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86-536: Rafael Viñoly Beceiro (1 June 1944 – 2 March 2023) was an Uruguayan-born architect based in New York. He was the principal of Rafael Viñoly Architects, which he founded in 1983. The firm has offices in New York City, Palo Alto , London, Manchester , Abu Dhabi , and Buenos Aires . Viñoly designed landmark buildings internationally. Viñoly rose to international prominence with his Tokyo International Forum . Reviewing

172-511: A coastal redwood tree known as El Palo Alto . The city of Palo Alto was established in 1894 by the American industrialist Leland Stanford when he founded Stanford University in memory of his son, Leland Stanford Jr. Palo Alto later expanded and now borders East Palo Alto , Mountain View , Los Altos , Los Altos Hills , Stanford , Portola Valley , and Menlo Park . As of the 2020 census ,

258-539: A "signature style" beyond his allegiance to modernism and his "penchant for enclosing large spaces under glass, creating luminous interiors". In another Times article, the architect David Rockwell , who worked with him on several projects, most notably on a proposal for the rebuilding of the World Trade Center , recalled the team's vision of the twin towers reborn as a structure that spiraled defiantly skyward, "a filigreed weave of steel and air [that] would transform

344-436: A 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $ 119,046, and the median income for a family was $ 153,197. Males had a median income of $ 91,051 versus $ 60,202 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 56,257. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over. Palo Alto, north of Oregon Expressway ,

430-608: A Master of Architecture (1969) from the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism . In 1964, he formed an architectural firm in Buenos Aires with six associates ( Flora Manteola , Ignacio Petchersky, Javier Sánchez Gómez, Josefina Santos, and Justo Solsona). This practice, which came to be known as M/SG/S/S/S, or MSGSSS, would go on to become one of the largest architectural practices in South America, completing many significant commissions in

516-663: A blistering "death ray"—Volner suggested that his "attraction to ideas like transparency and simplicity trumped other, more quotidian considerations". Nonetheless, he applauded the architect's "commitment to making a more beautiful, more functional New York," singling out the elegant front of his athletics facility for Lehman College ("a nautiluslike curl of steel and glass") and his Spitzer School of Architecture at City College ("crisp and modest and clear") as exemplars of his sleek, modernist aesthetic. Fred A. Bernstein, writing in The New York Times , noted Viñoly's avoidance of

602-522: A collegiate summer baseball club that has been in the Bay Area since 1950, eight years longer than the San Francisco Giants. The Oaks were originally managed by Tony Makjavich for 49 years. The Oaks were going to fold before the summer 2016 season but were taken on by Daniel Palladino and Whaylan Price, Bay Area baseball coaches who did not want to see the team die. The Oaks have a rich history within

688-415: A complex function. Some would argue that Zettl 's machines fit in this category; others argue that modern microprocessors and FPGAs also fit. 4. Systems of nanosystems/Productive nanosystems - these will be complex nanosystems that produce atomically precise parts for other nanosystems, not necessarily using novel nanoscale-emergent properties, but well-understood fundamentals of manufacturing. Because of

774-780: A founder of a company in the United States." Major works by Viñoly include the Stavros Niarchos Foundation-David Rockefeller River Campus at Rockefeller University, 432 Park Avenue in Manhattan, 20 Fenchurch Street in London, the Curve Theatre Leicester, and Firstsite art gallery in Colchester, Essex. 20 Fenchurch Street in London won the 2015 Carbuncle Cup for its ugliness. Two of

860-516: A low of 39.0 °F (3.9 °C) to a high of 57.8 °F (14.3 °C). In July, average temperatures range from 55.7 to 79.4 °F (13.2 to 26.3 °C). The record high temperature was 108 °F (42 °C) on September 6, 2022, and the record low temperature was 20 °F (−7 °C) on January 11, 1949, and December 24, 1990. Temperatures reach 90 °F (32 °C) or higher on an average of 12.0 days. Temperatures drop to 32 °F (0 °C) or lower on an average of 14.0 days. Due to

