of the Greens (whose local section, the Alternative Greens , AVdA, was particularly strong in the Region), the Communist Refoundation Party , the Party of Italian Communists , Democratic Left and some local far-left groups. In

66-455: A mass party , a form of party that would dominate throughout the 20th century. It was followed a few years later by the Italian People's Party , established in 1919. Both parties achieved electoral success until the advent of fascism , contributing decisively to the loss of strength and authority of the old liberal ruling class, which had not been able to structure itself into a proper party:

99-546: A political party in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . List of political parties in Italy This is a list of political parties in Italy since Italian unification in 1861. Throughout history, numerous political parties have been operating in Italy. Since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern alone; thus, parties form political alliances and coalition governments . In

132-704: A coalition of parties having fought the election together), while the opposition was fragmented in three segments: the Democratic Party-led centre-left coalition; the Five Star Movement; and a centrist alliance between Action and Italia Viva (both splinter groups of the Democratic Party). Liberal Union (Italy) The origins of liberalism in Italy are in the Historical Right , a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour in

165-469: A countrywide scale), Forza Italia, Brothers of Italy and minor allies; the Five Star Movement (which was the single most voted party); and the centre-left coalition, composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies. The centre-right coalition won a full majority in the 2022 general election , leading to a government led by Brothers of Italy's leader Giorgia Meloni (the first since 2008 to be formed by

198-491: Is often called the Giolittian Era. A left liberal with strong ethical concerns, Giolitti's periods in office were notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive social reforms which improved the living standards of ordinary Italians, together with the enactment of several policies of government intervention. Besides putting in place several tariffs , subsidies and government projects, Giolitti also nationalized

231-514: The 2003 regional election the coalition won 7.9% of the vote and three regional councillors. In the 2008 regional election it obtained 5.6% of the vote and no regional councillors. In 2010 AVdA, which had been part of Autonomy Liberty Democracy in general elections since 2006, distanced from the far left and were merged into a new party named Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology (ALPE), along with other two progressive parties, Valdostan Renewal and Vallée d'Aoste Vive . This article about

264-778: The 2022 general election , four groupings obtained most of the votes and most of the seats in the two houses of the Italian Parliament : the " centre-right coalition " composed of the Brothers of Italy , Lega , Forza Italia and minor allies; the " centre-left coalition " composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies; the populist Five Star Movement ; and the liberal Action – Italia Viva (also known as "Third Pole"). Coalitions of parties for regional elections can be slightly different from those for general elections, due to different regional conditions (for instance, in some regions

297-1008: The Christian Democracy , the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Liberal Party, the Action Party and the Labour Democratic Party — formed the joint National Liberation Committee , which gained official recognition as the representative of the Italian resistance movement (the Committee recognised the monarchy, thus the Italian Republican Party stayed out because of its full loyalty to republican principles). The parties of

330-674: The Historical Left , were not classifiable as parties, but as simple groups of notables, each with their own electoral fiefdom, that joined together according to their own ideas. From time to time, in the context of the Historical Far Left , other parties emerged: the Italian Republican Party , established in 1895, and the Italian Radical Party , established in 1904. The Italian Socialist Party envisaged itself as

363-714: The Liberal Union , launched in 1913, was not a coherent one and the Italian Liberal Party , formed in 1922, came too late. The beginning of 1921 saw the foundation of the Communist Party of Italy , born from a split of the Italian Socialist Party. Also in 1921, Benito Mussolini gave birth to the National Fascist Party , and the next year, through the March on Rome , he was appointed Prime Minister . In 1926, through

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396-613: The Radicals , the Democrats and eventually the Reform Socialists . This alliance governed against two smaller opposition, namely The Clericals composed by some Vatican -oriented politicians and The Extreme formed by the socialist faction which represented a real left in a present-day concept. Giolitti was a master in the political art of trasformismo , the method of making a flexible centrist coalition of government which isolated

429-646: The 32.3% of the vote. Giolitti's Liberals came only fifth, with 8.6% of the vote and 41 seats, behind the Italian People's Party of Don Luigi Sturzo , with 20.5%. The Parliament was thus divided into three different blocks with huge instability while the Socialists and the rising Fascists instigators of political violence on opposite sides. In this chaotic situation, the Liberals founded the Italian Liberal Party in 1922 which joined an alliance led by Fascists and formed

462-520: The Committee then formed, in various combinations, the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in 1944 until 1947, when the Socialists and the Communists were ejected. In 1946, through a referendum , Italy became a republic and a Constituent Assembly wrote the republican Constitution . Between 1948 and 1992, the party system was dominated by two major parties: the Christian Democracy,

495-528: The Democratic Party and the Five Star Movement are in coalition, but not in others; same for the Democratic Party and the Third Pole) and the presence of several regional parties, some of which active only at regional level. The first modern political party in Italy was the Italian Socialist Party , established in 1892. Until then, the main political groupings of the country, the Historical Right and

528-591: The Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party , the Italian Liberal Party and the Italian Republican Party. Between 1981 and 1991, the Christian Democrats formed coalition governments named Pentapartito with all four of them. That was the time when several northern regional parties, whose policy themes were federalism and autonomism , were established. In 1991 they federated themselves into Lega Nord , which became

561-503: The Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia following the 1848 revolution . The group was moderately conservative and supported centralised government , restricted suffrage , regressive taxation and free trade . They dominated politics following Italian unification in 1861, but never formed a party, basing their power on census suffrage and first-past-the-post voting system. The Right

