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50-767: RATP Dev Asia is a subsidiary of RATP Dev that operates public transport services in Asia. It was previously the RATP Dev Transdev Asia ( RDTA ), a 50/50 joint venture owned by RATP Dev and Transdev until October 2020. It was originally Veolia Transport RATP Asia ( VTRA ) and was formed in July 2009 between RATP Dev and Transdev's predecessor Veolia Transport , for an initial period of 20 years. Upon creation, it absorbed all of Veolia Transport's operation companies and contracts in Asia, which included Veolia Transport Korea and Veolia Transport China Limited (VTCL). The joint venture

100-572: A company (80%) with Hyundai Rotem (20%) in March 2007 known as Southlink 9, and it won a ten-year contract to operate the Seoul Subway Line 9 , which later opened in 2009. In India, Veolia Transport formed a special purpose vehicle called Mumbai Metro One Pvt Ltd (MMOPL) in 2006 to construct the Mumbai Metro Line 1 . These Veolia operating companies and their contracts were passed on to VTRA upon

150-592: A joint venture (65%) with HN Group, a company in Macau . Reolian operated buses in Macau since August 2011 until July 2014, after the company filed for bankruptcy in October 2013. The company is now replaced by Macau Nova Era de Autocarros Públicos (Macau New Era Public Bus), now merged into Transportas Companhia de Macau . RDTA owns 70% of Metro One Operation Pvt Ltd (MOOPL), a joint venture company set up in March 2009, which operated

200-527: A joint venture with Nanjing Zhongbei (renamed as Nanjing Public Utilities Development since 2016) for a period of 30 years. As of January 2018, RDTA operates buses only in Anqing. In May 2008, Veolia Transport's Chinese subsidiary, Veolia Transport Chinese Limited (VTCL), held 49% of a joint-venture company "Nanjing Zhongbei Veolia Transport" with Nanjing Zhongbei (51%), a transport company based in Nanjing . When formed,

250-407: A major part of its business through to the present day; in 2019, it was recorded that, in the Île-de-France region, it carried roughly 3.3 billion passengers per year. In 2019, RATP Group's consolidated revenue was € 5.704 billion ; it employed 64,000 people at that time. In recent decades, the company has operated on an increasingly competitive basis as a result of legislative changes. The RATP

300-466: A new joint venture called RATP Dev Transit London , with RATP Dev holding 87.5% of shares and SeaLink 12.5%. The incorporation of the joint venture was finalised on 11 December 2021. Tower Transit's Lea Interchange garage, located in East London, was not part of the joint venture and remained unaffected until sold off separately to Stagecoach London . Outside of London, RATP Dev manages, since 2011,

350-688: A subsidiary of Nanjing Public Utilities Shareholding) and placed under its subsidiary Nanjing Yangzi Public Transport Co. In June 2016, Nanjing Zhongbei was renamed to Nanjing Public Utilities Development after its parent company, but the joint venture name did not change. By 2014, the joint venture was left with Huainan, Huaibei and Anqing operations, and by 2016, it was left with just Huaibei and Anqing. In August 2016, RDTA sold its 52% share in Huaibei Zhongbei, leaving RDTA with just Anqing bus operations only as of late 2017. RDTA owns 80% of Seoul Line9 Operation (SL9), which operated and maintained phase 1 of

400-687: Is located in the southwestern part of Anhui province, and on the northern shore of the lower Yangtze. To the north are the Dabie Mountains . Neighbouring prefectures are: The total area of the prefecture is 16,300 square kilometres (6,290 sq mi), with an urban area of 550 square kilometres (212 sq mi), which is only 3.4% of the total. Anqing has a four-season, monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with chilly, damp winters and very hot, humid summers. Cold northwesterly winds from Siberia can occasionally cause nightly temperatures to drop below freezing (although snow

