123-508: Clerks is a 1994 American black-and-white comedy film written and directed by Kevin Smith in his feature directorial debut . Starring Smith along with Brian O'Halloran , Jeff Anderson , Marilyn Ghigliotti , Lisa Spoonauer , Jason Mewes , and Scott Mosier (with whom he also produced and edited the film), it presents a day in the lives of store clerks Dante Hicks (O'Halloran) and Randal Graves (Anderson) as well as their acquaintances. It
246-574: A Broadway play after seeing the Theresa Rebeck comedy Seminar starring Alan Rickman , with whom Smith had previously worked on Dogma . On December 10, 2012, Smith released a special Hollywood Babble-On episode, Hollywood Babble-On #000: GIANT SIZED ANNUAL # 1: CLERKS III, AUDIENCE 0 , in which he revealed greater details on his plans for Clerks III . Smith stated that an ongoing audit over residuals from Clerks II with The Weinstein Company
369-594: A Mallrats sequel had been turned into plans for a Mallrats TV series. In July 2019, Smith announced that he would do a live reading of Clerks III at the First Avenue Playhouse in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey . The reading was held on August 3, 2019. That same month, Smith revealed at San Diego Comic-Con that he was writing a new script for Clerks III and promised to make the film. On October 1, 2019, Smith confirmed on Instagram that Clerks III
492-457: A Mooby 's restaurant after Randal accidentally destroys the Quick Stop and RST Video while the latter two, having sobered up after six months in rehab, continue their drug selling antics in the parking lot of the restaurant. During interviews for Clerks II , Smith briefly discussed the possibility of a Clerks III . Stating that "if there's ever gonna be a Clerks III , it would be somewhere down
615-411: A blood test for biomarkers (the cardiac protein troponin ). When there is evidence of an MI, it may be classified as an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) based on the results of an ECG . The phrase "heart attack" is often used non-specifically to refer to myocardial infarction. An MI is different from—but can cause— cardiac arrest , where
738-658: A cold sweat , feeling tired , and decreased level of consciousness . About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or feel tired. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure , an irregular heartbeat , cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest . Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease . Risk factors include high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , lack of exercise , obesity , high blood cholesterol , poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake . The complete blockage of
861-475: A coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms , which may be due to cocaine , significant emotional stress (often known as Takotsubo syndrome or broken heart syndrome ) and extreme cold, among others. Many tests are helpful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests and coronary angiography . An ECG, which
984-481: A 10 year anniversary Q&A with Smith, Mosier, Mewes, O'Halloran, Anderson, Marilyn Ghigliotti , and cinematographer David Klein , and eight articles and reviews. Many of these features feature new video introductions from Smith and Mosier. All these features were carried over to the 15th Anniversary Blu-ray on November 17, 2009, along with a new documentary, Oh, What a Lovely Tea Party —originally made for Smith's 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back . Unlike
1107-408: A DVD on June 29, 1999. The laserdisc and DVD versions feature the original letterboxed version of the film, audio commentary by Smith and various cast and crew members, seven deleted scenes from the film, a theatrical trailer , and a music video for Soul Asylum 's "Can't Even Tell" directed by Smith which features him, Mewes, Anderson and O'Halloran reprising their roles from the film. The film
1230-474: A benefit of 15 to 45%. Physical activity can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and people at risk are advised to engage in 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic exercise a week. Keeping a healthy weight, drinking alcohol within the recommended limits, and quitting smoking reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Substituting unsaturated fats such as olive oil and rapeseed oil instead of saturated fats may reduce
1353-487: A cameo as her character Alyssa Jones , who'd later appear in further View Askewniverse films, for the tenth anniversary DVD release. The "lost scene" was also presented in comic-book form of the Clerks comic book series, with the title of "The Lost Scene". The original ending for the film was meant to continue from when Randal throws the "I Assure You We're Open" sign to Dante. After Randal leaves, Dante proceeds to count out
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#17330926033311476-404: A comedic film with a dark ending. Lee's name can also be seen in the "special thanks" portion of the credits. Smith also stated that he ended Clerks with Dante's death because he "didn't know how to end a film". Both versions are available in Clerks X , the tenth-anniversary special edition; the lost ending itself was among the extras on the 1995 LaserDisc and the 1999 DVD release; Smith states in
1599-428: A common, and sometimes the only symptom, occurring when damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle , with breathlessness arising either from low oxygen in the blood or pulmonary edema . Other less common symptoms include weakness, light-headedness , palpitations , and abnormalities in heart rate or blood pressure . These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from
1722-418: A knack for writing weird, sometimes brilliant, dialogue." Peter Travers gave the film four out of four stars, calling attention to Anderson's "deadpan comic brilliance" and writing that "Smith nails the obsessive verbal wrangling of smart, stalled twentysomethings who can't figure out how to get their ideas into motion." When released, the film was noted for its realism and memorable characters. Clerks won
1845-480: A late consequence of Kawasaki disease . Calcium deposits in the coronary arteries can be detected with CT scans . Calcium seen in coronary arteries can provide predictive information beyond that of classical risk factors. High blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine is associated with premature atherosclerosis; whether elevated homocysteine in the normal range is causal is controversial. In people without evident coronary artery disease , possible causes for
1968-584: A movie that stars Jeff and @briancohalloran, with me and Jay in supporting roles. And it'll be a movie called CLERKS III!" The new script will follow Randal, after surviving a heart attack, and Dante making a movie about their lives at the store, a plot initially conceived as a film adaptation of Clerks: The Animated Series titled Clerks: Sell Out . Principal photography began on August 2, 2021, in Red Bank, New Jersey . Filming wrapped on August 31, 2021. Clerks III had its world premiere on September 4, 2022, at
