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50-704: Arsenal Reșița was founded in 1972 in order to produce medium and large cannons. Due to the decrease in sales the company started offering civilian services as well in 1990. The company became part of ROMARM in 2001. The factory produces today various types of artillery and anti-aircraft guns. Carfil was founded in 1922 as "Machinery and Foundry Factory Dumitru Voina". It changed its name to 1969 and became part of ROMARM in 2001. In 2005 it started producing weapons and ammunition compatible with NATO standards. Initially founded in 1955 as an ammunition repair and anti-aircraft artillery factory, Electromecanica has changed its name multiple times since then. The company currently produces

100-549: A 4.5 second fuze . Armor penetration is warhead dependent and ranges from 300–600 mm (12–24 in) of RHA ; one warhead, the PG-7VR, is a 'tandem charge' device, used to defeat reactive armor with a single shot. The Russian Ministry of Defense said in December 2023 that it has modified the RPG-7V grenade launcher in order to shoot 82-mm mines. Current production ammunition for

150-570: A lobbing trajectory. Integrated sensors and logic devices scan and filter the environment and then autonomously airburst the fuze without needing to be told to by the firer, thereby not requiring the soldier to carry extra weapon accessories. SAGMs enable soldiers to accurately incapacitate personnel targets in defilade at ranges between 50 and 500 meters. The round is engineered with three firing modes: airburst; point detonation; and self-destruct. A successful demonstration occurred in November 2013. Although

200-592: A maximum velocity of 295 m/s (970 ft/s). The grenade is stabilized by two sets of fins that deploy in-flight: one large set on the stabilizer pipe to maintain direction and a smaller rear set to induce rotation. The grenade can fly up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft); the fuze sets the maximum range, usually 920 m (3,020 ft). According to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Bulletin 3u (1977) Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher—Capabilities and Countermeasures ,

250-687: A variety of missiles. It was established in 1920 as an explosives factory, and began production in 1921. From 1939 it began producing powders. Renamed "Făgăraș Powders Factory" in 2006, Făgăraș Powders Plant specializes in producing high-power explosives. Officially Uzina Mecanică Cugir ("Cugir Mechanical Plant"). One of the oldest defense companies of Romania, Cugir Arms Factory has a history that can be traced back to 1799 when steel manufacturing workshops were founded in Cugir. Having gone through multiple upgrades throughout its existence, Cugir Arms Factory now produces products compatible with NATO standards. Metrom

300-686: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Poland for their Pallad wz. 74 rifle-mounted grenade launchers (used with the AK family of rifles in the Polish Army, like the AKM/AKMS, Tantal and Beryl) and Pallad-D wz. 83 grenade launcher (standalone variant fitted with standard pistol grip and folding stock from the AKMS assault rifle). The construction is similar to the one used in 40×46 mm grenades, but they are not interchangeable. 40×47 mm

350-482: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AG-40 model 77 and model 80 (today AG-40P) rifle-mounted grenade launchers. It features a casing with a high–low system . The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 78–120 m/s (256–394 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Production was originally handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Filiasi , however production

400-462: Is a cartridge caliber produced in Romania for their AGA-40 Model 85 automatic grenade launcher . It features a casing with a high–low system . The propellant has high pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 216–223 m/s (709–732 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Production is handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Plopeni , a subsidiary of ROMARM . Three ammunition types are known: The standard adopted by

450-555: Is a new type of 40 mm target practice grenade ammunition that has been accepted for use into the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army . It is "green" because it is non-toxic and non-dud producing (since it is a training round), meaning that there is no unexploded ordnance left to clean up on the range and heavy metals in the fuze do not leak into the ground. The MK281 was introduced into parts of

500-566: Is a unique type of 40 mm grenade designed in the Soviet Union for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the Soviet GP-25 Kostyor and GP-30 Obuvka . Instead of a casing, the VOG-25 is caseless ammunition , featuring its propellant in an expansion chamber at the base of the projectile, functioning more like a mortar round than conventional cased ammunition. Today it is used primarily by