450-543: Is performed in the local dialect. The early presence of actors from Anqing in the world of Peking opera (Beijing Opera) has significantly impacted the development of this renowned Chinese theatrical art form. This influence is evident in various aspects, including language accents and cultural nuances within Peking Opera. The prefecture-level city of Anqing administers 10 county-level divisions , including 3 districts , 2 county-level cities and 5 counties . Anqing

500-596: Is the Chairman of the Board of RATP Dev since January 2022. In Paris, RATP operates, under its own name, on behalf of and under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM), the Paris region transit authority . RATP's services constitute, in their own right, a multi-mode public transportation infrastructure, but also contribute to a larger multi-mode system extending out into the surrounding Île-de-France communities. RATP's services in

550-632: Is to close its Quality Line subsidiary and Epsom depot. The closure was effective as of July 2021. On 16 June 2021, the firm announced it had placed an order for 195 electric buses for its London operations to be delivered jointly by Alexander Dennis and BYD Auto , the by then largest ever full battery electric bus order in the UK. On 22 September 2021, RATP Dev and SeaLink Travel Group (now Kelsian Group ) announced that their respective West London bus operations (including London United, London Sovereign and Tower Transit 's Westbourne Park garage) would merge into

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600-579: Is uncommon), while summer can see extended periods of 35 °C (95 °F)+ days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 4.3 °C (39.7 °F) in January to 29.2 °C (84.6 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.20 °C (63.0 °F). Precipitation tends to reach a maximum in tandem with the meiyu (plum rains) while wintertime rainfall is generally light. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 30% in March to 54% in August,

650-729: The East Japan Railway Company announce their association to jointly bid for operations and maintenance of the North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), in the Philippines . (selection / non comprehensive list) Anqing Anqing was built during the Southern Song dynasty in 1217. Anqing was held by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for almost nine years, from June 1853 to December 1861. It served as

700-574: The French Alps . Ridership of the cable car has increased by 50% since 2013, notably after the introduction of shuttle buses from Annemasse and Saint-Julien-en-Genevois . The contract of the RATP Dev-led consortium has been renewed in 2019 for 12 additional years, until 2031. RATP Dev established in 2018 a "regional office" in Singapore for Asia-Pacific albeit not having any operational activity in

750-615: The Mumbai Metro Line 1 in India under a five-year contract since June 2014. The other 30% of the MOOPL is owned by Reliance Infrastructure , a subsidiary of the Reliance Group . Reliance Infrastructure and RDTA are planning to extend the operation contract, as well as looking into bidding for metro rail projects in other Indian cities. The contract expired in June 2019 and operations were re-internalised by

800-476: The Seoul Subway Line 9 (also known as Metro9) in South Korea since July 2009, under contract to Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SML9), the franchisee (concessionaire) of the line. Seoul Line9 Operation used to be called SOUTHLINK9, and was formed in 2007 between Veolia Transport Korea (80%) and Hyundai Rotem (20%). SOUTHLINK9 was renamed Seoul Line9 Operation in October 2008. The share by Veolia Transport Korea

850-633: The "Régionéo" brand name for regional rail services in France which will gradually opened to competitive tendering. In February 2023, Sepulveda Transit Corridor Partners (STCP), one of the two private sector teams executing the project development agreement with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority for the future Sepulveda Transit Corridor , announced to have selected RATP Dev as its operations and maintenance partner. In October 2024, RATP Dev and

900-637: The "historical" RATP network in the Greater Paris area although it also operates some specialised services within Paris. RATP Dev is present in France as well as in 15 other countries, namely Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Hong Kong, Italy, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Wholly and partly owned operations include

950-620: The Air Decker, a bus service operated by Bath Bus Company connecting Bristol Airport with Bath . RATP operates various transit systems in the United States under the name RATP Dev USA : RATP Dev operates hop-on hop-off tours using double-decker buses under the Tootbus brand in several cities: Since 2013, RATP Dev, in a consortium with TPG and Pomagalski , manages the Salève cable car , in