946-603: A member of the Japan Institute of Architects and the Argentinian Sociedad Central de Arquitectos. Viñoly earned a reputation as "a serene functionalist and a master of institutional design", as an unbylined article in Metropolis put it, noting that "schools, civic buildings, convention centers , and the like have long been the mainstay of Viñoly's practice." "I'm very interested in unglamorousness!" he said, in

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1032-519: A new concert grand piano design with a curved ergonomic keyboard that could facilitate easier access to the lowest and highest notes simultaneously. A foot longer than a typical concert grand and hosting no crossed strings, the Maene-Viñoly piano was completed in 2022 and premiered at the Verbier Festival played by Kirill Gerstein . In the months after Viñoly's death, the instrument was hosted at

1118-539: A piano house for his collection of nine concert grand pianos ); and London. He also "remained connected to his home country, spending summers in Montevideo, and designing there as well," wrote Elizabeth Fazzare, in an obituary for Architectural Digest . "One of his most handsome recent projects is the Laguna Garzón Bridge, a circular road deck and pedestrian walkway whose design allows an eco-friendly crossing over

1204-469: A political party. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race . The 2010 United States Census reported that Palo Alto had a population of 64,403. The population density was 2,497.5 inhabitants per square mile (964.3/km ). The racial makeup of Palo Alto

1290-491: A registered national historic district, is bounded by Kingsley, Lincoln, and Addison Avenues and the cross streets of Ramona, Bryant, and Waverley. The district includes a large number of well-preserved residences dating from the 1890s, including 833 Kingsley, 345 Lincoln, and 450 Kingsley. 1044 Bryant was the home of Russell Varian , co-inventor of the Klystron tube . The Federal Telegraph laboratory site, situated at 218 Channing,

1376-430: A result, Palo Alto has two downtown areas: one along University Avenue and one along California Avenue (renamed after the annexation since Palo Alto already had a Lincoln Avenue). The Mayfield News wrote its own obituary four days later: It is with a feeling of deep regret that we see on our streets today those who would sell, or give, our beautiful little city to an outside community. We have watched Mayfield grow from

1462-583: A small hamlet, when Palo Alto was nothing more than a hayfield, to her present size ... and it is with a feeling of sorrow that we contemplate the fact that there are those who would sell or give the city away. Palo Alto continued to annex more land, including the Stanford Shopping Center area in 1953. Stanford Research Park , Embarcadero Road northeast of Bayshore, and the West Bayshore/San Antonio Road area were also annexed during

1548-657: A thousand acres (4.0 km ) extending from today's Page Mill Road to Serra Street and from El Camino Real to the foothills. Coutts named his property Ayrshire Farm. His fanciful 50-foot-tall (15 m) brick tower near Matadero Creek likely marked the south corner of his property. Leland Stanford started buying land in the area in 1876 for a horse farm, called the Palo Alto Stock Farm . Stanford bought Ayrshire Farm in 1882. In 1884, Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane lost their only child Leland Stanford Jr. when he died of typhoid fever at age 15 and decided to create

1634-510: A university in his memory. In 1886, they proposed having the university's gateway be Mayfield. However, they had one condition: alcohol had to be banned from the town. Known for its 13 rowdy saloons, Mayfield rejected his request. This led them to drive the formation of a new temperance town with the help of their friend Timothy Hopkins of the Southern Pacific Railroad , who in 1887 bought 740 acres (3.0 km ) of private land for

1720-572: A very short time. In 1978, Viñoly and his family relocated to the United States. For a brief period, he served as a guest lecturer at the Harvard Graduate School of Design . In 1979, he settled permanently in New York City where, in 1983, he founded the firm Rafael Viñoly Architects PC. His first major project in New York was the John Jay College of Criminal Justice , completed in 1988. In 1989, he won an international competition to design

1806-528: A visiting boat captain, John Greer. Greer owned a home on the site that is now Town & Country Village on Embarcadero and El Camino Real . Greer Avenue and Court are named for him. To the south of the Sotos, the brothers Secundino and Teodoro Robles in 1849 bought Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from José Peña, the 1841 grantee. The grant covered the area south of Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito to more or less present-day Mountain View. The grant

