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39-446: (Redirected from Rain Tree ) Rain tree is a common name for several plants and may refer to: Albizia saman , a tree in the family Fabaceae, native to a range extending from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil Brunfelsia a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Solanaceae, native to the tropical Americas Philenoptera violacea ,

78-450: A flower are collectively called the androecium . The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule ) as in Canna species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea ). The androecium in various species of plants forms a great variety of patterns, some of them highly complex. It generally surrounds the gynoecium and

117-471: A tree in the family Fabaceae, native to southern Africa Golden rain tree , Koelreuteria paniculata , native to eastern Asia, in China and Korea Raintree, a British subsidiary of Capstone Publishers Raintree Pictures , a Singapore media and entertainment company. See also [ edit ] Rain Tree (film) , a 2001 Iranian film [REDACTED] Index of plants with the same common name This page

156-502: A trunk at 9 ft (about 2.8 m) in diameter and reaching just 60 ft (nearly 19 m) in height. Humboldt mentioned the tree was reported to have changed little since the Spanish colonization of Venezuela ; he estimated it to be as old as the famous Canary Islands dragon tree ( Dracaena draco ) of Icod de los Vinos on Tenerife . The tree, called Samán de Güere ( transcribed Zamang del Guayre by von Humboldt) still stands today, and

195-461: Is a Venezuelan national treasure. Just like the dragon tree on Tenerife, the age of the saman in Venezuela is rather indeterminate. As von Humboldt's report makes clear, according to local tradition, it would be older than 500 years today, which is rather outstanding by the genus' standards. It is certain, however, the tree is quite more than 200 years old today, but it is one exceptional individual; even

234-472: Is a wide-canopied tree with a large symmetrical umbrella-shaped crown. It usually reaches a height of 15–25 m (49–82 ft) and a diameter of 30 m (98 ft). This species of flowering tree in the Fabaceae family is native to Central and South America but has been widely introduced across the tropics, especially South and Southeast Asia. Its branches have velvety and hairy bark. Large branches of

273-410: Is also an additive to gasoline . Its wood is used for carving and making furniture. The "Samanea saman" tree is one of several types of host plants that allows lac insects (Kerria lacca) infestation. The resultant copious sap/insect discharge caused by this insect is a harden material that is subsequently collected and processed into lac/shellac and used in making lacquerware and wood finishes. It

312-399: Is also known as bonara (mbaza), kily vazaha, madiromany, mampihe , or mampohehy . In European regions where the tree does not usually grow, its names are usually direct translations of "rain tree". These include arbre à (la) pluie ( France ), árbol de lluvia ( Spain ); and Regenbaum ( Germany ). The edible fruit pulp can be made into a beverage that tastes like lemons ; the pulp

351-496: Is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name ( vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rain_tree&oldid=1125811136 " Category : Set index articles on plant common names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

390-473: Is big and can provide shade, but allows rain to fall through into the ground beneath it. The leaves fold in rainy weather and in the evenings, hence the names rain tree and five o'clock tree. The tree has pinkish flowers with white and red stamens , set on heads with around 12–25 flowers per head. These heads may number in the thousands, covering the whole tree. The seed pods of the tree are curved and leathery; they contain sticky, edible flesh covering

429-458: Is called appendiculate , e.g. Nerium odorum and some other species of Apocynaceae . In Nerium , the appendages are united as a staminal corona. A column formed from the fusion of multiple filaments is known as an androphore . Stamens can be connate (fused or joined in the same whorl) as follows: Anther shapes are variously described by terms such as linear , rounded , sagittate , sinuous , or reniform . The anther can be attached to

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468-458: Is called a staminate flower , or (inaccurately) a male flower. A flower with a functional pistil but no functional stamens is called a pistillate flower , or (inaccurately) a female flower. An abortive or rudimentary stamen is called a staminodium or staminode , such as in Scrophularia nodosa . The carpels and stamens of orchids are fused into a column . The top part of the column

507-596: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Albizia saman Samanea saman is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae , now in the Mimosoid clade and is native to Central and South America. It is often placed in the genus Samanea , which by yet other authors is subsumed in Albizia entirely. Its range extends from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil , but it has been widely introduced to South and Southeast Asia , as well as

546-410: Is formed by the anther, which is covered by an anther cap . Stamens can also be adnate (fused or joined from more than one whorl): They can have different lengths from each other: or respective to the rest of the flower ( perianth ): They may be arranged in one of two different patterns: They may be arranged, with respect to the petals : Where the connective is very small, or imperceptible,