594-452: The centre-left, the Democratic Party of the Left changed its name again in 1998, becoming Democrats of the Left , while in 2002 a new party called Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy was founded by the merger of some centrist parties (including the Italian People's Party). In 2008, following the fall of the centre-left government led by Romano Prodi , the Democratic Party (established in 2007 upon

627-401: The country's fourth largest party in the 1992 general election . Between 1992 and 1994, the established party system was shaken by a series of corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli . These events led to the disappearance of the five parties of government. Consequently, the Italian Communist Party, which had evolved to become the Democratic Party of the Left in 1991, with

660-516: The country. Under the premiership of Antonio Salandra , a member of the right-wing faction of the Liberals, Italy declared war to Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1915, entering in World War I . This decision was against the thought of Liberal leader Giolitti, who was a strong supporter of neutrality. In 1917, a member of the party's left-wing, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando , became Prime Minister and during his government Italy defeated Austria, earning him

693-405: The defunct mainstream parties, National Alliance and Lega Nord. Between 1996 and 2008, the political parties were organised into two big coalitions, which took turns in government: the centre-right Pole for Freedoms , which was renamed House of Freedoms after the re-entry of Lega Nord in 2000, and The Olive Tree , lately part of a broader coalition named The Union , on the centre-left. As for

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726-540: The exit of the Communist Refoundation Party , and the post-fascists, who had launched National Alliance in 1994, gained strength. On the contrary, the Christian Democracy, which changed its name to Italian People's Party in 1994, lost its centrality in the Italian party system. Following the 1994 general election , media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi became Prime Minister at the head of a government composed mainly of his brand-new Forza Italia party, joined by several members of

759-504: The extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification. Under his influence, the Liberals did not develop as a structured party. They were instead a series of informal personal groupings with no formal links to political constituencies. The period between the start of the 20th century and the start of World War I , when he was Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior from 1901 to 1914 with only brief interruptions,

792-542: The merger of the Democrats of the Left and The Daisy) decided to break the alliance with the Communist Refoundation Party and other minor left-wing parties. Contextually, on the centre-right of the political spectrum, Forza Italia and National Alliance merged to form The People of Freedom , which continued the alliance with Lega Nord and prevailed in the 2008 general election . In the 2013 general election ,

825-405: The outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti 's Civic Choice party. In November 2013, the national council of People of Freedom, at the behest of Berlusconi, suspended all party activities, to relaunch Forza Italia , which would experience multiple splits. In the 2018 general election , the major groupings were reduced to three: the centre-right coalition, composed of Lega (Lega Nord's evolution on

858-450: The party system was fragmented in four groupings: the centre-left alliance led by the Democratic Party; the traditional centre-right alliance between the People of Freedom, Lega Nord and the newly-founded Brothers of Italy (a right-wing split of the People of Freedom, formed mainly by former members of National Alliance); Beppe Grillo 's Five Star Movement ; and a new centrist coalition around

891-475: The private telephone and railroad operators. Liberal proponents of free trade criticized the Giolittian System, although Giolitti himself saw the development of the national economy as essential in the production of wealth. In the 1913 general election , the Liberals were voted by more than two millions people, with 47.6% of votes and gaining 270 out 508 seats, therefore becoming by far the first party of

924-709: The so-called leggi fascistissime ( lit.   ' very fascist laws ' ), all parties were dissolved except the National Fascist Party, which thus remained the only legal party in the Kingdom of Italy until the fall of the regime in July 1943. Meanwhile, following the dissolution of the Comintern in May 1943, the Communist Party of Italy was rebranded Italian Communist Party. The following September, six anti-fascist parties –

957-431: The structural party of government, and the Italian Communist Party, the main opposition party. Another stable opposition party was the post-fascist Italian Social Movement . For about half a century, following a so-called conventio ad excludendum of the Italian Communist Party, the governments were led by the Christian Democracy, that chose its coalition partners among smaller parties situated either to its left or right:

990-488: The title Premier of Victory. At the end of World War I, universal suffrage and proportional representation were introduced. These reforms caused big problems to the Liberals which found themselves unable to stop the rise of two mass parties, the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian People's Party which had taken the control of many local authorities in Northern Italy even before the war. The Italian particularity

1023-414: Was depicted as a chameleon in a satirical newspaper), effectively removed political differences in Parliament, which was dominated by an undistinguished liberal bloc with a landslide majority until after World War I . Two parliamentary factions alternated in government, one led by Sidney Sonnino and the other, by far the largest of the two, by Giolitti. At that time, the Liberals governed in alliance with

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1056-579: Was opposed by the more progressive Historical Left , which overthrew Marco Minghetti 's government during the so-called Parliamentary Revolution of 1876, which brought Agostino Depretis to become Prime Minister . However, Depretis immediately began to look for support among Rightist Members of Parliament, who readily changed their positions, in a context of widespread corruption . This phenomenon, known in Italian as trasformismo (roughly translatable in English as transformism—Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti

1089-596: Was that although the Catholic party opposed the Socialists in accordance with European standards, it was also in contrast with the Liberals and generally the right under the consequences of the capture of Rome and the struggles between the Holy See and the Italian state which the Liberals had ruled for more than fifty years. The general election in 1919 saw success for the Socialist Party led by Filippo Turati , which gained

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