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1892-557: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). Palo Alto was incorporated in 1894. In 1909 a municipal charter created a local government consisting of a fifteen-member city council, with responsibilities for various governmental functions delegated to appointed committees. In 1950, the city adopted a Council–manager government . Several appointed committees continue to advise the city council on specialized issues, such as land-use planning, utilities, and libraries, but these committees no longer have direct authority over City staff. Currently,

1978-463: Is a California Historical Landmark recognizing Lee de Forest 's 1911 invention of the vacuum tube and electronic oscillator at that location. While not open to the public, the garage that housed the launch of Hewlett Packard is located at 367 Addison Avenue. Hewlett Packard recently restored the house and garage. A second historic district on Ramona Street can be found downtown between University and Hamilton Avenues. The Palo Alto Chinese School

2064-476: Is a tributary to San Francisquito Creek below Interstate 280. Palo Alto has a number of significant natural habitats, including estuarine , riparian , and oak forest. Many of these habitats are visible in Foothills Park , which is owned by the city. The Charleston Slough contains a rich marsh and littoral zone, providing feeding areas for a variety of shorebirds and other estuarine wildlife. Typical of

2150-595: Is by some measures the most expensive college town in the United States. Productive nanosystems Present-day technologies are limited in various ways. Large atomically precise structures (that is, virtually defect-free) do not exist. Complex 3D nanoscale structures exist in the form of folded linear molecules such as DNA origami and proteins . As of 2018, it was also possible to build very small atomically precise structures using scanning probe microscopy to construct molecules such as FeCO and Triangulene , or to perform hydrogen depassivation lithography. But it

2236-485: Is filled with older homes, including Craftsman and California Colonials, some of which date back to the 1890s but most of which were built in the first four decades of the 20th century. South of Oregon Expressway, the homes, including many Joseph Eichler -designed or Eichler-style houses, were primarily built in the first 20 years after World War II. While the city contains homes that now cost anywhere from $ 800,000 to well over $ 40 million, much of Palo Alto's housing stock

2322-754: Is in the 13th Senate District , represented by Democrat Josh Becker , and in the 23rd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Marc Berman . In the United States House of Representatives , Palo Alto is in California's 16th congressional district , represented by Democrat Anna Eshoo . According to the California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Palo Alto has 40,040 registered voters. Of those, 20,857 (52.1%) are registered Democrats , 4,689 (11.7%) are registered Republicans , and 13,520 (33.8%) have declined to state

2408-519: Is in the style of California mid-century middle-class suburbia. The median home sale price for all of Palo Alto was $ 1.2 million in 2007 and $ 1.4 million in July 2009. Palo Alto ranked in as the 5th most expensive city in the United States as of 2007 , with an average home sales price of $ 1,677,000. In 2010, Palo Alto ranked as the 2nd most expensive city in the United States, with a four-bedroom, two-bathroom home listing for $ 1.48 million on average. Palo Alto

2494-440: Is not yet possible to combine components in a systematic way to build larger, more complex systems. Principles of physics and examples from nature both suggest that it will be possible to extend atomically precise fabrication to more complex products of larger size, involving a wider range of materials. An example of progress in this direction would be Christian Schafmeister's work on bis-peptides . In 2005, Mihail Roco , one of

2580-469: Is parallel and crosses the narrow corridor of land that connects the two parcels that makeup Palo Alto. Somewhat perpendicular to these roads are Sand Hill Road from El Camino until it crosses San Francisquito Creek into Menlo Park, Embarcadero Road, Oregon Expressway/Page Mill Road , Arastradero Road/East Charleston Road, and San Antonio Road (the last forms part of the boundary with Mountain View). According to

2666-683: Is so unique and irreproducible.'" Noting the "astonishing" number of major projects he "left scattered across that island and its adjacent territories", most memorably the controversial supertall, super-skinny Midtown condo building (its width-to-height ratio is 1:16) at 432 Park Avenue, the design critic Ian Volner observed, "Anyone so frantically prolific was bound to run into the clothesline of public opinion at some point." Ticking off Viñoly's most problem-plagued buildings—his 20 Fenchurch Street tower in London and his Vdara resort complex in Las Vegas, whose glazed façades turned reflected sunlight into