585-1268: Is known as gouannegoul or saman . In Latin America , it is variously known as samán , cenízaro , cenicero , genízaro , carreto , carreto negro , delmonte , dormilón , guannegoul , algarrobo del país , algarrobo , campano , carabeli , couji , lara , urero , or zarza in Spanish ; and chorona in Portuguese . In the Pacific Islands , it is known as filinganga in the Northern Marianas ; trongkon-mames in Guam ; gumorni spanis in Yap ; kasia kula or mohemohe in Tonga ; marmar in New Guinea ; ʻohai in Hawaii ; tamalini or tamaligi in Samoa ; and vaivai ni vavalangi , vaivai moce or sirsa in Fiji . The former comes from vaivai "watery" (in allusion to

624-910: Is known as shiriisha in Sanskrit ; শিরীষ ( shirish ) in Bengali ; shirish in Gujarati ; सीरस ( vilaiti siris ) in Hindi ; bagaya mara in Kannada ; ചക്കരക്കായ്‌ മരം ( chakkarakkay maram ) in Malayalam ; विलायती शिरीश in Marathi ; මාර ( māra ) in Sinhalese ; தூங்குமூஞ்சி மரம் ( thoongu moonji maram , "sleepy faced tree") in Tamil ; and నిద్ర గన్నేరు ( nidra ganneru ) in Telugu . In Madagascar , it

663-569: Is surrounded by the perianth . A few members of the family Triuridaceae , particularly Lacandonia schismatica and Lacandonia brasiliana , along with a few species of Trithuria (family Hydatellaceae ) are exceptional in that their gynoecia surround their androecia. Depending on the species of plant, some or all of the stamens in a flower may be attached to the petals or to the floral axis . They also may be free-standing or fused to one another in many different ways, including fusion of some but not all stamens. The filaments may be fused and

702-494: Is unclear when and how Chankiri was introduced to Cambodia. It is possible the tree was introduced from Brazil by the French in the 1920s, together with the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) during the rubber industry's global boom in the early 1900s. It is also possible the tree came from neighboring countries in the region where the plant had been introduced earlier on by Western colonial explorers. Since its introduction to Cambodia ,

741-618: The Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian genocide , though the trees were planted at the field long before. Children and infants with parents accused of crimes against the regime were smashed against trees, in the hope that the children "wouldn't grow up and take revenge for their parents' deaths". It was a coincidence that the Chankiri tree at the Killing Fields is one of the many trees against which

780-500: The Pacific Islands , including Hawaii . It is a well-known tree, rivaled perhaps only by lebbeck and pink siris among its genus . It is well represented in many languages and has numerous local names in its native range; common English names include saman , rain tree and monkeypod (see also § Names below). In Cambodia it is colloquially known as the Chankiri Tree (can be written ចន្ទគិរី or ចន្ទ៍គីរី ). Saman

819-475: The Samanea saman is known locally as chankiri (ចន្ទគិរី). It has been widely planted across the country thanks to its tall height and expansive branches that can shade large areas, and as an ornamental. The fruit is eaten, and in famine times the young leaves are eaten in salads. Khmer : ចាមរី , romanized :  Chamri is the official Khmer name for the plant because the flowers from this tree resemble

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858-488: The heath family ( Ericaceae ), or by valves, as in the barberry family ( Berberidaceae ). In some plants, notably members of Orchidaceae and Asclepiadoideae , the pollen remains in masses called pollinia , which are adapted to attach to particular pollinating agents such as birds or insects. More commonly, mature pollen grains separate and are dispensed by wind or water, pollinating insects, birds or other pollination vectors. Pollen of angiosperms must be transported to

897-483: The specific epithet - derives from zamang , meaning " Mimosoideae tree" in some Cariban languages of northern Venezuela. This name is also where its genus name Samanea comes from. The origin of the name "rain tree" is unknown. It has been variously attributed to local names ki hujan or pokok hujan ("rain tree") in Indonesia and Malaysia because its leaves fold during rainy days (allowing rain to fall through

936-443: The stigma , the receptive surface of the carpel , of a compatible flower, for successful pollination to occur. After arriving, the pollen grain (an immature microgametophyte) typically completes its development. It may grow a pollen tube and undergo mitosis to produce two sperm nuclei. In the typical flower (that is, in the majority of flowering plant species) each flower has both carpels and stamens . In some species, however,

975-437: The tapetum and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis to form haploid spores. The spores may remain attached to each other in a tetrad or separate after meiosis. Each microspore then divides mitotically to form an immature microgametophyte called a pollen grain . The pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings ( dehisces ). These may consist of longitudinal slits, pores, as in

1014-534: The Khmer Rouge executioners beat young children and there are no specific associations locally between the Chankiri tree and the Khmer Rouge. When Alexander von Humboldt travelled in the Americas from 1799 to 1804, he encountered a giant saman tree near Maracay , Venezuela. He measured the circumference of the parasol -shaped crown at 576 ft (about 180.8 m), its diameter was around 190 ft (about 59.6 m), on