2091-431: A myocardial infarction before age 55 years, or a female first-degree relative (mother, sister) less than age 65 increases a person's risk of MI. Genome-wide association studies have found 27 genetic variants that are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. The strongest association of MI has been found with chromosome 9 on the short arm p at locus 21, which contains genes CDKN2A and 2B, although
2214-463: A myocardial infarction increases with older age, low physical activity, and low socioeconomic status . Heart attacks appear to occur more commonly in the morning hours, especially between 6AM and noon. Evidence suggests that heart attacks are at least three times more likely to occur in the morning than in the late evening. Shift work is also associated with a higher risk of MI. One analysis has found an increase in heart attacks immediately following
2337-406: A myocardial infarction. Spasm of coronary arteries, such as Prinzmetal's angina may cause blockage. If impaired blood flow to the heart lasts long enough, it triggers a process called the ischemic cascade ; the heart cells in the territory of the blocked coronary artery die ( infarction ), chiefly through necrosis , and do not grow back. A collagen scar forms in their place. When an artery
2460-543: A myocardial infarction. The flow of blood can be imaged, and contrast dyes may be given to improve image. Other scans using radioactive contrast include SPECT CT-scans using thallium , sestamibi ( MIBI scans ) or tetrofosmin ; or a PET scan using Fludeoxyglucose or rubidium-82 . These nuclear medicine scans can visualize the perfusion of heart muscle. SPECT may also be used to determine viability of tissue, and whether areas of ischemia are inducible. Medical societies and professional guidelines recommend that
2583-637: A person localizes the chest pain by clenching one or both fists over their sternum , has classically been thought to be predictive of cardiac chest pain, although a prospective observational study showed it had a poor positive predictive value . Typically, chest pain because of ischemia, be it unstable angina or myocardial infarction, lessens with the use of nitroglycerin , but nitroglycerin may also relieve chest pain arising from non-cardiac causes. Chest pain may be accompanied by sweating , nausea or vomiting, and fainting , and these symptoms may also occur without any pain at all. Dizziness or lightheadedness
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#17330926033312706-407: A previous heart attack is also suggestive. The pain associated with MI is usually diffuse, does not change with position, and lasts for more than 20 minutes. It might be described as pressure, tightness, knifelike, tearing, burning sensation (all these are also manifested during other diseases). It could be felt as an unexplained anxiety, and pain might be absent altogether. Levine's sign , in which
2829-651: A retail clerk at the Quick Stop Groceries convenience store in Leonardo, New Jersey , is instructed by his boss via phone call to cover another employee's morning shift. Dante asks to end early at noon to play a hockey game with friends later that day, with the boss coming in himself. Arriving to find the locks to the security shutters jammed closed with gum, he drapes a sheet over the shutters with "I ASSURE YOU; WE'RE OPEN!" in shoe polish; he repeatedly laments, "I'm not even supposed to be here today." The first customer of
2952-554: A rise in biomarkers, a rise in the ST segment , changes in the shape or flipping of T waves , new Q waves , or a new left bundle branch block can be used to diagnose an AMI. In addition, ST elevation can be used to diagnose an ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI). A rise must be new in V2 and V3 ≥2 mm (0,2 mV) for males or ≥1.5 mm (0.15 mV) for females or ≥1 mm (0.1 mV) in two other adjacent chest or limb leads . ST elevation
3075-509: A script for Clerks III from March to May 2013, stating when he completed it that it was " The Empire Strikes Back " of the series. In July 2013, Mewes stated that they were now just waiting to hear back from The Weinstein Company about funding. On September 26, 2014, Smith stated on his Hollywood Babble-On podcast, that he was glad that he made Tusk , stating: "Everything in my life would suck right now if I hadn't made that movie. I'm back in movies now. I've got three lined up, and this
3198-409: A series of leads placed on a person's chest that measure electrical activity associated with contraction of the heart muscle. The taking of an ECG is an important part of the workup of an AMI, and ECGs are often not just taken once but may be repeated over minutes to hours, or in response to changes in signs or symptoms. ECG readouts produce a waveform with different labeled features. In addition to
3321-406: A significant effect on blood cholesterol and thus recommendations about its consumption may not be needed. Trans fats do appear to increase risk. Acute and prolonged intake of high quantities of alcoholic drinks (3–4 or more daily) increases the risk of a heart attack. Family history of ischemic heart disease or MI, particularly if one has a male first-degree relative (father, brother) who had
3444-427: A stage actor local to Kevin Smith, discovered an audition notice for the film that Smith gave to his community theatre. O'Halloran answered the notice and auditioned, unaware that he would be cast as the film's main character Dante; during auditioning, O'Halloran was informed by a friend of Smith's that all of the main characters were already cast. Smith originally wrote the part of Randal for himself, dryly admitting in
3567-498: Is notified that his boss is vacationing in Vermont , leaving him to run the store. Dante convinces his friends to have their hockey game on the roof, and temporarily closes it down. Twelve minutes in, an irate customer arrives, demanding that Dante open the store and criticizing his playing, and ultimately sabotages the game. After Dante discovers that an ex-girlfriend of his, Julie Dwyer, has passed away, he and Randal temporarily depart for
3690-601: Is a known risk factor, particularly high low-density lipoprotein , low high-density lipoprotein , and high triglycerides . Many risk factors for myocardial infarction are potentially modifiable, with the most important being tobacco smoking (including secondhand smoke ). Smoking appears to be the cause of about 36% and obesity the cause of 20% of coronary artery disease . Lack of physical activity has been linked to 7–12% of cases. Less common causes include stress-related causes such as job stress , which accounts for about 3% of cases, and chronic high stress levels. There
3813-454: Is a recording of the heart's electrical activity, may confirm an ST elevation MI ( STEMI ), if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB . Treatment of an MI is time-critical. Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen