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2752-424: Is some debate about whether or not state-of-the art integrated circuits qualify here, since they operate despite emergent nanoscale properties, not because of them. Therefore, the argument goes, they don't qualify as "novel" nanoscale properties, even though the devices themselves are between one and a hundred nanometers. 3. Complex nanomachines - the assembly of different nanodevices into a nanosystem to accomplish

2838-627: Is the oldest in the entire Bay Area. It is also home to the second oldest opera company in California, the West Bay Opera . One early major business was when Thomas Foon Chew , owner of the Bayside Canning Company in Alviso founded by his father, expanded his business by starting a cannery in 1918 in what was then Mayfield that initially employed 350 workers but later expanded. In the 1920s

2924-585: Is to create the sense of fame". Viñoly was married to the interior designer Diana Viñoly, whose aesthetic sensibility he once described as "mixed and unorthodox but never busy. There is a narrative to the objects she selects and each house is like a living thing. Nothing's ever composed, static, or finished. ... How she does it I don't know." Their son, Román Viñoly, is the director of Rafael Viñoly Architects. Viñoly also had two stepsons, Nicolas and Lucas Michael. The family lived in multiple locations: Tribeca , New York; Water Mill, Long Island (where Viñoly built

3010-604: The Los Trancos and Monte Bello Open Space Preserves part of the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District . The city extends as far as Skyline Boulevard along the ridge of the Santa Cruz Mountains . The northern more densely populated parcel is bordered by San Francisquito Creek (with Menlo Park and East Palo Alto in adjacent San Mateo County beyond) to the north, San Francisco Bay to

3096-584: The Mexican–American War , the United States seized Alta California in 1846; however, this was not legalized until the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on July 4, 1848. Mexican citizens in the area could choose to become United States citizens and their land grants were to be recognized if they chose to do so (though many legal disputes arose over this). The land grant, Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito , of about 2,230 acres (9.0 km ) on

3182-479: The Museum of Modern Art 's exhibition of models and drawings for the building while it was still under construction, the then New York Times architecture critic Herbert Muschamp hailed Viñoly's design as "a monument to the idea of openness" that "revives faith in architecture as an instrument of intellectual clarity". At the same time, some of his works have been widely panned, including one of his high-profile designs,

3268-618: The Philadelphia Orchestra and featured at a Carnegie Hall concert in November of 2023 where it was played by Jonathan Biss . Notes Bibliography Palo Alto Palo Alto ( / ˌ p æ l oʊ ˈ æ l t oʊ / PAL -oh AL -toh ; Spanish for ' tall stick ' ) is a charter city in the northwestern corner of Santa Clara County, California , United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area , named after

3354-601: The San Francisquito Creek watershed, ultimately camping from November 6–11, 1769, by a tall redwood later to be known as El Palo Alto . In 1777, Father Junipero Serra established the Mission Santa Clara de Asis , whose northern boundary was San Francisquito Creek and whose lands included modern Palo Alto. The area was under the control of the viceroy of Mexico and ultimately under the control of Spain. On November 29, 1777, Pueblo de San Jose de Guadalupe (now

3440-534: The Santa Cruz Mountains to the west, there is a " rain shadow " in Palo Alto, resulting in an average annual rainfall of only 15.12 inches (384 mm). Measurable rainfall occurs on an average of 55.8 days annually. The wettest year on record was 1983 with 32.51 inches (826 mm) and the driest year was 2013 with 3.81 inches (97 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 12.43 inches (316 mm) in February 1998 and

3526-778: The Tokyo International Forum , which was completed in 1996. His firm's design was one of the finalists in the World Trade Center design competition. During the course of his 40-plus year career, Viñoly practiced in the United States, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Viñoly was a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects , an International Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects , and

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3612-496: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 25.8 square miles (67 km ), of which 23.9 square miles (62 km ) is land and 1.9 square miles (4.9 km ), comprising 7.38%, is water. The official elevation is 30 feet (9 m) above sea level, but the city boundaries reach well into the northern section of the Santa Cruz Mountains . Palo Alto is crossed by several creeks that flow north in