1053-425: The anther lobes are close together, and the connective is referred to as discrete , e.g. Euphorbia pp., Adhatoda zeylanica . Where the connective separates the anther lobes, it is called divaricate , e.g. Tilia , Justicia gendarussa . The connective may also be a long and stalk-like, crosswise on the filament, this is a distractile connective, e.g. Salvia . The connective may also bear appendages, and

1092-419: The anthers free, or the filaments free and the anthers fused. Rather than there being two locules, one locule of a stamen may fail to develop, or alternatively the two locules may merge late in development to give a single locule. Extreme cases of stamen fusion occur in some species of Cyclanthera in the family Cucurbitaceae and in section Cyclanthera of genus Phyllanthus (family Euphorbiaceae ) where

1131-573: The beautiful long-haired tail of the chamri (known in English as yak). Ampil barang (French tamarind) is another colloquial name for it in Cambodia. Since its introduction to Cambodia, Chankiri has been widely planted across the country thanks to its tall height and expansive branches that can shade large areas. Multiple chankiri can also be found in the Killing Fields , an execution field used by

1170-502: The filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte . The size of anthers differs greatly, from a tiny fraction of a millimeter in Wolfia spp up to five inches (13 centimeters) in Canna iridiflora and Strelitzia nicolai . The stamens in

1209-744: The flat, oval seeds. In English it is usually known as rain tree or saman. It is also known as "monkey pod", "giant thibet", "inga saman", "cow tamarind", East Indian walnut, "soar", or "suar". In English-speaking regions of the Caribbean , it is known as coco tamarind in Grenada ; French tamarind in Guyana ; and samaan tree in Trinidad . In Philippine English , it is confusingly simply known as "acacia", due to its resemblance to native Acacia species. The original name, saman - known in many languages and used for

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1248-400: The flowers are unisexual with only carpels or stamens. ( monoecious = both types of flowers found on the same plant; dioecious = the two types of flower found only on different plants). A flower with only stamens is called androecious . A flower with only carpels is called gynoecious . A pistil consists of one or more carpels. A flower with functional stamens but no functional pistil

1287-645: The pollen is around 119 microns and it is polyad of 24 to 32 grains. Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. According to a research conducted at the School of Forestry of the Bogor Agricultural Institute , Indonesia , a mature tree with a crown diameter measuring 15 metres (49 ft) absorbed 28.5 metric tons (28.0 long tons; 31.4 short tons) of CO 2 annually. The trees have been planted in cities of Kudus and Demak and also will be planted along

1326-429: The shoulder of the road from Semarang to Losari . Stamen A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains microsporangia . Most commonly anthers are two-lobed (each lobe is termed a locule ) and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective , an extension of

1365-427: The stamens form a ring around the gynoecium, with a single locule. Plants having a single stamen are referred to as "monandrous." A typical anther contains four microsporangia. The microsporangia form sacs or pockets ( locules ) in the anther (anther sacs or pollen sacs). The two separate locules on each side of an anther may fuse into a single locule. Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called

1404-435: The tree tend to break off, particularly during rainstorms. This can be hazardous as the tree is very commonly used for avenue plantation. A rain tree leaf is pinnate made of 6–16 leaflets, each leaflet is shaped like a diamond 2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) long and 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) wide with a dull top surface and finely hairy beneath. The tree sheds its leaves for a while during dry periods. Its crown

1443-1045: The tree's "rain") + vavalagi "foreign". In some parts of Vanua Levu , Fiji the word vaivai is used to describe the lebbeck , because of the sound the seedpods make, and the word mocemoce (sleepy, or sleeping) is used for A. saman due to the 'sleepiness' of its leaves. In Southeast Asia , it is known as akasya or palo de China in the Philippines ; meh or trembesi in Indonesia ; pukul lima ("five o'clock tree") in Malaysia and Singapore ; ampil barang ("Western tamarind") in Cambodia ; ก้ามปู ( kampu ), ฉำฉา ( chamcha ), จามจุรีแดง ( chamchuri daeng ), จามจุรี ( chamchuri ) in Thai ; ကုက္ကို ( kokko ) in Myanmar ; and còng , muồng tím , or cây mưa ("rain tree") in Vietnam . In South Asia , it

1482-719: The tree); the way the relative abundance of grass under the tree in comparison to surrounding areas; the steady drizzle of honeydew -like discharge of cicadas feeding on the leaves; the occasional shower of sugary secretions from the nectaries on the leaf petioles ; to the shedding of stamens during heavy flowering. In the Caribbean, it is sometimes known as marsave . It is also known as algarrobo in Cuba ; guannegoul(e) in Haiti ; and goango or guango in Jamaica . In French-speaking islands, it

1521-509: The well-learned von Humboldt could not believe it was actually the same species as the saman trees he knew from the greenhouses at Schönbrunn Castle . A famous specimen called the "Brahmaputra Rain Tree" located at Guwahati on the banks of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India has the thickest trunk of any Saman; approximately 12 feet (3.7 m) diameter at breast height (DBH). The size of

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