550-550: Is handled by the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Plopeni , a subsidiary of ROMARM . The projectiles seem to be of Romanian origin based on available information. The United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) began development of a 40 mm smart airburst fuze ( proximity fuze ) in 2011 to improve the ability of grenade launchers like the M203 and M320 to engage targets in defilade . Called small arms grenade munitions (SAGMs), they double

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600-655: Is renamed S.C. "ARSENAL" S.A. - Bucharest branch. In 2001, following the reorganization of the defense industry, the unit reverted its name to the Bucharest Mechanical Plant and became a subsidiary of ROMARM. The factory currently produces Mowag Piranha V armored vehicles as a joint venture with General Dynamics European Land Systems . It has also produced the TR-85M1 upgrade of the TR-85 . Uzina de Produse Speciale Dragomirești (the "Dragomirești Special Products Plant")

650-551: The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in its Type 96 grenade launcher . It is manufactured by Daikin Industries and the '40 mm anti-personnel light armour-piercing round' (ammunition length 112 mm, weight 371 g) is a multi-purpose grenade with a moulded explosive charge. There is also a '40 mm training round' available. 40 mm VOG-25 ( Russian Cyrillic : ВОГ-25 ) (GRAU-Index: 7P17 ( Russian Cyrillic : 7П17 ))

700-825: The Russian Armed Forces in weapons such as the GP-34, BG-15 Mukha and RG-6 . Several types exist but the most common version is the default VOG-25 high-explosive version. The VOG-25 is 103 mm (4.1 in) long, weighs 250 g (8.8 oz), and features a 48 g (1.7 oz) explosive charge. It has a muzzle velocity of 76 m/s (250 ft/s) and will self-destruct after 14 seconds. During its time (1994–2012), Metal Storm Limited in Australia designed several automatic caseless 40 mm grenade launcher systems based on their own caseless ammunition weapon design. Unlike common caseless ammunition and their weapon systems

750-511: The first and second Chechen wars , the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria used RPG-7s which they had captured from Soviet bases and used them against Russian armored columns. During the first war, Russians may have lost 100 tanks and 250 armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) in Grozny. The Chechens were able to knock out T-72s with three or four RPG-7 hits. Against T-72s with explosive reactive armor ,

800-465: The 40 mm high-velocity cartridge . Going against Swedish military tradition, the 40 mm high-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service. Instead only the projectile types have designations. Currently these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals. Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes. The MK281

850-534: The 40 mm low-velocity cartridge currently lacks a specified indigenous designation in Swedish service. Instead only the projectile types have designations. Currently these projectile types can be found in Swedish service manuals. Mockups and inert types also exist for loading exercises and educational purposes. Romanian arms producer ROMARM has made a version of their 40 mm rifle-mounted grenade launcher AG-40 chambered in 40×46 mm NATO (then designated AG-40PN). Production of Romanian 40 mm low-velocity ammunition

900-411: The 40×46 mm low-velocity and 40×53 mm high-velocity cartridges and is thus referred to as 40 mm medium velocity. The propellant has medium pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 100 m/s (328 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. It has a maximum range of 800 meters, exceeding conventional extended range low-velocity variants by up to 375 meters. The 40×51 mm MV cartridge

950-454: The Chechens fired an RPG in close range (within 50 m (160 ft)) to detonate the armor and then followed this with RPG hits on the now exposed point of the tank, also from close range. The RPG-7 was also effective against AFVs, buildings and personnel. The PG-7VR has been used by Iraqi insurgents . On 28 August 2003, it achieved a mobility kill against an American M1 Abrams hitting

1000-566: The RPG-2, having clearly out-performed the intermediate RPG-4 design during testing. The current model produced by the Russian Federation is the RPG-7V2 , capable of firing standard and dual high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds , high explosive / fragmentation , and thermobaric warheads , with a UP-7V sighting device fitted (used in tandem with the standard 2.7× PGO-7 optical sight ) to allow