3698-486: The 1950s. Large amounts of land west of Foothill Expressway were annexed between 1959 and 1968; this is mostly undeveloped and includes Foothills Park and Arastradero Preserve . The last major annexations were of Barron Park in 1975 and, in 1979, a large area of marshlands bordering the bay. Many of Stanford University's first faculty members settled in the Professorville neighborhood of Palo Alto. Professorville, now

3784-491: The Bayside Canning Company became one of the largest in the world. In 1949 the Palo Alto cannery, now part of the Sutter Packing Company under the ownership of Safeway , closed; at the time it was the largest employer in Palo Alto with about a 1,000 workers. Various businesses used the building since including Fry's Electronics . Palo Alto is also home to a long-standing baseball tradition. The Palo Alto Oaks are

3870-584: The Palo Alto area. The area of modern Palo Alto was first recorded by the 1769 party of Gaspar de Portolá , a 64-man, 200-horse expedition setting out from San Diego to find Monterey Bay . The group trekked past the bay without recognizing it and continued north. When they reached modern-day Pacifica , they ascended Sweeney Ridge and saw the San Francisco Bay on November 2. Portolá descended from Sweeney Ridge southeast down San Andreas Creek to Laguna Creek (now Crystal Springs Reservoir ), thence to

3956-479: The Palo Alto community. Palo Alto lies in the southeastern section of the San Francisco Peninsula . It consists of two large parcels of land connected by a narrow corridor. The southern inland section, located south of Interstate 280 , is hilly, rural, and lightly populated and is the site of Pearson–Arastradero Preserve and Foothills Park both part of the Palo Alto park system and also large parts of

4042-634: The South Peninsula region of the San Francisco Bay Area, Palo Alto has a Mediterranean climate with mild, moderately wet winters and warm, dry summers. Typically, in the warmer months, as the sun goes down, the fog bank flows over the foothills to the west and covers the night sky, thus creating a blanket that helps trap the summer warmth absorbed during the day. Even so, it is rare for the overnight low temperature to exceed 60 °F (16 °C). In January, average daily temperatures range from

4128-675: The UAE National News , applauded Viñoly's "affinity for the nerdy, workmanlike challenges of designing complex institutional architecture: hospitals, a nanosystems institute, a cancer research center. His buildings often seem designed not to be photographed from the air but to be used and experienced – from both the inside and out. And he displays the distinctly unstar-like habit of designing structures that respect their neighbors." As well, Gravois observed, he deplores "the insidiousness of contemporary architectural culture", singling out for criticism buildings "that tend to do only one thing, which

4214-437: The age of 18 living in them, 13,975 (52.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,843 (7.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 659 (2.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 979 (3.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 188 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 7,982 households (30.1%) were made up of individuals, and 3,285 (12.4%) had someone living alone who

4300-712: The architects of the USA's National Nanotechnology Initiative, proposed four states of nanotechnology that seem to parallel the technical progress of the Industrial Revolution, of which productive nanosystems is the most advanced. 1. Passive nanostructures - nanoparticles and nanotubes that provide added strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, toughness, hydrophilic/phobic and/or other properties that emerge from their nanoscale structure. 2. Active nanodevices - nanostructures that change states in order to transform energy, information, and/or to perform useful functions. There

4386-582: The art of translation, or the conducting of Arturo Toscanini might form part of the table talk," wrote Louis Jebb, in The Art Newspaper . "The family moved to Buenos Aires when Rafael was five years old, after his father was invited to the city to direct Wagner's music drama Die Walküre at the city's Teatro Colón. Viñoly attended the University of Buenos Aires , receiving a Diploma in Architecture (1968) and

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4472-400: The center for trade to one of civics and culture"—a testimonial, Rockwell recalled, to "Rafael's love and belief in the power of beauty and culture." By contrast, Louis Jebb, writing in The Art Newspaper , focused on Viñoly's refusal to dismiss "nerdy", unglamorous projects as beneath him. "In an era when every 'starchitect' worth the name was chasing glamorous museum commissions, Viñoly

4558-544: The city council has seven members. The mayor and vice-mayor serve one year at a time, with terms ending in January. General municipal elections are held in November of even-numbered years. Council terms are four years long. According to one study in 2015, the city's effective property tax rate of 0.42% was the lowest of the California cities included in the study. In the California State Legislature , Palo Alto