1000-532: The Greater Paris area include: Paris bus route 341 was RATP's first line equipped with 100% electric full-size buses (starting June 2016). By early 2021, there were over 150 full battery electric buses in the fleet with a target of 1,500 by 2025. RATP Dev (Dev being a contraction of Développement , French for development ), established in 2002 as a 100% subsidiary of the RATP Group, provides operations and maintenance of passenger transport services outside of

1050-557: The Metro and RER lines out to bid 30 years later in 2039. With the RATP anticipating this shift to a competitive environment, the company began to reorganize itself. In the early years of the 21st century, a partnership with Transdev resulted in RATP acquiring a minority shareholding in that group, with its many worldwide transport operations. However, in 2009, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations ,

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1100-695: The Public Transport Authority. RDTA also owns 5% of Mumbai Metro One Pvt Ltd (MMOPL), a special purpose vehicle set up in December 2006, which owns the line and was in charge of its construction. Reliance Infrastructure owns 69% of the MMOPL, and Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) owns 26%. RDTA operated buses since 2008 in the Nanjing suburbs of Luhe and Pukou, as well as nearby Chinese cities of Ma'anshan , Huainan , Huaibei and Anqing in neighbouring Anhui province, as part of

1150-511: The RATP Group purchased Stagecoach Metrolink's contract to operate the Metrolink light rail system in Greater Manchester , England until July 2017. Two years later, in 2013, RATP purchased the nearby long-established coach company, Selwyns Travel , a National Express operator. The current president and CEO of the RATP, Jean Castex , is in office since 28 November 2022. Hiba Farès

1200-518: The United Kingdom is mainly concentrated in London with its portfolio of bus services on behalf of Transport for London . Through its three subsidiaries London United , Quality Line (acquired as Epsom Coaches in April 2012) and London Sovereign (acquired in April 2014), RATP Dev manages 1129 vehicles on 96 routes out of 10 garages, and has 3387 employees, as of 2020. Early 2021, RATP Dev announced that it

1250-611: The capital of the Taiping's Anhui province during this period. The final Battle of Anqing , in which the Qing forces laid siege to the city, began in 1860, and the Xiang Army and other Qing forces were able to retake Anqing by December 1861. The constant battles around Anqing devastated the city, and it took long to fully recover. In 1938, the Japanese occupied Anqing, which again caused major damage to

1300-472: The city receives 1,831 hours of bright sunshine annually. Anqing has one Yangtze River crossing , the Anqing Yangtze River Bridge . Anqing Tianzhushan Airport serves the city. The Nanjing–Anqing Intercity Railway opened in December 2015, allowing a 90-minute journey time to Nanjing , and 3 hours to Shanghai . Wuhan-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway is also under construction. One of

1350-422: The city-owned "Shenyang Hunnan Modern Transport Co., Ltd" (51%) and RDTA (49%). The tramway opened on 31 August 2013. The duration of the contract to operate the 60 km tramway network was for three years. RDTA does not operate the tramway anymore as of December 2017. The joint venture was established in 2009 between Veolia Transport and RATP Dev and was originally named "Veolia Transport RATP Asia (VTRA)". It

1400-472: The city-state. In December 2020, RATP Dev and SBS Transit announced a partnership for future rail projects in Singapore, without referencing specific commercial targets. RATP Dev and SBS Transit are expected to bid for operations and maintenance of the future Jurong Region MRT line and the future Cross Island MRT line . In September 2020, RATP Dev announces a partnership with Getlink to jointly bid under

1450-529: The city. Following the Japanese defeat, the capital of Anhui was moved to Hefei, which eventually lead to Anqing's gradual loss of status as one of the "Five Tigers of the Yangtze". The people of Anqing have a unique dialect that mixed with the Gan Chinese , Wu Chinese and Lower Yangtze Mandarin . It is therefore quite different from the rest of the province, which is predominantly Huizhou -speaking. Huangmei Opera

1500-510: The current RDTA name in this December 2017 link about the Seoul Metro . Below is a summary of the past and present names of this joint venture: RATP Group#Operations outside Paris The RATP Group ( French : Groupe RATP ) is a French state-owned enterprise ( EPIC ) that operates public transport system primarily in Paris , France. Headquartered in Paris, it originally operated under