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3936-795: Is also an important modifiable risk. Short-term exposure to air pollution such as carbon monoxide , nitrogen dioxide , and sulfur dioxide (but not ozone ) has been associated with MI and other acute cardiovascular events. For sudden cardiac deaths, every increment of 30 units in Pollutant Standards Index correlated with an 8% increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on the day of exposure. Extremes of temperature are also associated. A number of acute and chronic infections including Chlamydophila pneumoniae , influenza , Helicobacter pylori , and Porphyromonas gingivalis among others have been linked to atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction can also occur as
4059-499: Is associated with infarction, and may be preceded by changes indicating ischemia, such as ST depression or inversion of the T waves. Abnormalities can help differentiate the location of an infarct, based on the leads that are affected by changes. Early STEMIs may be preceded by peaked T waves. Other ECG abnormalities relating to complications of acute myocardial infarctions may also be evident, such as atrial or ventricular fibrillation . Noninvasive imaging plays an important role in
4182-511: Is blocked, cells lack oxygen , needed to produce ATP in mitochondria . ATP is required for the maintenance of electrolyte balance, particularly through the Na/K ATPase . This leads to an ischemic cascade of intracellular changes, necrosis and apoptosis of affected cells. Cells in the area with the worst blood supply, just below the inner surface of the heart ( endocardium ), are most susceptible to damage. Ischemia first affects this region,
4305-433: Is common and occurs due to reduction in oxygen and blood to the brain. In females, the most common symptoms of myocardial infarction include shortness of breath, weakness, and fatigue . Females are more likely to have unusual or unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting as symptoms. Females having heart attacks are more likely to have palpitations, back pain, labored breath, vomiting, and left arm pain than males, although
4428-477: Is not the only cause of myocardial infarction, but it may exacerbate or contribute to other causes. A myocardial infarction may result from a heart with a limited blood supply subject to increased oxygen demands, such as in fever, a fast heart rate , hyperthyroidism , too few red blood cells in the bloodstream , or low blood pressure . Damage or failure of procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) may cause
4551-430: Is one of the most common symptoms of acute myocardial infarction and is often described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen . The pain most suggestive of an acute MI, with the highest likelihood ratio , is pain radiating to the right arm and shoulder. Similarly, chest pain similar to
4674-414: Is recommended in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In a STEMI, treatments attempt to restore blood flow to the heart and include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where the arteries are pushed open and may be stented , or thrombolysis , where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI ) are often managed with
4797-413: Is sometimes used to refer to a binary image consisting solely of pure black pixels and pure white ones; what would normally be called a black-and-white image, that is, an image containing shades of gray, is referred to in this context as grayscale . Myocardial infarction A myocardial infarction ( MI ), commonly known as a heart attack , occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of
4920-412: Is still unable to be distributed to the affected myocardium despite clearing the occlusion—also contributes to myocardial injury. Topical endothelial swelling is one of many factors contributing to this phenomenon. A myocardial infarction, according to current consensus, is defined by elevated cardiac biomarkers with a rising or falling trend and at least one of the following: A myocardial infarction
5043-402: Is the first of Smith's View Askewniverse films, and introduces several recurring characters, notably Jay and Silent Bob (played by Mewes and Smith respectively). Clerks was initially shot for $ 27,575 before its film rights were purchased by Miramax and $ 230,000 was spent on music licensing and editing. It was shot in the convenience and video stores where Smith worked in real life. Clerks
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5166-433: Is the fucking grand news. Tusk was the absolute bridge to Clerks III . Because of Tusk , I got my financing for Clerks III ". Smith continued: "A year and change ago, I was trying to fucking desperately get Clerks III made for the 20th anniversary. And that desperation, I must have reeked of it, because I couldn't fucking find money and shit. But it was Tusk , it was people going 'Holy fuck! What else do you have?' And I
5289-457: Is usually clinically classified as an ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). These are based on ST elevation , a portion of a heartbeat graphically recorded on an ECG . STEMIs make up about 25–40% of myocardial infarctions. A more explicit classification system, based on international consensus in 2012, also exists. This classifies myocardial infarctions into five types: There are many different biomarkers used to determine
5412-445: Is varying evidence about the importance of saturated fat in the development of myocardial infarctions. Eating polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fats has been shown in studies to be associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction, while other studies find little evidence that reducing dietary saturated fat or increasing polyunsaturated fat intake affects heart attack risk. Dietary cholesterol does not appear to have
5535-603: The Sundance Film Festival in early 1994, Clerks was picked up by Miramax Films and released in theaters. It also became a surprise hit, grossing over $ 3 million in the United States despite never playing on more than 100 theater screens in the United States at the same time. It grossed $ 1.3 million internationally for a worldwide gross of $ 4.4 million. Clerks was re-released on October 18th and 19th, 2024 in select Cineplex theaters for its 30th anniversary. Clerks
5658-414: The coronary arteries of the heart , causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle . The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. The pain may occasionally feel like heartburn . This is the dangerous type of Acute coronary syndrome . Other symptoms may include shortness of breath , nausea , feeling faint ,
5781-661: The elderly , in those with diabetes mellitus and after heart transplantation . In people with diabetes, differences in pain threshold , autonomic neuropathy , and psychological factors have been cited as possible explanations for the lack of symptoms. In heart transplantation, the donor heart is not fully innervated by the nervous system of the recipient. The most prominent risk factors for myocardial infarction are older age, actively smoking , high blood pressure , diabetes mellitus , and total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels. Many risk factors of myocardial infarction are shared with coronary artery disease ,