4644-408: The city of San Jose a few miles to the south of what was to be Palo Alto) was established by order of the viceroy despite the displeasure of the local mission. The Mexican War of Independence ending in 1821 led to Mexico becoming an independent country, though San Jose did not recognize rule by the new Mexico until May 10, 1825. Mexico proceeded to sell off or grant much of the mission land. During

4730-631: The community that started nearby. On September 23, 1856, the Crosby land was transferred to Sarah Wallis to satisfy a debt he owed her. In 1880, Secundino Robles, father to twenty-nine children, still lived just south of Palo Alto, near the location of the present-day San Antonio Shopping Center in Mountain View. Many of the Spanish names in the Palo Alto area represent the local heritage, descriptive terms, and former residents. Pena Court, Miranda Avenue, which

4816-569: The direction of the San Francisco Bay, Adobe Creek near its eastern boundary, San Francisquito Creek on its western boundary, and Matadero Creek in between the other two. Arastradero Creek is a tributary to Matadero Creek, and Barron Creek is now diverted to Adobe Creek just south of Highway 101 by a diversion channel. The San Francisquito Creek mainstem is formed by the confluence of Corte Madera Creek and Bear Creek not far below Searsville Dam . Further downstream, Los Trancos Creek

4902-471: The discrete (i.e. atomic) nature of matter and the possibility of exponential growth, this stage is seen as the basis of another industrial revolution. There are currently many different approaches to building productive nanosystems: including top-down approaches like Patterned atomic layer epitaxy and Diamondoid Mechanosynthesis . There are also bottom-up approaches like DNA Origami and Bis-peptide Synthesis. A fifth step, info/bio/nano convergence,

4988-470: The end, he said, "it does one thing. You walk [between the two embracing wings] overlooking the ocean. All of a sudden, you feel you are good. You feel somehow that something has touched you that has changed the plane of the experience. Being elevated. It's like late Rembrandt." Beyond his buildings, Viñoly's legacy in the field, according to the Uruguayan-American architect Amir Kripper, includes paving

5074-403: The environmentally sensitive 4,448-acre lagoon on the nation's coast." Viñoly died from an aneurysm in New York City on 2 March 2023. He was 78. New York magazine's Curbed site remembered Viñoly in its obituary as "prolific and polarizing", the quintessential New York architect, committed to the "'relatively small, rocky island,' as he once called it, 'with this urban experiment, which

5160-586: The founding location of several other tech companies, including Apple , Google , Facebook , Logitech , Tesla , Intuit , IDEO , Pinterest , and PayPal . Ford Motor Company and Lockheed Martin each additionally maintain major research and technology facilities within Palo Alto. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Ohlone lived on the San Francisco peninsula; in particular, the Puichon Ohlone lived in

5246-455: The hotel referred to the phenomenon as the "Vdara death ray". In London, sunlight reflecting off 20 Fenchurch Street during the summer of 2013 melted parts on a parked Jaguar and scorched the carpet of a nearby barber shop. 432 Park Avenue has been the subject of numerous lawsuits and complaints regarding flooding, electrical problems, and excess building sway. A serious amateur pianist, Viñoly collaborated with piano builder Chris Maene on

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5332-561: The kind of attention normally reserved for our soccer players who emigrated to Europe to play in the English Premier, Spanish, or Italian Leagues," he wrote. Later, Kripper worked with Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti (former classmates of Viñoly's) at Machado and Silvetti Associates (now Machado Silvetti ) in Boston. "Our shared connection with Viñoly was an additional, beneficial layer to our rapport, and once again I found myself inspired by

5418-525: The lower reaches of San Francisquito Creek (i.e., parts of modern Menlo Park and northern Palo Alto) was given to Maria Antonia Mesa in 1841. She and her husband Rafael Soto (who had died in 1839) had settled in 1835 near present-day Newell and Middlefield roads and sold supplies. In 1839, their daughter María Luisa Soto (1817–1883) married John Coppinger, who was to be, in 1841, the grantee of Rancho Cañada de Raymundo (in modern San Mateo county). Upon Coppinger's death in 1847, Maria inherited it and later married