1050-524: The RPG-7 has been fired from within buildings, which agrees with the two-stage design. It is stated that only a 2 metres (6.6 feet) standoff to a rear obstruction is needed for use inside rooms or fortifications. The fins not only provide drag stabilization, but are designed to impart a slow rotation to the grenade. Due to the configuration of the RPG-7 sustainer/warhead section, it responds counter-intuitively to crosswinds. A crosswind will tend to exert pressure on

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1100-458: The RPG-7 munition has two sections: a "booster" section and a "warhead and sustainer motor" section. These must be assembled into the ready-to-use grenade. The booster consists of a "small strip powder charge" that serves to propel the grenade out of the launcher; the sustainer motor then ignites and propels the grenade for the next few seconds, giving it a top speed of 294 m/s (960 ft/s). The TRADOC bulletin provides anecdotal commentary that

1150-500: The RPG-7V2 consists of four main types: Other warhead variants include: Manufacturer specifications for the RPG-7V1. 750 mm (30 in) RHA (without reactive armor ) A 1976 U.S. Army evaluation of the weapon gave the hit probabilities on a 5-by-2.5-metre (16.4 ft × 8.2 ft) panel moving sideways at 4 m/s (13 ft/s). Crosswinds cause additional issues as

1200-510: The Romanian defense industry. Besides the military area, CECDI Bucharest also works in areas of industrial and commercial nature and can carry out other R&D-related activities. RPG-7 The RPG-7 is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched , anti-tank , rocket launcher . The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2 , were designed by the Soviet Union , and are now manufactured by

1250-507: The Russian company Bazalt . The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3 . The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon; it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces . Widely produced,

1300-602: The SAGM sensor does not need a laser rangefinder or any pre-fire programming sequence, it does require some skill by the user to aim and fire the round correctly so that it can detect the wall or obstruction to detonate in the air. The SAGM was to undergo evaluation in July 2015 and, if successful, transition into an official Army Program of Record by the end of the year. Not only does the fuze burst over walls, but it can detonate when passing cover like trees, bursting just as it senses and passes

1350-593: The U.S. Armed Forces because of an executive order mandating that they buy green ammunition. The MK281 is manufactured by an American subsidiary of the Rheinmetall Group . The United States Army has a requirement for a non-dud producing 40 mm training ammunition in both high- and low-velocity variants. The Army awarded four contracts to three United States companies to test designs. The resulting ammunition will not contain explosive energetics and have day and night visible, infrared, and thermal signatures. 40×47 mm

1400-503: The ammunition type. AB, air burst Octol filled fragmentation grenade with a time fuze. The A1 has a different fuze from the regular M397. Besides combat ammo there also exists crowd control ammunition like sponge grenades . Sweden currently operates the M203 grenade launcher (designated Granattillsats 40 mm Automatkarbin in Sweden) and thus uses the 40 mm low-velocity cartridge . Going against Swedish military tradition,

1450-700: The cartridge for their next generation multiple grenade launcher, the Milkor Y4 . SANDF approved acquisition in February 2018 but deliveries could not be finished until the end of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . 40×53 mm HV ( high velocity ) is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for mounted or crew-served automatic grenade launchers , such as the Mk.19 AGL , Mk 47 Striker , HK GMG , STK 40 AGL , and Daewoo K4 . The propellant has high pressure and gives

1500-405: The end is flared. Sighting is usually optical with a back-up iron sight , and passive infrared and night sights are also available. The launchers designated RPG-7N1 and RPG-7DN1 can thus mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN51 and the launchers designated RPG-7N2 and RPG-7DN2 can mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN58 . As with similar weapons, the grenade protrudes from

1550-483: The high-velocity cartridge is used for automatic grenade launchers . 40×46 mm LV ( low velocity ) is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers, such as the M79 , M203 , Milkor MGL , Heckler & Koch AG36 and M320 Grenade Launcher Module . The propellant has low pressure and gives the projectile an average velocity of 78–84 m/s (256–276 ft/s) depending on