5904-480: The health impact assessment of regional and local plans and policies. Most guidelines recommend combining different preventive strategies. A 2015 Cochrane Review found some evidence that such an approach might help with blood pressure , body mass index and waist circumference . However, there was insufficient evidence to show an effect on mortality or actual cardio-vascular events. Statins , drugs that act to lower blood cholesterol, decrease
6027-522: The single nucleotide polymorphisms that are implicated are within a non-coding region. The majority of these variants are in regions that have not been previously implicated in coronary artery disease. The following genes have an association with MI: PCSK9 , SORT1 , MIA3 , WDR12 , MRAS , PHACTR1 , LPA , TCF21 , MTHFDSL , ZC3HC1 , CDKN2A , 2B , ABO , PDGF0 , APOA5 , MNF1ASM283 , COL4A1 , HHIPC1 , SMAD3 , ADAMTS7 , RAS1 , SMG6 , SNF8 , LDLR , SLC5A3 , MRPS6 , KCNE2 . The risk of having
6150-481: The subendocardial region, and tissue begins to die within 15–30 minutes of loss of blood supply. The dead tissue is surrounded by a zone of potentially reversible ischemia that progresses to become a full-thickness transmural infarct. The initial "wave" of infarction can take place over 3–4 hours. These changes are seen on gross pathology and cannot be predicted by the presence or absence of Q waves on an ECG. The position, size and extent of an infarct depends on
6273-551: The sympathetic nervous system , which occurs in response to pain and, where present, low blood pressure . Loss of consciousness can occur in myocardial infarctions due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock , and sudden death , frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation . When the brain was without oxygen for too long due to a myocardial infarction, coma and persistent vegetative state can occur. Cardiac arrest, and atypical symptoms such as palpitations , occur more frequently in females,
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#17330926033316396-501: The "Award of the Youth" and the "Mercedes-Benz Award" at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival , tied with Fresh for the "Filmmakers Trophy" at the Sundance Film Festival and was nominated for three Independent Spirit Awards (Best First Feature, Best First Screenplay and Jeff Anderson for Best Debut Performance). In 2000, readers of Total Film voted Clerks the 16th-greatest comedy film of all time and in 2006, Empire listed Clerks as
6519-488: The "Cat Admiring Bitter Customer", as well as the final RST Video customer in a deleted scene. Smith never intended for Flanagan to play this many roles, but had to as the actors he got to play them just did not show up, and would often, in jest, refer to Flanagan as "the Lon Chaney of the '90s". Flanagan would also appear in Smith's subsequent films as Walt "The Fanboy" Grover opposite Johnson's Steve-Dave. Brian O'Halloran ,
6642-637: The Count Basie Center for the Arts in Red Bank, New Jersey and was released on September 13, 2022, by Lionsgate and Fathom Events . Following Clerks , Smith set several more films in the same "world", which he calls the View Askewniverse of overlapping characters and stories. Of all of Smith's films, however, Clerks is the one with the most direct spin-off products. A pilot for a live-action TV series
6765-456: The DVD audio commentary to be the reason why he gave Randal his most-liked lines. However, Smith found that writing, directing, working at the store and playing a lead role all simultaneously was too difficult, and he constantly forgot his lines in the process, so he gave the role of Randal to his friend, Jeff Anderson , while Smith took on the less-demanding role of Silent Bob. To acquire the funds for
6888-525: The Independent Feature Film Market, and under Pierson's advice, Smith cut the ending short, ending with Randal's departure and deleting Dante's death. Fans have since analyzed the death of Dante as an homage to the ending of The Empire Strikes Back (1980), which is discussed earlier in the film as Dante's favorite Star Wars movie because "it ended on such a down note". The film's extended cut also implied that, because Randal disconnected
7011-532: The RST Video rental store next door, although he mostly keeps Dante company at the Quick Stop. Dante finds out from him that his unfaithful ex-girlfriend Caitlin Bree, with whom he still secretly communicates, is engaged. Some customers they encounter are angry and demanding, others are clueless and impolite, and still others prove unexpectedly wise. During lunch, Dante and Veronica reconcile their respective sexual pasts. Dante
7134-471: The United States. In the developed world, the risk of death in those who have had a STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010. In 2011, an MI was one of the top five most expensive conditions during inpatient hospitalizations in the US, with a cost of about $ 11.5 billion for 612,000 hospital stays. Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death ( infarction ) of
7257-432: The acute diagnostic algorithm; however, it can confirm a clinical suspicion of Chronic Coronary Syndrome when the patient's history, physical examination (including cardiac examination ) ECG, and cardiac biomarkers suggest coronary artery disease. Echocardiography , an ultrasound scan of the heart, is able to visualize the heart, its size, shape, and any abnormal motion of the heart walls as they beat that may indicate
7380-409: The affected artery, totality of the blockage, duration of the blockage, the presence of collateral blood vessels , oxygen demand, and success of interventional procedures. Tissue death and myocardial scarring alter the normal conduction pathways of the heart and weaken affected areas. The size and location put a person at risk of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or heart block , aneurysm of
7503-628: The audio commentary on the 1999 DVD that had he kept the original ending, likely no further View Askewniverse films would have been made. The culprit in question was played by Smith's cousin John Willyung, who went on to appear in Smith's later films (most notably as Cohee Lunden in Chasing Amy and Clerks III and as himself in Jay and Silent Bob Reboot ). On their movie review show , Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert (both of whom had given thumbs-up reviews to
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#17330926033317626-647: The blood thinner heparin , with the additional use of PCI in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty . After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long-term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers and statins , are typically recommended. Worldwide, about 15.9 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2015. More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI, and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in