5504-516: The most rainfall in one day was 3.75 inches (95 mm) on February 3, 1998. Measurable snowfall is very rare in the populated areas of Palo Alto, but 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) fell on January 21, 1962. A dusting of snow occasionally occurs in the highest (unpopulated) section of Palo Alto near Skyline Ridge, where the elevation reaches up to 2,812 feet (857 m). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Palo Alto has

5590-601: The most was the Philadelphian magus Louis Kahn ": In a 2021 interview [...] Viñoly spoke about Kahn's celebrated Salk Institute building in La Jolla, California (1962-65), founded by Jonas Salk , the celebrated developer of a successful polio vaccine. First, Viñoly noted, the Salk Institute is a great laboratory—one where ground-breaking research in molecular biology is still done 60 years on. The acid functional test. But, at

5676-451: The new townsite. This Hopkins Tract, bounded by El Camino Real, San Francisquito Creek, Boyce, Channing, Melville, and Hopkins Avenues, and Embarcadero Road, was proclaimed a local Heritage District during Palo Alto's centennial in 1994. The Stanfords set up their university, Stanford University , and a train stop (on University Avenue) by the new town. This new community was initially called University Park (the name "Palo Alto" at that time

5762-466: The north-east, Mountain View , Los Altos , and Los Altos Hills to the east and south-east and Stanford University to the south-west and west. Several major transit routes cross this parcel from the north-west to the south-east. The biggest and closest to the bay is the Bayshore Freeway and going inland are Alma Street/Central Expressway , El Camino Real , and Foothill Expressway . Interstate 280

5848-510: The population was 68,572. Palo Alto has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and its residents are among the most educated in the country. However, it has a youth suicide rate four times higher than the national average, often attributed to academic pressure. As one of the principal cities of Silicon Valley , Palo Alto is home to the headquarters of multiple tech companies, including HP , Space Systems/Loral , VMware , and PARC . Palo Alto has also served as headquarters or

5934-404: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 24,644 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 58,598 people, 25,216 households, and 14,600 families residing in the city. The population density was 955.8/km (2,476/sq mi). There were 26,048 housing units at an average density of 424.9/km (1,100/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city

6020-407: The possibilities of stepping beyond cultural background, country of birth, and language, solely based on the work," wrote Kripper. He would go on to found Kripper Studio, a minority-owned architecture firm in Boston. "Viñoly was a bridge and an open door to the fact that ... a person with a clearly different name, with an accent included, could become an architect, an entrepreneur, a businessperson, and

6106-403: The same article. "People don't understand how important this kind of thing" – the human use of buildings, as opposed to architecture as monumental sculpture – "is. If you remember, 10, 15 years ago, if you weren't working on a museum you weren't an architect. With hospitals, that level of snobbism would never have been applicable—nobody gives a royal screw about that stuff". John Gravois, writing in

6192-658: The skyscrapers designed by Viñoly, the Vdara in Las Vegas and 20 Fenchurch Street in London, have experienced sun reflectivity problems as a result of their concave curved glass exteriors, which act as cylindrical and spherical reflectors, respectively. In 2010, the Las Vegas Review-Journal reported that sunlight reflecting off the Vdara's south-facing tower could make swimmers in the hotel pool uncomfortably warm and had been known to melt plastic cups and shopping bags; employees of

6278-464: The so-called " Walkie-Talkie ," which detractors dubbed the "Walkie Scorchy." It was named this after it focused light from the sun to a point and melted peoples' cars on August 30, 2013. Viñoly was born in Montevideo , Uruguay , on 1 June 1944, to Román Viñoly Barreto , a film and theater director, and Maria Beceiro, a math teacher. "It was a cultivated household where the architecture of Le Corbusier,

6364-579: The way "for architects coming to the U.S. from South America and getting major projects and recognition." In an Architect's Newspaper article headlined "Rafael Viñoly, who died in March, remains an inspiration to Latino/a architects in the United States," Kripper recalled "being mesmerized," as an undergraduate at the School of Architecture at Universidad de la República Uruguay, by photos of Viñoly's Tokyo International Forum. The Uruguayan architect "immediately received