1550-609: The following: In December 2022, RATP Dev launches hydrogen training center in La Roche-sur-Yon . In June 2024, RATP partnered with Wabtec to equip all its RER A trains with a new brake lining that eliminates 70-90% of the health-damaging fine particles found on platforms. Similar tests are being carried out on some metro lines. The same year, RATP and Île-de-France Mobilités signed an accessibility charter to make it easier for blind and partially-sighted people to travel on Île-de-France's transport network. RATP Dev's presence in

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1600-473: The joint venture took over some of Nanjing Zhongbei's owned companies and the operations of: The 49% share of the joint venture was passed on from VTCL to VTRA when the latter was set up in July 2009. In July 2012, as part of a restructuring of Nanjing Zhongbei's parent Nanjing Public Utilities Shareholding, the joint venture's Nanjing operations (Nanjing Zhongbei Veolia Luhe and Nanjing Zhongbei Veolia Pukou) were sold to Nanjing Public Transportation Group (also

1650-494: The joint venture was bidding for the Bulim bus contract in Singapore , its Singaporean website in June 2015 used the name VTRA. However, the official name used in the bidding process was the current name RATP Dev Transdev Asia. The bid was eventually awarded to Tower Transit Singapore and the website was deleted soon after. The August 2016 RATP Dev website also referred the joint venture by its current name. RATP Dev also mentioned

1700-471: The latter's creation. Veolia Transport later merged with old Transdev in 2011 to form Veolia Transdev, which subsequently rebranded to just Transdev in July 2013. Due to the Veolia Transdev merger and the rebranding to just Transdev, the joint venture did not have a fixed name (its name had always been the parent companies' names put together). As a result, it was referred to by a variety of names. It

1750-848: The majority owner of the Transdev, started negotiations with Veolia to merge Transdev with Veolia Transport . As part of the resulting agreement, made in May 2010, it was agreed that RATP would take over ownership of some of Transdev's operations in lieu of cash payment for its holdings in Transdev. This gave RATP a considerable number of international operations. In 2009, RATP entered the United States by purchasing transit contractor McDonald Transit Associates. McDonald operated Fort Worth Transportation Authority (now Trinity Metro ) in Texas, Votran in Florida, and Waco Transit System in Texas, among others. On 1 August 2011,

1800-489: The name Régie autonome des transports parisiens (English: Parisian Autonomous Transport Administration ). Its logo represents, in a stylized version, the Seine 's meandering through the Paris area as the face of a person looking up. The company had described itself as the fourth-largest presence in public transport. RATP Group was established in 1949 with the express purpose of operating Paris' public transport system. During

1850-519: The operation under RDTA. The concessionaire, LRMC, was awarded the concession to operate and maintain the line as well as constructing an extension to the line. The 9-station extension of the line is due to be completed in 2018. This operation is not listed as a Transdev operation in any Transdev website, and no other sources suggest that Transdev operates it, but it is listed in the RDTA and RATP Dev websites. RDTA also used to operate: VTRA owned Reolian as

1900-477: The other 50% shares in 2010. It is currently the only operation fully owned by RDTA, as opposed to the other operations which are contracted by governments, city councils, or concession companies. RDTA operates Line 1 of the Manila Light Rail in the Philippines since 2015, as part of a 20-year contract between RATP Dev and the concessionaire of the line, Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC). RATP Dev placed

1950-553: The sole owner of RDTA. RDTA currently operates: RDTA owns 100% and operates the Hong Kong Tramways , which operates trams in Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong . Veolia Transport's Chinese subsidiary, Veolia Transport Chinese Limited (VTCL), at first bought 50% shares from the owner The Wharf (Holdings) in April 2009. The shares was passed on to VTRA upon the latter's creation three months later in July 2009. VTRA then bought