7749-407: The conversation and questions Dante about his earlier whereabouts, then fines him $ 500 for selling cigarettes to a four-year-old, even though Randal actually sold them. Afterwards, Caitlin visits Dante, having ended her engagement. Torn between her and Veronica, he finally pursues a date with Caitlin, returning to his house to prepare. However, an incident in the store bathroom renders her catatonic; in
7872-418: The credits roll – the soundtrack over it being a cash register making noises – a customer (played by Smith with his beard shaved off) wearing glasses and in a ponytail and a baseball jersey comes into the store, sees no one around (as Dante is lying dead behind the counter), steals a pack of cigarettes, and runs off. The depressing ending was criticized by Bob Hawk and John Pierson after its first screening at
7995-832: The crowd down with a fire extinguisher, and confronts the man, who is revealed to be a Chewlies representative wishing to sell more gum. She then orders him out along with the crowd, chiding them for wasting their lives. Shortly after, Dante and Veronica converse behind the counter regarding Dante's current disposition. She then encounters an old boyfriend of hers, a customer named Willam Black, and admits to Dante that she engaged in snowballing with Black and performed fellatio on 36 other guys before their current relationship. Dante jealously considers her past acts as more severe than his own, which include having sex with twelve different women before her. She then storms out, furious with Dante's insensitivity. Dante's best friend, wisecracking slacker Randal Graves, soon arrives late for his own workday at
8118-522: The darkness, she had sex with who she thought was Dante but was really an elderly customer who suffered a fatal heart attack while masturbating to a pornographic magazine Dante provided him earlier. She is carted away in an ambulance along with the corpse. Drug dealers Jay and Silent Bob enter the Quick Stop to shoplift and unsuccessfully invite Dante to party with them after hours. Aware of Dante's problems, Silent Bob tersely reasons that he truly loves Veronica, but Randal reveals he has already confessed
8241-416: The day is a man who attempts to convince cigarette-buying customers that they should buy Chewlies brand gum instead of cigarettes, displaying a bag containing what he claims is a diseased human lung corroded by tar. A crowd soon gathers around Dante, hostilely blaming him for the ills of cancer because he sells cigarettes at the man's impassioned urging. Dante's girlfriend Veronica Loughran enters, quickly calms
8364-405: The diagnosis and characterisation of myocardial infarction. Tests such as chest X-rays can be used to explore and exclude alternate causes of a person's symptoms. Echocardiography may assist in modifying clinical suspicion of ongoing myocardial infarction in patients that can't be ruled out or ruled in following initial ECG and Troponin testing. Myocardial perfusion imaging has no role in
8487-613: The diagnostic accuracy of troponin testing is improving over time. One high-sensitivity cardiac troponin can rule out a heart attack as long as the ECG is normal. Other tests, such as CK-MB or myoglobin , are discouraged. CK-MB is not as specific as troponins for acute myocardial injury, and may be elevated with past cardiac surgery, inflammation or electrical cardioversion; it rises within 4–8 hours and returns to normal within 2–3 days. Copeptin may be useful to rule out MI rapidly when used along with troponin. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are
8610-414: The elderly, those with diabetes, in people who have just had surgery, and in critically ill patients. "Silent" myocardial infarctions can happen without any symptoms at all. These cases can be discovered later on electrocardiograms , using blood enzyme tests, or at autopsy after a person has died. Such silent myocardial infarctions represent between 22 and 64% of all infarctions, and are more common in
8733-405: The film has a weighted average score of 70 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of a possible four, praising it for interestingly depicting a full day of "utterly authentic" middle-class life, adding: "Within the limitations of his bare-bones production, Smith shows great invention, a natural feel for human comedy, and
8856-468: The film in 1994) had a special segment on a November 1995 episode that presented and discussed this original ending. Siskel said that having the alternate ending could have worked but it would have to be longer with more build-up to suggest that something like this could happen, while Ebert said he understood Smith's desire to do something memorable/shocking to end the film but concluded "ultimately, I'm glad Smith decided to spare Dante." Originally playing at
8979-400: The film with the more commercially viable "R" rating, without any alterations. The events of Julie Dwyer's wake were written by Smith but were not filmed due to the prohibitive cost of producing the scene. In 2004, the scene was produced in colored animation using the same style of Clerks: The Animated Series , featured O'Halloran and Anderson reprising their roles and Joey Lauren Adams in
9102-422: The film, Smith sold off a large portion of his extensive comic book collection in 1993, which he later bought back; borrowed $ 3,000 from his parents; maxed out eight to ten credit cards with $ 2,000 limits; and spent a portion of funds he got back from his college education, paychecks from working at Quick Stop and RST, and insurance money awarded for property of his lost and/or damaged in a storm-flood, thus adding up
9225-485: The film. It has been noted that Clerks is one of the very few films in which the cost of obtaining the rights to the music used was a great portion of the production costs for the entire film. The Soul Asylum song "Can't Even Tell", which was played over the film's end credits and featured on the soundtrack, peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1994. The music video for
9348-447: The fourth greatest independent film. The film is also No. 33 on Bravo 's 100 Funniest Movies. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly ranked it 13th on "The Cult 25: The Essential Left-Field Movie Hits Since '83" and 21st on "The Comedy 25: The Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years". Also in 2008, Empire named it one of their "500 Greatest Movies of All-Time", placing it 361st on the list. The film
9471-630: The greatest support is the Mediterranean diet . Vitamins and mineral supplements are of no proven benefit, and neither are plant stanols or sterols . Public health measures may also act at a population level to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, for example by reducing unhealthy diets (excessive salt, saturated fat, and trans-fat) including food labeling and marketing requirements as well as requirements for catering and restaurants and stimulating physical activity. This may be part of regional cardiovascular disease prevention programs or through