6450-812: The way to San Jose started in January 1864. El Camino became Main Street; the northeast–southwest cross streets were named for Civil War heroes, with California Avenue originally being Lincoln Street. The town had its own newspaper by 1869 (the Mayfield Enterprise , in English and Spanish), incorporated in 1903, and had breweries and a cannery. In 1875, French financier Jean Baptiste Paulin Caperon, better known as Peter Coutts, purchased land in Mayfield and four other parcels around three sides of today's College Terrace – more than

6536-544: Was 41,359 (64.2%) White , 17,461 (27.1%) Asian , 1,197 (1.9%) African American , 121 (0.2%) Native American , 142 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 1,426 (2.2%) from other races , and 2,697 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,974 persons (6.2%). The Census reported that 63,820 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 205 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 378 (0.6%) were institutionalized. There were 26,493 households, out of which 8,624 (32.6%) had children under

6622-422: Was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 93.0 males. There were 28,216 housing units at an average density of 1,094.2 units per square mile (422.5 units/km ), of which 14,766 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 11,727 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 39,176 people (60.8% of

6708-441: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 93.6 males. According to

6794-422: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41. There were 16,477 families (62.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.04. The population was spread out, with 15,079 people (23.4%) under the age of 18, 3,141 people (4.9%) aged 18 to 24, 17,159 people (26.6%) aged 25 to 44, 18,018 people (28.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,006 people (17.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

6880-538: Was 75.76% White , 2.02% Black , 0.21% Native American , 17.22% Asian , 0.14% Pacific Islander , 1.41% from other races , and 3.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.65% of the population. There were 25,216 households, of which 27.2% had resident children under the age of 18, 48.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.1% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who

6966-459: Was attached to what is now College Terrace), but was incorporated in 1894 with the name Palo Alto. With the Stanfords' support, Palo Alto grew to the size of Mayfield. Mayfield eventually passed an ordinance banning saloons that took effect in January 1905. On July 2, 1925, Palo Alto voters approved the annexation of Mayfield and the two communities were officially consolidated on July 6, 1925. As

7052-560: Was bounded on the south by Mariano Castro's Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas grant across San Antonio Road. This later became the Robles Rancho, which constitutes about 80% of Palo Alto and Stanford University today. In 1863, it was whittled down in the courts to 6,981 acres (28.25 km ). Stories say the grand hacienda was built on the former meager adobe of José Peña near Ferne off San Antonio Road, midway between Middlefield and Alma Street. Their hacienda hosted fiestas and bull fights. It

7138-460: Was essentially Foothill Expressway , was the married name of Juana Briones and the name occurs in Courts and Avenues and other street names in Palo Alto and Mountain View in the quadrant where she owned vast areas between Stanford University, Grant Road in Mountain View and west of El Camino Real. Yerba Buena was to her credit. Rinconada was the major Mexican land grant name. The township of Mayfield

7224-465: Was formed in 1855, around the site of a stagecoach stop and saloon known as "Uncle Jim's Cabin" near the intersection of El Camino Real and today's California Avenue in what is now southern Palo Alto. In October 1863 the San Francisco to San Jose railroad had been built as far as Mayfield and service started between San Francisco and Mayfield (the station is now California Avenue ); train service all

7310-429: Was just as happy to be recognized for his work with laboratories, hospitals and universities," wrote Jebb. "The architects he most admired included, historically, Andrea Palladio , and in the modern era Oscar Niemeyer , creator of Brasília , and the minimalist master Mies van der Rohe , whose Seagram Building (completed 1958) was Viñoly's favorite in New York. But the forebear whose buildings appeared to have moved him

7396-406: Was ruined in the 1906 earthquake and its lumber was used to build a large barn nearby, which was said to have lingered until the early 1950s. On April 10, 1853, 250 acres (1.0 km ), comprising the present-day Barron Park, Matadero Creek and Stanford Business Park, was sold for $ 2,000 to Elisha Oscar Crosby , who called his new property Mayfield Farm. The name of Mayfield was later attached to

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