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1600-460: The launch tubes. It is 40–105 mm (1.6–4.1 in) in diameter and weighs between 2 kg (4.4 lb) and 4.5 kg (9.9 lb). It is launched by a gunpowder booster charge, giving it an initial speed of 115 m/s (380 ft/s), and creating a cloud of light grey-blue smoke that can give away the position of the shooter. The rocket motor ignites after 10 m (33 ft) and sustains flight out to 500 m (1,600 ft) at

1650-773: The left side hull next to the forward section of the engine compartment. During the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) , several M1A2 Abrams were temporarily disabled by RPG-7 hits. 40 mm grenade This is a general collection of the world's many types of ammunition for grenade launchers in 40 mm (1.57 in) caliber . Several countries have developed or adopted grenade launchers in 40 mm caliber. NATO currently uses three standardized 40 mm grenade families: 40 mm low velocity (LV), 40 mm medium velocity (MV), and 40 mm high velocity (HV). Low- and medium-velocity cartridges are used for different hand-held grenade launchers , while

1700-540: The lethality of the standard M433 grenade round by adding a small "smart" fuze sensor that detonates in the air to hit targets in cover or behind obstacles. The airburst function is similar to the XM25 CDTE , which has an onboard laser system to determine the distance to the target, but SAGMs are considered complementary to the XM25 rather than competing against it, as the XM25 provides low-angle fire while 40 mm launchers fire

1750-523: The most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D (десантник – desantnik – paratrooper ) model, which can be broken into two parts for easier carrying; and the lighter Chinese Type 69 RPG . DIO of Iran manufactures RPG-7s with olive green handguards, H&K style pistol grips, and a commando variant. The RPG-7 was first delivered to the Soviet Army in 1961 and deployed at the squad level. It replaced

1800-530: The projectile an average velocity of 241 m/s (791 ft/s) depending on the ammunition type. Armor penetration: 2 inches (51 millimetres). of steel armor at 0-degree obliquity Inflict personnel casualties: 15 meters from impact M430A1: Has a longer shaped charge than the M430 and penetrates more armor. Armor penetration: 3 inches (76 millimetres). Sweden currently operates the Mk 19 grenade launcher (designated 40 mm granatspruta 92 in Sweden) and thus uses

1850-631: The round steers into the wind; in an 11 km/h (6.8 mph) wind, firing at a stationary tank sized target, the gunner cannot expect to get a first-round hit more than 50% of the time at 180 m (590 ft). The RPG-7 was first used in 1967 by Egypt during the Six-Day War , and by the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War , but it did not see widespread usage in Vietnam until the following year. The RPG-7

1900-500: The stabilizing fins, causing the projectile to turn into the wind ( see Weathervane effect ). While the rocket motor is still burning, this will cause the flight path to curve into the wind. The TRADOC bulletin explains aiming difficulties for more distant moving targets in crosswinds at some length. The RPG-7 can fire a variety of warheads for anti-armor (HEAT, PG-Protivotankovaya Granata) or anti-personnel ( HE , OG-Oskolochnaya Granata) purposes, usually fitting with an impact (PIBD) and

1950-416: The trunk. The sort of sensor SAGMs use to differentiate clutter from triggering obstacles is highly classified, but shows airburst reliability of 76 percent. 40×51 mm MV (medium velocity), also known as 40×51 mm extended range low pressure (ERLP), is a NATO-standard high–low grenade launcher cartridge meant for hand-held grenade launchers . Its purpose is to be an intermediate cartridge between

2000-472: The use of extended range ammunition. The RPG-7D3 is the equivalent paratrooper model. Both the RPG-7V2 and RPG-7D3 were adopted by the Russian Ground Forces in 2001. The launcher is reloadable and based around a steel tube, 40 mm (1.6 in) in diameter, 950 mm (37 in) long, and weighing 7 kg (15 lb). The middle of the tube is wood wrapped to protect the user from heat and

2050-596: Was designed by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions for the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) after a 2008 requirement for enhanced range and lethality from hand-held 40 mm grenades. Rheinmetall answered by developing a new family of 40 mm grenades named 40 mm medium velocity and by 2019 the cartridge was undergoing NATO qualification. Besides NATO the cartridge has been ordered by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) as