9594-465: The heart is not contracting at all or so poorly that all vital organs cease to function, thus leading to death. It is also distinct from heart failure , in which the pumping action of the heart is impaired. However, an MI may lead to heart failure. Chest pain that may or may not radiate to other parts of the body is the most typical and significant symptom of myocardial infarction. It might be accompanied by other symptoms such as sweating. Chest pain
9717-410: The heart muscle ( myocardium ) caused by ischemia , the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue. It is a type of acute coronary syndrome , which describes a sudden or short-term change in symptoms related to blood flow to the heart. Unlike the other type of acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina , a myocardial infarction occurs when there is cell death , which can be estimated by measuring by
9840-441: The heart ventricles , inflammation of the heart wall following infarction, and rupture of the heart wall that can have catastrophic consequences. Injury to the myocardium also occurs during re-perfusion. This might manifest as ventricular arrhythmia. The re-perfusion injury is a consequence of the calcium and sodium uptake from the cardiac cells and the release of oxygen radicals during reperfusion. No-reflow phenomenon—when blood
9963-729: The heart, lungs , gastrointestinal tract , aorta , and other muscles, bones and nerves surrounding the chest. In addition to myocardial infarction, other causes include angina , insufficient blood supply ( ischemia ) to the heart muscles without evidence of cell death, gastroesophageal reflux disease ; pulmonary embolism , tumors of the lungs, pneumonia , rib fracture , costochondritis , heart failure and other musculoskeletal injuries. Rarer severe differential diagnoses include aortic dissection , esophageal rupture , tension pneumothorax , and pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade . The chest pain in an MI may mimic heartburn . Causes of sudden-onset breathlessness generally involve
10086-402: The incidence and mortality rates of myocardial infarctions. They are often recommended in those at an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin has been studied extensively in people considered at increased risk of myocardial infarction. Based on numerous studies in different groups (e.g. people with or without diabetes), there does not appear to be a benefit strong enough to outweigh
10209-456: The initial 1999 DVD, Clerks X is no longer in print. The soundtrack was released on October 11, 1994 by Columbia Records under their Chaos imprint. It was composed of various new and previously released songs by alternative rock , grunge and punk rock artists such as Bad Religion , Love Among Freaks , Alice in Chains and Soul Asylum . The soundtrack also featured various sound clips from
10332-456: The late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries were often developed in black and white, as an alternative to sepia due to limitations in film available at the time. Black and white was also prevalent in early television broadcasts, which were displayed by changing the intensity of monochrome phosphurs on the inside of the screen, before the introduction of colour from the 1950s onwards. Black and white continues to be used in certain sections of
10455-666: The lungs or heart – including pulmonary edema , pneumonia, allergic reactions and asthma , and pulmonary embolus, acute respiratory distress syndrome and metabolic acidosis . There are many different causes of fatigue, and myocardial infarction is not a common cause. There is a large crossover between the lifestyle and activity recommendations to prevent a myocardial infarction, and those that may be adopted as secondary prevention after an initial myocardial infarction, because of shared risk factors and an aim to reduce atherosclerosis affecting heart vessels. The influenza vaccine also appear to protect against myocardial infarction with
10578-465: The memorial service. The visit is disastrous, and the two flee the funeral home; their conversation when they return to the store reveals that Randal accidentally toppled Julie's casket. Two of Dante's former high school classmates, Rick Derris and Heather Jones, inform him that everyone in their graduating class, except for him, knew of Caitlin's infidelity and that Rick even had sexual intercourse with Caitlin. A health department representative interrupts
10701-458: The modern arts field, either stylistically or to invoke the perception of a historic work or setting. Since the late 1960s, few mainstream films have been shot in black-and-white. The reasons are frequently commercial, as it is difficult to sell a film for television broadcasting if the film is not in color. 1961 was the last year in which the majority of Hollywood films were released in black and white. In computing terminology, black-and-white
10824-406: The movie contains no violence aside from Dante and Randal's fight near the end, no sex and no clearly depicted nudity. This had serious financial implications, as very few cinemas in the United States screened NC-17 films. Miramax Films hired civil liberties lawyer Alan Dershowitz to appeal the decision. However, the case was ultimately argued by a Miramax Films lawyer. The MPAA relented and re-rated
10947-507: The movie. Many of Smith's family and friends played roles due to budget constraints. One of them, Walt Flanagan , who, in addition to creating the character of Silent Bob's Russian metal-head cousin Olaf, plays four roles in this film: The "Woolen Cap Smoker" in the beginning, the famous "Egg Man" (both in which he reprises in Clerks III ), the "Offended Customer" during the "jizz mopper" scene, and
11070-610: The myocardial infarction are coronary spasm or coronary artery dissection . The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque on an artery supplying heart muscle. Plaques can become unstable, rupture, and additionally promote the formation of a blood clot that blocks the artery; this can occur in minutes. Blockage of an artery can lead to tissue death in tissue being supplied by that artery. Atherosclerotic plaques are often present for decades before they result in symptoms. The gradual buildup of cholesterol and fibrous tissue in plaques in
11193-461: The next day off to visit Caitlin in the hospital and attempt reconciliation with Veronica. Before departing, Randal tosses Dante's shoe-polish sign in his face and declares, "You're closed!" When writing the script, writer and director Kevin Smith based the character of Dante Hicks on himself, Randal Graves on his friend Bryan Johnson , who appeared in Smith's subsequent films as Steve-Dave Pulski, and Jay on Jason Mewes , who ended up playing him in
11316-419: The physician confirm a person is at high risk for Chronic Coronary Syndrome before conducting diagnostic non-invasive imaging tests to make a diagnosis, as such tests are unlikely to change management and result in increased costs. Patients who have a normal ECG and who are able to exercise, for example, most likely do not merit routine imaging. There are many causes of chest pain , which can originate from