2000-604: The suburbs. The STCRP had been created on 1 January 1921 by the merger of about half a dozen independent bus and streetcar operators in the Paris area. By the time the STCRP was merged into the RATP, all of its streetcars had been replaced by bus routes. A major change in French law came on 3 November 2009, when article 5 of the ARAF (French rail regulatory body) law came into effect. This law opens public transport operation to competition. The law

2050-500: The twentieth century, it focused solely on the provision of the capital's various forms of transit, from the Paris Métro , Île-de-France tram , and the RATP bus network , as well as part of the regional express rail (RER) network. However, since 2002, RATP Group's operations have no longer been geographically restricted; it has competitively pursued contracts to operate transit systems around

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2100-474: The world. It also had a partnership with, and a minority shareholding in, Transdev , which has further involved RATP Group in various global transport operations. During 2002, RATP Dev was created as the Group's dedicated international operations and maintenance subsidiary; it is present in 16 countries across Africa , Asia , Australia , Europe and North America . RATP Group's Paris-related activities are still

2150-456: Was revamped later that year and now refers the joint venture by its current name. The VTCL name was never mentioned in Transdev, RATP or the old VTRA websites. Between 2011 and 2013, the Reolian website refers its owners as "Veolia Transport RATP" and HN Group (the other owner of Reolian). In an August 2014 press release , Transdev referred the joint venture as "Transdev RATPDev". In 2015, when

2200-645: Was awarded the contract by the City of Seoul in 2005. Collectively, SLM9 and SL9 are known as Metro9. Seoul Line9 Operation (SL9) is also a different company to the Seoulmetro Line Nine Co., Ltd. (100% owned by Seoul Metro ), who is the concessionaire and operator of phase 2 and future phases of the line. RDTA operates lines 1, 2 and 5 of the Shenyang Modern Tram in the north-eastern Chinese province of Liaoning , as part of an operation company owned by

2250-479: Was created for an initial period of 20 years. Prior to establishment VTRA, Veolia Transport already existed in Asia under different names. In China, it existed under the name "Veolia Transport China Limited (VTCL)", and had a joint venture with Nanjing Zhongbei to operate buses in China since September 2008, as well as owning 50% of Hong Kong Tramways at the time. In South Korea, "Veolia Transport Korea" had already formed

2300-706: Was created on 1 January 1949 by combining the assets of the Compagnie du Chemin de fer Métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which operated the Paris Métro, and the Société des Transports en Commun de la Région Parisienne (STCRP), which operated the city's bus system. Prior to this, the CMP had absorbed the Nord-Sud Company in 1930 and the Ligne de Sceaux in 1937, which operated commuter rail to

2350-463: Was not until the creation of the RDTA website in 2017 that confirmed the name of the joint venture to be RDTA. The name "Veolia Transport Korea" was rarely mentioned and only used during the formation of Southlink 9 (now Seoul Line9 Operation). Even after the establishment of VTRA, "Veolia Transport China Limited (VTCL)" was mentioned in an April 2015 version of the Hong Kong Tramways website . The website

2400-506: Was part of a broader push by the European Union to open all passenger transport operation to competition. Under this law, the RATP Group lost the exclusive right to operate all new public transport lines immediately. The company's exclusive operation rights for existing lines would expire over time, with the bus network going out to bid 15 years later in 2024, the tram network (Lines T1, T2 & T3) going out to bid 20 years later in 2029, and

2450-414: Was passed to VTRA when the latter was formed in July 2009. The contract to operate the line was extended for another 10 years in 2013. However, the contract expired and operations were re-internalised by the Public Transport Authority. Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SML9), a different company, is the developing company and current franchisee of the line phase 1 which oversaw the line's construction, and

2500-629: Was previously known by a variety of different names in the past (see section Company names ). Its headquarters are in Hong Kong , at the Whitty Street Tram Depot, which is one of the depots of its wholly owned subsidiary Hong Kong Tramways . During its peak, RDTA operated in China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Philippines and India. By 2020, Hong Kong Tramways and the Manila operations are the only remaining RDTA operations. In October 2020, RATP Dev became

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