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2100-546: Was established in 1978, as an annex plant of the "23 August" Bucharest Factory, under the title "Special Heavy Machinery Factory". In December 1990, it received the name the "Bucharest Mechanical Plant", being taken over by the Ministry of National Defense, as a component unit of the Army Industrial Group - Autonomous Directorate. After 10 years, the plant comes under the authority of the Ministry of Industry and Resources and

2150-449: Was extended at one point to produce a higher range of products, Pirochim Victoria now produces specialty products and is under the authority of Romania's Ministry of Economy and Commerce. The plant's history begins in 1937 when the construction for a plant to manufacture ammunition and war artillery started. In 1941 the plant became operational under the name Mărgineanca Plant . The plant produces different types of ammunition today. Tohan

2200-546: Was founded in 1938 as part of the MALAXA industrial group. Between 1948 and 1990 it was called "6 March" Factory Zărnești and from 1990 to 1998 it changed its name again to Mechanical Plant Tohan Zărnești. Today, the TOHAN Factory specializes in producing artillery munition and missiles. It was established on 5 November 1938 as Întreprinderea Română Mecanică şi Chimică (the "Romanian Mechanical and Chemical Enterprise"). The factory

2250-412: Was founded in 1948 as a merger of two companies : FAROLA and METROM SAR. The new official name of the company was METROM Factory Brașov. Initially named IAM, the company was founded in 1968 . The factory is today the only defense company of Romania that produces armoured personnel carriers. The factory's life began before World War II due to the Romanian state's need of an armament factory. While it

2300-551: Was founded in 1981. It produces aircraft bombs, 40 mm grenades , artillery ammunition, explosives for military or police use, and explosive charges for mining. It became a subsidiary to ROMARM in 2001. Founded in October 2022 as a new subsidiary of ROMARM, the Centre of Excellence in Research, Development and Innovation Bucharest (CECDI Bucharest) works as a research and development center of

2350-681: Was founded in Bucharest in 1861. Originally it was called Pirotehnia Armatei Sadu , but was renamed to Uzina Mecanică Sadu in 1945. In 1970, the Sadu II industrial platform was built for the manufacture of infantry weapons, primers for the various types of ammunition, as well as mining explosives. From 2002, it became a subsidiary to ROMARM, and from 2014 it changed its name to Societatea "Uzina Mecanică Sadu" SA . Today, it produces small arms munitions, in both NATO and Warsaw Pact calibers. The Bucharest Mechanical Plant ( Uzina Mecanică București - UMB)

2400-523: Was later moved to the arms factory Uzina Mecanica Tohan Zărnești , today more commonly known as S. Tohan S.A. , a subsidiary of ROMARM . Several types of the Romanian 40×47 mm exist: Tohan currently (2021) offers a 40×47 mm high explosive type called GETZ (Grenadă Explozivă Tohan Zărnești) and an inert version called GITZ (Grenadă Inertă Tohan Zărnești). Both cartridges are 105 mm (4.13 in) long, with GETZ weighing 0.260 kg (0.573 lb) and GITZ 0.200 kg (0.441 lb). 40×74.5 mm

2450-616: Was producing 50 kg, 100 kg and 225 kg aviation bombs, anti-tank mines, smoke equipment and other products for the Army. Today, it manufactures anti-tank munitions for the AG-7 and AG-9 , hand grenades , and other products. It is located in Bumbești-Jiu . Established through High Decree no. 3010/1939, the Sadu Mechanical Plant is the successor to Pirotehnia Armatei ("Army Pyrotechnics"), which

2500-893: Was used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2005, most notably in Lurgan , County Armagh, where it was used against British Army observation posts and the towering military base at Kitchen Hill in the town. The IRA also used them in Catholic areas of West Belfast against British Army armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and Army forward operating bases (FOBs). Beechmount Avenue in Belfast became known as "RPG Avenue" after attacks on British troops. In Mogadishu, Somalia, RPG-7s were used to down two U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopters in 1993. During

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