11439-471: The plaque and act to stabilize it. A stable plaque may have a thick fibrous cap with calcification . If there is ongoing inflammation, the cap may be thin or ulcerate. Exposed to the pressure associated with blood flow, plaques, especially those with a thin lining, may rupture and trigger the formation of a blood clot (thrombus). The cholesterol crystals have been associated with plaque rupture through mechanical injury and inflammation. Atherosclerotic disease
11562-605: The porn videos Randal mentions in the film. Smith was not involved in, nor was aware of this release. Outside the United States, Clerks was distributed in the United Kingdom by Artificial Eye with Fox Video through Fox Guild Home Entertainment handling rental sales, and in Canada by Alliance Atlantis . Since 2020, DVD and Blu-Ray distribution has been handled by Paramount Home Entertainment following Paramount Global 's acquisition of 49% of Miramax. On September 7, 2004, Clerks X
11685-487: The presence of cardiac muscle damage. Troponins , measured through a blood test, are considered to be the best, and are preferred because they have greater sensitivity and specificity for measuring injury to the heart muscle than other tests. A rise in troponin occurs within 2–3 hours of injury to the heart muscle, and peaks within 1–2 days. The level of the troponin, as well as a change over time, are useful in measuring and diagnosing or excluding myocardial infarctions, and
11808-734: The previous events to her, and she furiously and dramatically dumps Dante. Upset and furious, Dante brawls with Randal, trashing the Quick Stop in the process. After a brief crucial moment of clarity between them, Dante rants at Randal, blaming him for the day's events before repeating his relent of "I'm not even supposed to be here today!". Randal furiously blows up at Dante, reminding him that he abandoned his post to slack off several times of his own accord, but arrived at work nevertheless and could've left at any point but didn't, and furthermore neither of them are as "advanced" as they think they are, otherwise they wouldn't be stuck with such lowly jobs. The two reconcile and clean up, with Dante planning to take
11931-503: The primary cause of myocardial infarction, with other risk factors including male sex, low levels of physical activity, a past family history , obesity , and alcohol use . Risk factors for myocardial disease are often included in risk factor stratification scores, such as the Framingham Risk Score . At any given age, men are more at risk than women for the development of cardiovascular disease. High levels of blood cholesterol
12054-411: The purposes of featuring them in separate films). The producers' solution was to change the character's name to Ray. Smith was unaware of the production of the series until casting was underway. Smith, as well as Mosier and Mewes, had been knee-deep with the production of Mallrats at the time and attempted to become involved in the series, but became disheartened quickly as an episode he had written for
12177-405: The register and does not notice another person entering the store. Dante at first thinks it's Randal but looks up and informs the person that the store is no longer open. The man then pulls out a gun and shoots Dante, killing him. Afterward, the man puts all the money from the cash register in a bag and walks out of the store. The sequence ends with Dante's dead face looking off past the camera; after
12300-486: The risk of myocardial infarction, although there is not universal agreement. Dietary modifications are recommended by some national authorities, with recommendations including increasing the intake of wholegrain starch, reducing sugar intake (particularly of refined sugar), consuming five portions of fruit and vegetables daily, consuming two or more portions of fish per week, and consuming 4–5 portions of unsalted nuts , seeds , or legumes per week. The dietary pattern with
12423-614: The road in my 40s or 50s, when it might be interesting to check back in on Dante and Randal. But I don't know about Jay and Bob so much, 'cause at 45, leaning on a wall in front of a convenience store might be a little sad." Smith repeated this sentiment on one of the audio commentary tracks on the Clerks II DVD, to which Anderson jokingly replied, "Oh, don't get me started", referring to Anderson's well known doubts about making Clerks II when first approached by Smith. On March 29, 2012, Smith expressed his interest in producing Clerks III as
12546-503: The same continuity as Clerks . Dante and Randal also reprised their roles in Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back , which was originally promoted as the finale to the series, but an official sequel to Clerks was announced a few years later. The live-action, feature film sequel to Clerks was released on July 21, 2006. The working title was The Passion of the Clerks , though the film was released under
12669-449: The security camera earlier in the day during the roof hockey scene, the killer would never be caught. Smith has since claimed he concluded Clerks this way for three reasons. The primary reason was irony, the ending would be the payoff for Dante's repeated claims of "I'm not even supposed to be here today!" Smith also stated that the ending was an homage to the ending of one of his favorite films, Spike Lee 's Do The Right Thing (1989),
12792-422: The series was shot down to be used as a potential B-plot. He would later use the script for an episode of Clerks: The Animated Series . O'Halloran and Anderson both auditioned to reprise their roles of Dante and Randal from the film but were replaced by Andrew Lowery and future Saturday Night Live performer Jim Breuer . After seeing the result, Smith, Mosier, Mewes, O'Halloran and Anderson all said that it
12915-440: The song was directed by Smith and was filmed in the same locations as the film. The video featured Smith, Jason Mewes, Jeff Anderson and Brian O'Halloran reprising their roles from Clerks . Another song which appeared on the soundtrack was " Got Me Wrong " by Alice in Chains, which had previously been released on the band's extended play Sap (1992). The song was issued as a single in late 1994, due to renewed radio interest from
13038-662: The song's appearance in Clerks . The song peaked at #7 on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks and #22 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks in early 1995. Although not direct sequels in terms of addressing the original film's storyline, characters from the original Clerks – primarily Jay and Silent Bob – appeared in the films Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997), Dogma (1999), Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019), all of which take place in
13161-399: The start of daylight saving time . Women who use combined oral contraceptive pills have a modestly increased risk of myocardial infarction, especially in the presence of other risk factors. The use of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), even for as short as a week, increases risk. Endometriosis in women under the age of 40 is an identified risk factor. Air pollution
13284-412: The store at night while it was closed (from 10:30 p.m. to 5:30 a.m.), hence the plot point of the shutters being closed due to a vandal having jammed gum in the padlocks. Because Smith was working at Quick Stop during the day and shooting the film at night, he frequently slept no more than an hour a day. By the end of the 21-day shoot, Smith was unable to stay awake while Dante and Randal's fight
13407-400: The studies showing these differences had high variability. Females are less likely to report chest pain during a heart attack and more likely to report nausea, jaw pain, neck pain, cough, and fatigue, although these findings are inconsistent across studies. Females with heart attacks also had more indigestion, dizziness , loss of appetite , and loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath is
13530-402: The title Clerks II . The credits for Dogma stated: "Jay and Silent Bob will return in Clerks 2: Hardly Clerkin ' "; however, that project "evolved" into Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back . The sequel features O'Halloran, Anderson, Mewes and Smith (in addition to returning as writer, director and editor) reprising their roles as Dante, Randal, Jay and Silent Bob. The former two now work at
13653-421: The total budget to $ 27,575. Clerks was shot on an Arriflex SR-2 camera, utilizing black-and-white 16mm Kodak Plus X film stock, and roughly edited due to its small budget. The film was shot in 21 days (with two " pick-up " days). The Quick Stop convenience store, located at 58 Leonard Avenue in Leonardo, New Jersey , where Smith worked, was the primary setting for the film. He was only allowed to film in
13776-529: The wall of the coronary arteries or other arteries, typically over decades, is termed atherosclerosis . Atherosclerosis is characterized by progressive inflammation of the walls of the arteries. Inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages , move into affected arterial walls. Over time, they become laden with cholesterol products, particularly LDL , and become foam cells . A cholesterol core forms as foam cells die. In response to growth factors secreted by macrophages, smooth muscle and other cells move into
13899-483: Was also one of the 500 films nominated for a spot on AFI's 100 Years…100 Laughs but failed to make the top 100. The film was also included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die . In 2019, Clerks was among 25 films chosen to be added to the Library of Congress' National Film Registry . Clerks was first released on VHS on May 23, 1995. This was followed by a LaserDisc version on August 30, 1995, and
14022-519: Was causing a delay in several key Clerks III cast and crew members, including Anderson and Mosier, from coming on board until the audit was resolved. Smith also revealed that he would like to crowdsource Clerks III , either through Kickstarter or Indiegogo , with contributors receiving anything from DVDs, posters and even roles as extras in the film. On June 5, 2013, he changed his mind on crowdsourcing, stating: "I've got access to money. And worst-case scenario, I can put up my house." Smith worked on
14145-418: Was happening and that Jeff Anderson agreed to reprise his role as Randal. "It'll be a movie that concludes a saga. It'll be a movie about how you're never too old to completely change your life. It’ll be a movie about how a decades-spanning friendship finally confronts the future. It'll be a movie that brings us back to the beginning—a return to the cradle of civilization in the great state of #newjersey. It’ll be
14268-447: Was like, Clerks III , done. So everybody that's like, 'He failed, he failed', thank you – I failed into Clerks III . So, never trust anybody when they tell you how your story goes, man. You know your story. You write your own story.” There were plans to start shooting Clerks III in May 2015, but these were put on hold to film another sequel, Mallrats 2 . However, by June 2016, the plans for
14391-447: Was produced in 1995. It was produced by Touchstone Television and was to be developed by Richard Day . The pilot only referenced the character names and starred none of the cast from the original film, contained no foul language (except words suitable enough for a TV-PG rating) and did not feature Silent Bob. The character of Jay was featured, prompting Smith to point out that he owned the character rights to both Jay and Silent Bob (for
14514-519: Was released on UMD (playable on PlayStation Portable ) on November 15, 2005. Special features include "Clerks: The Lost Scene", "The Flying Car", and original cast auditions. In the fall of 2006, a new edition of the Clerks DVD appeared in Canada, dubbed the Clerks: Snowball Edition . This release is the 1999 DVD with a new slipcover with a photo of a bikini-clad model, made to resemble one of
14637-577: Was released to celebrate the film's tenth anniversary. This three-disc set includes, among other things, the features from the initial 1999 DVD, the aforementioned Lost Scene , an unrestored First Cut featuring the deleted scenes and original ending intact, original cast auditions, a new making-of documentary entitled The Snowball Effect , a Tonight Show short film starring Dante and Randal entitled The Flying Car , Smith and Mosier's student film Mae Day , eight MTV spots with Jay and Silent Bob, deleted scenes from The Snowball Effect , still galleries,
14760-410: Was shot. Jason Mewes, who plays Jay , is not in any of the photoshoots for Clerks . Miramax Films , who bought the film's distribution rights following its run at the Sundance Film Festival , believed Jay had no commercial appeal, and would scare audiences rather than entice them. The MPAA originally gave the film an NC-17 rating based purely on the film's explicit dialogue. Despite the rating,
14883-602: Was terrible, and O'Halloran and Anderson further stating they were both glad they weren't involved. Black-and-white Black-and-white ( B&W or B/W ) images combine black and white to produce a range of achromatic brightnesses of grey . It is also known as greyscale in technical settings. The history of various visual media began with black and white, and as technology improved, altered to color. However, there are exceptions to this rule, including black-and-white fine art photography , as well as many film motion pictures and art film (s). Early photographs in
15006-405: Was well received by critics and developed a cult following . On Rotten Tomatoes , it currently has an approval rating of 90% based on 60 reviews, with an average rating of 7.50/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "With its quirky characters and clever, quotable dialogue, Clerks is the ultimate clarion call for slackers everywhere to unite, and, uh, do something, we guess?" On Metacritic ,
15129-626: Was well received by critics upon its theatrical release and grossed over $ 4 million in theaters, launching his career. In 2006, a sequel was released, followed by a third installment in 2022. Often regarded as a cult classic and a landmark in independent filmmaking, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2019 as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". On his day off, Dante Hicks,
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